is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · it is important to remember that...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LUIZ ANTONIO MARTINELLICENA-University of São Paulo
São Paulo, May 15, 2015
Is it possible to conciliate
agriculture and environmental
preservation in Brazil?
![Page 2: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A unique and rare opportunity in the world history:
Become a leader in food production with alleconomic and social benefits
AND,…..conserving its megabiodiveristy that in turn will provide several environmental services that will guarantee its agricultural success in the future.
![Page 3: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Brazilian geography
![Page 4: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1965-1985
Macroeconomics
•High inflation
•Controlled exchange rate
•Farm policy (high)
•Land as a real asset
•“Latifúndios”
Price support and storage
•Massive
Agricultural trade policy
•Closed economy
•High tariffs
•Export taxes
1995-2010
Macroeconomics
•Control of inflation
•Volatile exchange rate
•Farm policy (low)
Price support and storage
•Modest
Agricultural trade policy
•More open economy
•Low tariffs
•Low export taxes
Gasques, 2006; Chaddad and Junk, 2006; Barros, 2008;
![Page 6: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Source: FAOSTAT
Municipalities level Soybean (ha/km2)
![Page 7: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Source: FAOSTAT
Municipalities level Sugar cane (ha/km2)
![Page 8: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2003
Source: CANASAT - http://www.dsr.inpe.br/mapdsr/frame.jsp
![Page 9: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Source: CANASAT - http://www.dsr.inpe.br/mapdsr/frame.jsp
2008
![Page 10: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Source: FAOSTAT
Municipalities level Corn (ha/km2)
![Page 11: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Source: FAOSTAT
Municipalities level Cattle (head/km2)
![Page 12: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Brazil: land use - 2010
Source: FAOSTAT
![Page 13: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Brazilian Exports 2009
Brazilian Agriculture9% of the country GDPBrazilian Agribusiness25% of the country GDP
Source: Receita Federal do Brasil, 2010
![Page 14: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“Poets and city folks love to romanticize agriculture,
portraying it as some sort of idyllic state of harmony
between humankind and nature. How far this is from
the truth! Since Neolithic man or most probably
woman domesticated the major crop and animal
species some 10-12 millenia ago, agriculture has
been a struggle between the forces of natural
biodiversity and the need to produce food under
increasingly intensive production systems”
Norman Bourlaug
![Page 15: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
“Delight is a weak term to express the feelings of a naturalist who, for the first time, has wandered by himself in a Brazilian forest”Charles Darwin
![Page 16: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
700 thousand km2
Almost 6 x PA
Amazon
![Page 18: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
500 thousand km2
4 x PA
Cerrado
Cerrado biodiversityPlants: 10,000Mammals: 195Birds: 607Reptiles: 225Amphibians: 186Freshwater fish: 800Source: Conservation International
Cerrado – Tropical SavannaOriginal area: 2 million km2
Deforested: 0.8 million km2 (40%)Rate: 4,000 km2 per year
![Page 19: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1,900 thousand km2
16 x PA
Atlantic Forest
Biomass: 150 – 250 ton/haTrees (DBH>10cm): 400 - 900Species: 250 – 500 species/ha
Atlantic Forest (one of the oldest tropical forests in the world)
Plants: 20,000Mammals : 264Birds: 934Reptiles: 311Amphibians: 456Freshwater fish: 350Source: Conservation International
Atlantic ForestOriginal: 2 million km2
Deforested: 1.86 million km2
Only 7% is left!!!
![Page 20: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2007 2008 2009 2010
2011 2012 2013 2014
www.inpe.gov.br
![Page 21: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Source: MMA-IBAMA(www.mma.gov.br)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1963 1986 2004 2014
En
da
ng
ere
d s
pe
cie
s
![Page 23: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The most recognizable of these natural services that depend on the landscape in which agricultural fieldsare embedded are:pollination and biological pest control.
![Page 24: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Several fruits, vegetables, nuts and stimulant crops like coffee are highly dependent (Klein et al., 2007)l
It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter of the world.
Gallai et al. (2009) estimated that the insect pollination economic value for LAC would be worth approximately 12 trillion €.
![Page 25: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Isopreno (gas) 2-methilthertiol (partículas)
Emission of isoprene e produção de CCN na Amazônia
![Page 27: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ecosystem Services
The Amazon forest works likea rain machine that exports water and water vapor to otherparts of the South America, including the soybean production area of MT.
(Pedro Dias Leite)
![Page 28: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Fertilizers
• Micronutrients
• Lime
• GMOs
• Insecticides,
• Herbicides,
• Fungicides
Land intensification
![Page 31: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Fertilizers
• Micronutrients
• Lime
• GMOs
• Insecticides,
• Herbicides,
• Fungicides
Amazon Transition Forest 250 species per hectare
Soybean field – 1 dominant specie per hectare
a new style of ecotone…
![Page 32: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sustainable Agriculture
Agroecosystems are a simplification of more complex natural ecosystems
The main goal of sustainable agriculture is to mimic natural ecosystems adding to agroecosystems layers of complexity and increase functional diversity.
Additionaly, sustainable agriculture recognizes the role of neighboring landscapeto provide key services to agriculture
![Page 33: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Agricultural sustainability also includes a series of field management in order to add layers of complexity to agricultural fields.
• No till (cultivo mínimo)• Cover crops, and (adubo verde)• Crop-livestock systems (integração lavoura-
pecuária)• Nutrients management (manejo de
nutrientes)• ZERO DEFORESTATION
![Page 34: Is it possible to conciliate agriculture and environmental ... · It is important to remember that LAC is an important fruit and vegetable producer and the largest coffee exporter](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060816/6095978550700573fb049d2c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)