Name_

_____________________ T

ext Stru

cture: Economics

Text is w

ritten differen

tly depen

ding on

the text stru

cture. M

atch th

e correct text stru

cture w

ith each

paragrap

h.

Com

pare a

nd C

ontra

stDescrip

tive

Seq

uen

ceCause a

nd E

ffectProblem

and S

olution

!Ju

lie Mulherin

2016

Text S

tructu

re: _______________________

Peop

le spen

d mon

ey on

both goods a

nd services. A

good is an a

ctual

item th

at y

ou ca

n bu

y like a

toy or a

car. A

service, how

ever, is not a

n a

ctual th

ing. W

hen

you

pay for a

service, you

are p

aying

someon

e to do someth

ing. F

or example, m

owing th

e lawn or dog

walkin

g are services. S

ometim

es a bu

siness ca

n p

rovide both goods

and services. F

or example, a

car sh

op m

ight sell tires a

nd a

lso put

them

on y

our ca

r. Busin

esses can sell both

goods and services a

nd

consu

mers ca

n bu

y both

too.

Text S

tructu

re: ___________________

Stores ch

ange w

hat th

ey sell a

nd h

ow m

uch

th

ings cost ba

sed on w

hat th

e consu

mer w

ants.

This is ca

lled supply a

nd dem

and. T

he su

pply is

the p

roduct th

at ca

n be p

urch

ased a

nd th

e dem

and is h

ow m

any p

eople w

ant th

e produ

ct. Since it is cold in

the w

inter, th

e demand for

swim

suits is low

. This m

eans th

at sw

imsu

its will be ch

eaper in

the w

inter. In

the su

mmer,

how

ever, a lot of p

eople n

eed swim

suits. T

his

high

demand ca

uses sw

imsu

its to cost full

price. O

n a

really

hot da

y, ice crea

m w

ill cost fu

ll price beca

use lots of p

eople w

ant a

cool trea

t. An ice crea

m store m

ight h

ave a

sale on

a cold da

y beca

use th

e demand for ice crea

m

will be low

er.

Text S

tructu

re: _____________________

Running a

busin

ess is hard w

ork! Busin

ess ow

ners h

ave to be very

organized a

nd

determined. T

hey

need to keep

track of a

ll the

expen

ses a bu

siness h

as. T

hey

also n

eed to make

sure to p

ay em

ploy

ees and order en

ough

goods to sell to con

sumers. A

busin

ess owner is in

ch

arge of th

e decisions to m

ake th

eir busin

ess su

ccessful. R

unning a

busin

ess can be very

rew

ardin

g but a

lso takes a

lot of effort.

Text S

tructu

re: ______________________

Imagin

e you

had to p

ay for som

ething very

importa

nt, bu

t you

alrea

dy sp

ent a

ll you

r mon

ey. T

his cou

ld be a big p

roblem. A

budget

can h

elp y

ou orga

nize h

ow y

ou sp

end y

our m

oney

so you

don’t ru

n

out of m

oney

. Budgetin

g you

r mon

ey ca

n h

elp y

ou p

lan for big

expen

ses in th

e futu

re. For exa

mple, goin

g on va

cation

can be very

exp

ensive. T

o solve the p

roblem of a

n exp

ensive trip

, you

can sa

ve a

little mon

ey a

t a tim

e until y

ou h

ave en

ough

.

Text S

tructu

re: ______________________

Mon

ey h

as ch

anged over tim

e. First, p

eople u

sed to trade or ba

rter when

they

wanted som

ething. T

hen

, peop

le began u

sing item

s to act

like curren

cy. F

or example, th

e ancien

t Mayans u

sed to use ch

ocolate

as m

oney

. Next, p

eople crea

ted coins to be u

sed as m

oney

. This m

ade

curren

cy m

ore standa

rd, but it w

eighed a

lot! Later, p

aper m

oney

was u

sed. Toda

y, m

any p

eople p

ay for th

ings w

ith a

credit card or

bankin

g apps. H

ow do y

ou th

ink m

oney

will ch

ange in

the fu

ture?

Economics

Text S

tructu

re: ______________________

Review: Fractions & Decimals

Rewrite the numbers below as a fraction or a decimal.

Numbers less than a whole can be written two ways: as a fraction or a decimal.

a fraction1. a decimal2.210

= 0.2

Since the 2 is above the number 10, write the 2 in the 10ths place.

25100

=0.25

Since the 5 is written in the 100ths place, write a 100 on the bottom.

Name Date

51100

= 510

=63100

=92100

=A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

= = = =

2510

= = =55100

=

73100

= 82100

=710

= =

= = =64100

=

22100

= =4310

= =

110

= 410

= =32100

=

99100

= =210

=74100

=

910

= 810

= =28100

=

0.25 0.4 0.40 0.85

0.15 0.94

0.6 0.45 0.95

0.3

0.79 0.5

0.2

0.1

0.66

© 2007 ­ 2020 Education.comFind worksheets, games, lessons & more at education.com/resources

Use the Place Value Chart to fill in the values below. Write the decimals as their fractional value.

Shade in a fractional part of each of the models. Represent each as a fraction and a decimal.

“QuotationMarks”

© Lindy du Plessis 2015

Quotation marks show direct speech (the exact words of thespeaker).

A new paragraph is used for each new speaker.

Direct speech consists of two parts:

A. The speaker tag• This tells us who is speaking and how they are speaking.

Kelly shouted, “ I want to be on television ! ”

B. The actual words that are being spoken• These words are always enclosed by quotation marks.• The first word always begins with a capital letter.• Punctuation is used before adding the closing set of

quotation marks.

