is it a disease? self diagnosis is the first step
DESCRIPTION
Disease diagnosis begins with the grower. It's like the game of Clue - you must figure out who, where, and how. This presentation helps growers of all kinds gather clues and work though disease diagnosis by the process of elimination.TRANSCRIPT
S T E P 1 : T H E I N V E S T I G AT I V E P R O C E S S
IS THIS A DISEASE?
Step 1: Determine whether the malady is actually a disease
Step 2: Know what to sample and what to do with it
BECOME YOUR OWN INVESTIGATOR
WhereWhoHow
IT’S LIKE PLAYING CLUE
PART 1WHERE?
ROOT
TRUNK
CROWN
TWIG
STEM
LEAF
ENTIRE PLANT
Leaf• Entire leaf• Upper side• New leaves• Leaf margins• Canopy dieback• Inner canopy• Entire plant
WHERE?
Leaf• Entire leaf• Upper side• New leaves• Old growth• Canopy dieback• Inner canopy• Entire plant
WHERE?
Twigs & Branches• Upper canopy• Young twigs• Lower branches
WHERE?
Twigs & Branches• Upper canopy• Young twigs• Lower branches
WHERE?
Trunks & Crowns• Soil line• Upper trunk• Sunken• Callus• Watery and mushy• Dry rot• Girdling
WHERE?
Trunks & Crowns• Soil line• Upper trunk• Sunken• Callus• Watery and mushy• Dry rot• Girdling
WHERE?
Roots• Black roots• No visible roots• Smell• Dry rot• Mushy, wet rot
WHERE?
Roots• Black roots• No visible roots• Smell• Dry rot• Mushy, wet rot
WHERE?
PART 2HOW?
VECTORS
MICRO-CLIMATES
WOUNDS
INOCULUM LOAD
Wounds • Mechanical
wounds• Pruning cuts• Insect damage• Sun scald
HOW?
Wounds • Mechanical
wounds• Pruning cuts• Insect damage• Sun scald
HOW?
Inoculum load • Overwintering
cankers• Poor sanitation• Diseased stock• Fallen leaves
HOW?
Inoculum load • Overwintering
cankers• Poor sanitation• Diseased stock• Fallen leaves
HOW?
Vectors • Aphids• Thrips• Whiteflies• Mites • Nematodes• Borers & beetles
HOW?
Vectors • Aphids• Thrips• Whiteflies• Mites • Nematodes• Borers & beetles
HOW?
Microclimates • Overhead
irrigation• Poor air
circulation• Close spacing• Shady • Foggy• Greenhouse
HOW?
Microclimates • Overhead
irrigation• Poor air
circulation• Close spacing• Shady • Foggy• Greenhouse
HOW?
PART 3WHO?
VIRUS
BACTERIA
FUNGI
WATER MOLDS
Fungi • Leaf spots• Root rots• Cankers• Blights • Visible fruiting
bodies
WHO?
Fungi • Leaf spots• Root rots• Cankers• Blights • Visible fruiting
bodies
WHO?
Fungi • Leaf spots• Root rots• Cankers• Blights • Visible fruiting
bodies• Wilts
WHO?
Bacteria • Leaf spots• Cankers• Blights • Wilts• Scorch
WHO?
Bacteria • Leaf spots• Cankers• Blights • Wilts• Scorch
WHO?
Water Molds • Leaf blotches• Crown rots• Collar rots• Root rots• Mushy smelly
roots• “nibbled” roots
WHO?
Water Molds • Leaf blotches• Crown rots• Collar rots• Root rots• Mushy smelly
roots• “nibbled” roots
WHO?
Viruses • Misshapen leaves• Long internodes• Color changes• Witches broom• Leaf mottling or
marbling • Vein clearing
WHO?
Viruses • Misshapen leaves• Long internodes• Color changes• Witches broom• Leaf mottling or
marbling
WHO?
PART 3SECRET PASSAGES - IMPOSTERS?
DRAINAGE
GEOGRAPHY
NUTRITIONAL
ORIENTATION
WATER MECHANICAL DAMAGE
Nutritional • Stunting• Chlorosis• Discoloration• Decline
IMPOSTERS?
Water availability and drainage• Wilting• Wet feet
IMPOSTERS?
Geography and orientation • Sunscald• Freeze damage• Wet feet• Stunting
IMPOSTERS?
Mechanical damage • Wilting• Stunting
IMPOSTERS?
Insect damage • Chewing insects• Borers• Galls• Sucking insects,
sooty mold• Grub damage
IMPOSTERS?
PART 4MAKE A SUGGESTION - INVESTIGATE
BLIGHTED TWIGS BY STEM CANKER
ROOT ROT BY WATER MOLD
FUNGAL LEAF SPOT
WITCHES BROOM BY VIRUS
WILT FROM DROUGHT
SHADE PLANT IN THE SUN
Put it all together
• Grab a lens• Trace back leaf
blight• Crawl around the
base• Dig• Dump pots
INVESTIGATE
PART 5FILLING THE ENVELOPE
Know what and when to submit • Disease• Insects• Abiotic problems• Whole plants• Leaves• Roots
SAMPLE SUBMISSION?
2010 PLANT DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY FOR WOODY ORNAMENTALS
Cultural 19%
No Disease 28%
Inadequate Spec-imen 1%
Chemical Injury 2%
Pathogen 34%
PLANT DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC LAB
Sample submission
• Use the Disease Description form http://
www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/ext_files/submitting-ppa9.pdf
• Provide early and mid-stages of the problem
• Dead is too late• Dig, don’t pull roots• Submit entire plants when
possible (roots, soil, foliage)• Branches should be 12” long• Use plastic bags
PDDL RESOURCE PAGE
FIRST OF TWO FORMS
About the client
• Contact information• Email address?• Speedy reply
• Agent office receives both copies • Agent forwards
a copy to client
SITE INFORMATION
This form is NOT optional
Describe in detail: • Symptoms• Site history• Cultural practices
Print on yellow paper
WhereWhoHow
ARE YOU READY?
Nicole Ward, Extension Specialist
Department of Plant Pathologywww.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/people/ward.htm
859-218-0720 office859-797-3333 mobile/text
Facebook: UK - Diseases of Fruit Crops, Ornamentals, & Forest Trees
Twitter: @Nicole_WardUK
Blogger: nicolewarduk.blogspot.com