is basic concepts- fiile 1

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Information systemsInformation systems

Basic conceptsBasic concepts

By C.NagalakshmiBy C.Nagalakshmi


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Topics coveredTopics covered

ConceptsConcepts

Understanding Data & InformationUnderstanding Data & Information

System conceptsSystem concepts

Business as a systemBusiness as a system

Control systemsControl systems Use of Information TechnologyUse of Information Technology


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Data versus InformationData versus Information

1200

100

West

SachinKu

mar

7915

4

TMSho

es

Monthly Sales Report

for West Region

Sales Rep: Sachin kumar

Emp No. 79154

Item Qty Sold Price

TM Shoes 1200 Rs.100


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What is an InformationWhat is an Information

System?System? What is Information?What is Information?

Processed output that is:Processed output that is:OrganizedOrganized

MeaningfulMeaningfulUseful.Useful.

What is Data?What is Data? Random facts that are accepted as inputRandom facts that are accepted as input

to a information system and are storedto a information system and are storedor processed.or processed.


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Characteristics ofCharacteristics of

InformationInformation It supports actions and/or businessIt supports actions and/or business

decisionsdecisions

Perishable commodityPerishable commodity FrequencyFrequency

OffsetOffset

Response timeResponse time Consumable commodityConsumable commodity


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Characteristics of InformationCharacteristics of Information

contdcontd Information is produced ,not storedInformation is produced ,not stored

Information = Data + processingInformation = Data + processing

Changes in informationChanges in information

Information is conveyed through outputsInformation is conveyed through outputs


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arac er s cs oarac er s cs oInformationInformation

ReliableReliable

RelevantRelevantTimelyTimely

CompleteComplete

UnderstandableUnderstandable

VerifiableVerifiable

ValuableValuable Value = Difference between the benefitValue = Difference between the benefitproduced by the information (usually in theproduced by the information (usually in the

form of improved decisions) and the cost ofform of improved decisions) and the cost of

producing it.producing it.


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Attributes of InformationAttributes of Information

QualityQuality


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What is a System?What is a System?

ManufacturingProcess

Input ofRaw Materials

Output ofFinished Products

Environment

Other Systems

Control by

Management

Control

Signals

Control

Signals

FeedbackSignals

FeedbackSignals

System Boundary


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AA systemsystem is an entity consisting ofis an entity consisting of

two or moretwo or more interrelatedinterrelatedcomponents or subsystems thatcomponents or subsystems that

interactinteractto achieve ato achieve a goalgoal..

AA computer-based systemcomputer-based systemisis

comprised of the equipment,comprised of the equipment,

programs, data, and proceduresprograms, data, and proceduresnecessary to complete a given task.necessary to complete a given task.


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TheThe systems conceptsystems conceptrefers to therefers to the

evaluation of alternative courses ofevaluation of alternative courses of

action from the standpoint of theaction from the standpoint of thesystem as a whole rather than that ofsystem as a whole rather than that of

any particular sub-system.any particular sub-system.


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AnAn integrated systemintegrated system combinescombines

previously separated sub-systems.previously separated sub-systems. Eliminates duplication of storage andEliminates duplication of storage and

processing, both manual andprocessing, both manual andcomputer.computer.

For example integrating the separateFor example integrating the separate

processes of preparing customerprocesses of preparing customer

statements, collecting cash fromstatements, collecting cash from

customers and the maintenance ofcustomers and the maintenance of

accounts receivable records.accounts receivable records.


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Open and closed systemsOpen and closed systems

Systems can be classified as either open or closed.Systems can be classified as either open or closed. AnAn open systemopen system is an entity that exchangesis an entity that exchanges

materials, energy or information with its environmentmaterials, energy or information with its environmentor other closely coupled systems.or other closely coupled systems.

AA closed systemclosed system is sealed from its environment; itsis sealed from its environment; itsboundary is impermeable. Since closed systemsboundary is impermeable. Since closed systemscannot replenish resources, they will eventuallycannot replenish resources, they will eventuallybecome disorganized and, because of increasingbecome disorganized and, because of increasingentropy, collapse.entropy, collapse.

Open systems have the potential to prolong theirOpen systems have the potential to prolong theirexistence in a stable environment. To survive in aexistence in a stable environment. To survive in adynamic environment, a system must be open anddynamic environment, a system must be open andadaptive to changeadaptive to change


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What is an InformationWhat is an Information

System?System? AnAn Information SystemInformation System is anis an

organized means of collecting,organized means of collecting,

entering, and processing data andentering, and processing data and

of storing, managing, controlling,of storing, managing, controlling,and reporting information so thatand reporting information so that

an organization can achieve itsan organization can achieve its

objectives and goals. Combinesobjectives and goals. Combines

previously separated sub-systems.previously separated sub-systems.


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Information systemsInformation systems

Formal Information Systems.Formal Information Systems.

Informal Information Systems.Informal Information Systems.

Manual Information Systems.Manual Information Systems.

Automated Information Systems.Automated Information Systems.

Computer-based InformationComputer-based Informationsystems.systems.


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Components of anComponents of an

Information SystemInformation System

M j R l f I f tiM j R l f I f ti


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Major Roles of InformationMajor Roles of InformationSystemsSystems

Support ofStrategic

Advantage

Support ofManagerial

Decision Making

Support ofBusiness Operations


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History of the role ofHistory of the role of

Information SystemsInformation Systems

Data

Processing

Management

ReportingDecision

Support

Strategic &

End UserElectronic

Commerce

1950-1960 1960-1970 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000

ElectronicData

Processing

- TPS

Management

Information

SystemsDecision

Support

Systems

- Ad hoc

Reports

End User

Computing

Exec Info SysExpert Systems

SIS

ElectronicBusiness &

Commerce

-Internetworked

E-Business &

Commerce


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The Internetworked -BusinessThe Internetworked -Business

Manufacturingand

Production

Engineering &Research

Accounting,Finance, andManagement

Suppliers and Other Business Partners

Procurement, Distribution, and Logistics

Advertising Sales Customer Service

Consumer and Business Customers

Company

Boundary

Intranets

The Internet

Extranets

Ex

trane

ts


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Types of InformationTypes of Information

SystemsSystems

Transaction

Processing

Systems

Process

Control

Systems

Enterprise

Collaboration

Systems

Operations

Support

Systems

Management

Information

Systems

Decision

Support

Systems

Executive

Information

Systems

Management

Support

Systems

Information Systems


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Other Categories ofOther Categories of

Information SystemsInformation Systems

Expert SystemsExpert Systems

Knowledge Management SystemsKnowledge Management Systems

Functional Business SystemsFunctional Business Systems

Strategic Information SystemsStrategic Information Systems

Cross-Functional Information SystemsCross-Functional Information Systems

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