Kelly shouted , “ I want to be on television ! ”

IN DIALOGUE

“Quotation Marks”

© Lindy du Plessis 2015

1. Speaker tag at the beginning:• Write a comma after the speaker tag and then write the spoken words

(use quotation marks).

Kelly shouted , “I want to be on television!”

2. Speaker tag in the middle:• The speaker tag splits the spoken words into two parts.• The second part is called the follow-on sentence.• Use two commas to show that the sentence has been split in two. The

first comma goes inside the first set of quotation marks and thesecond comma goes after the speaker tag.

• The follow on sentence must not start with a capital letter, unless thefirst word is a proper noun or the pronoun “I”.

“Excuse me,” Kelly shouted , “I want to be on television!”

3. Speaker tag at the end:• The spoken words will always end with a comma, exclamation mark or a

question mark, but never a full stop.• Place quotation marks around the spoken words.• Follow the spoken words with the speaker tag.

“I want to be on television!” Kelly shouted.

IN DIALOGUE

• Direct speech can be written in three ways.

• The speaker tag can be at the beginning, in the

middle, or at the end.

Comma 1 Comma 2

© Lindy du Plessis 2015

“Quotation Marks”IN DIALOGUE

Fill in the punctuation:

1. Jack shouted Here I am!

2. Helen said The girls have great ideas!

3. Kelly whispered I’d love more books.

4. Brian stated We definitely need a skate

park.

5. Tim yelled I really want an iPad!

6. Ben exclaimed A bigger

classroom would be nice!

©Julie Bochese, 2018

820L Comprehend Scientific Text Name: _________________________________ Date: _____________

Water All Around

Water is

continuously flowing

through the water cycle.

It falls from the sky as

precipitation to land in

bodies of water. From

there, it evaporates into

the air and condenses to

form clouds before falling

back to the earth as

precipitation again.

Watch for water as

you go through your day.

You’re sure to spot it many times!

Water is all around us. Oceans hold most of the earth’s water, but it can also be found in rivers and lakes as well as in the

atmosphere. It may be hard to believe, but more than 70% of the

earth is covered in water!

Each water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and

one oxygen atom, so we call it H2O. Water is the name for the

liquid, but H2O can also be found as a gas and a solid. When water

is in its gas form, we call it steam. When it is solid, we call it ice.

Water is something we see every day. Liquid water is easy to spot. It fills your water

bottle, flows from your sink, and sprays out of your hose. It also creates the world’s oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, and ponds. On a spring day, you may see it falling from the sky as rain

or resting on the ground as a puddle. Steam (or water vapor) is a bit harder to find. You will

see it rising from a boiling pot of water and also powering an old-fashioned steam engine. Ice

(or solid water) is most abundant in the winter. It covers ponds, creates slippery spots on the

sidewalk, and even falls from the sky as sleet, hail, and snow. But winter’s not the only time for ice. In fact, on a hot summer’s day, you may find ice floating in your lemonade.

Solids, Liquids, and Gases Scavenger Hunt

Directions: Find examples of solids, liquids, and gases in and around your home. Fill out the chart below OR you can take pictures and share with your teacher on Class Dojo. Remember to let us know whether it’s a Solid, Liquid, or Gas and what clues helped you to figure it out!

What I Found Solid Liquid Gas Clues:

Cochrane, Josephine Garis

Cochrane, Josephine Garis (1839-1913), an American inventor, patented the first practicalmechanical dishwasher. Earlier inventors experimented with dishwashing devices. However,these dishwashers did not work well and were never marketed successfully.

Cochrane was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, on March 8, 1839. Her great-grandfather,John Fitch, designed one of the first United States steamboats. Her father, the civil engineerJohn Garis, supervised industrial mills and helped develop Chicago. At age 19, Josephinemarried William Cochran, a wealthy clerk of Shelbyville, Illinois. She later added an e to hernew last name.

Cochrane often found that her fine heirloom china was chipped. She blamed carelessservants and started washing her best plates herself. Her frustration led her to invent amachine to handle the labor-intensive chore. She measured her plates, then designed a rackto hold them securely. The rack sat inside a copper boiler, and jets of soapy water sprayedeach dish. Modern dishwashers use a similar setup, operated by a motor rather than byhand.

With assistance from George Butters, a mechanic, Cochrane developed an experimentalmodel and received her first patent on Dec. 28, 1886. As a woman, Cochrane facedparticular business obstacles, especially in raising money from investors. In 1893,restaurants near Chicago's Columbian Exposition bought nine of the machines, giving hergreat publicity. Judges at the fair’s Machinery Hall awarded it their top prize. Cochrane hopedto persuade families to buy small motor-powered dishwashers to use at home. But themachines remained too expensive for most consumers, and most houses lacked enough hotwater to handle full loads. Her machines sold mostly to hotels, colleges, and restaurants.

Cochrane died on Aug. 3, 1913. In 1926, her company became part of the appliance firmHobart. Its KitchenAid division introduced new household dishwashers in 1949. Themachines finally gained broad popularity, thanks to improved home water heaters,detergents, and prosperity after World War II (1939-1945).

See also Dishwasher.

How to cite this article:To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format:MLA:Bix, Amy Sue. "Cochrane, Josephine Garis."World Book Student, World Book, 2020,www.worldbookonline.com/student-new/#/article/home/753960.

© 2020 World Book, Inc. All rights reserved.WORLD BOOK and the GLOBE DEVICE are registered trademarks of World Book, Inc.

Page 1 of 2

Inventor Biography Using the passage provided about Josephine Cochrane, answer the questions in the graphic organizer below. Then, write a 3 paragraph essay using the graphic organizer (each section is a paragraph). You can write your essay on a sheet of paper or type it on Google Docs. There is also an assignment on Google Classroom that you can type on or attach it to. Send your teacher a message if you need help logging into your Google account.