is bamar pol annex i

8/10/2019 Is Bamar Pol Annex i

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MARPOL Annex IRegulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil

Tim Wilkins

Regional Manager Asia-Pacific

Environmental Manager

an introduction to theinternational regulations

for the prevention ofpollution by oil

ImagecourtesyofDampskibsselskabetNOR

DEN

AS


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1. MARPOL2. Annex I

i. Regulations and Chapters

ii. Fundamentals

1. Operation

2. Construction


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1. MARPOL

Torrey Canyon 1967 1959 US built, 60,000 dwt, , Li.flagged

Jumboised to 120,000 dwt

Cargo 120,000 ts of BP oil forMilford Haven

Navigational error causedgrounding ripping open 6 tanks

31,000,000 gallons of oil leaked

Oil spread along the seabetween England and France


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1. MARPOL

Amoco Cadiz 1978 1974 built Amoco Cadiz carrying227,000 tonnes of crude oil

ran aground off the coast of Brittany,France at 10:00 p.m. on March 16, 1978

The whole cargo spilled out as the

breakers spilt the vessel in two,progressively polluting 360 km ofshoreline

At the time this was the largest oil spillby tanker ever registered.
http://www.imo.org/Publications/mainframe.asp


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The International Convention for the Preventionof Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)

as amended by the 1978 Protocol (MARPOL 73/78)

Just Oil 1954 OILPOL Convention Operational

Discharge zones (50nm and 100ppm)

Reception facilities

1. MARPOL
http://www.imo.org/Publications/mainframe.asphttp://www.imo.org/Publications/mainframe.asphttp://www.imo.org/Publications/mainframe.asp


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Not just Oil

MARPOL Annexes IVI

I. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil

II. Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substancesin Bulk

III. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful SubstancesCarried by Sea in PackagedForm

IV. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewagefrom Ships

V. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbagefrom Ships

VI. Regulations for the Prevention ofAir Pollutionfrom Ships

1. MARPOL
http://www.imo.org/Publications/mainframe.asphttp://www.imo.org/Publications/mainframe.asp


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MARPOL Implementation

1967 Torrey Canyon

1973-1978 Amoco Cadiz et al.

MARPOL 73 and the Protocol 78

MARPOL enters into force October 1983

Annex I and II - 1983

Annex III1992

Annex V1988

Annex IV2003

Annex VI - 2005

1. MARPOL
http://www.imo.org/Publications/mainframe.asp


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2. Annex I regulations and chapters

39 regulations in 7 chapters to regulate oil pollution from ships (not

just tankers):

1. Ship/Tanker design

2. Ship/Tanker operation


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2. Annex I regulations and chapters

Chapter Regulations

1 1-5 General: Definitions and applications

2 6-11 Surveys and certification: Flag administration and Port State Control(PSC)

3 12-17 Machinery space: Construction, discharge control and equipment(all ship types)

4 18-36 Cargo areas: Construction, discharge control and equipment(oil tankers)

5 37 Shipboard oil pollution emergency plan (SOPEP)

6 38 Reception facilities

7 39 FPSOs and FSUs

39 regulations in 7 chapters to regulate oil pollution from ships (not

just tankers):


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2. Annex I fundamentals; Operation

Discharge of oil at sea (1):

all discharges of oil are prohibited unless certain criteria are satisfied

Machinery space (bilge and sludge)

All ship types

Machinery space Bilge waste: oily water from the bilges

Sludge: waste residue from the filtration of fuel oil

Ship must be en route

Oily mixture must have been processed through the oilfiltering equipment

Oil content of the mixture does not exceed 15 parts permillion (ppm)

Oily mixture is not mixed with cargo residues (see later)


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Cargo space (slops)

Oil tankers

Must be more than 50nm from nearest land (also defined)

30 litres per nautical mile

Discharged through the Oil Discharge MonitoringEquipment (ODME)

Maximum discharge quantity on a ballast voyage shouldnot exceed 1/30,000 of the total quantity of the particularcargo of which the residue formed a part


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Oil discharge monitoring and control systems (tankers)

Regulations 31 & 32

Oil filter equipment (all ship types)

Regulation 14

Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment (ODME)

Oily Water Separators (OWS)

Extensive review of requirements underway at IMO


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Special Areas (1):

All the previous discharge criteria regulates outside a Special Area

Regulation 1 - A Special Area is a sea area where for recognizedtechnical reasons in relation to oceanographic and ecological condition

and to the particular character of its trafficspecial mandatory methodsfor the prevention of sea pollution by [oil] is required.

And as such there shall be NO discharge whatsoever of cargoresidues/slops from oil tankers


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Special Areas (2):

those listed in Annex I:

Baltic Sea 1983

Black Sea 1983

Red Sea not in effect Mediterranean Sea 1983

Gulf of Aden not in effect

Antarctic 1992

Gulfs area Aug 2008

Northwest European waters 1999 Southern South African waters Aug 2008

Oman area of the Arabian Sea not in effect


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Reception facilities:

Regulation 38

Oil loading terminals, repair ports and ports in which ships have oilyresidues to discharge

Port state obligation

Alleged inadequacies


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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction

Tank (ship) construction:

How many hulls


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Exxon Valdez 1989

OPA 90

U.S phase-out from 1995 to 2010 (except for tankers with doublebottoms (db) or double sides (ds), tankers less than 5,000 gross tons andtankers that call at LOOP or Designated Lightering Areas)

IMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 3/1992, entry into force7/1993)

Newbuildings to be double-hulls

Single-hulls to be sbt/pl or hbl from 25 years with phase-out at 30 yearsold or by 2015


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Erika 1999

IMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 4/2001, entry into force9/2002)

Category 1 phase-out up to 2007

Categories 2&3 phase-out at 26 years up to 2015BUT

Flag state may allow newer single-hulls to continue to 25 years (subject to CAS)

HOWEVER

Port state can deny such extended single-hull tankers from entering its ports


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Oil Tanker Categorization

Category 1 pre-MARPOL (pre-1982)

Category 2 MARPOL (post-1982)

Category 3 smaller tankers (5,000-20,000/30,000dwt)


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Prestige 2001

EU Regulation 1726/2003 (entry into force 21/10/2003)


Categories 2&3 phase-out up to 2010

No Heavy Grade Oils (HGO) in single-hulls from 21/10/2003 CAS from 2005 for all Categories 2&3 over 15 years old

IMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 12/2003, entry into force5/4/2005)

13G


Categories 2&3 phase-out up to 2010

CAS required for Categories 2&3 over 15 years old


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Prestige 2001

BUT

Flag state may extend Categories 2&3 up to 2015 or 25th anniversary

(whichever earlier)Flag state may extend Categories 2&3 with db or ds which may trade up to 25thanniversary of delivery (even past 2015)

HOWEVER

Port state may deny entry of either such flag-state-extended tankers13H - Double hull required from 5/4/05 for Heavy Grade Oil as cargo for tankers5,000 dwt and above, and for tankers 600-4,999 dwt (except single-hulls builtwith db and ds) from anniversary date in 2008


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Prestige 2001

BUT

Flag state may allow single-hull 5,000 dwt and above with db or ds to continue

with HGO up to 25th anniversary (even beyond 2015)Flag state may allow single-hull 5,000 dwt and above to continue with HGObetween 900 and 945 kg/cubic meter until 25th anniversary or 2015 whichever isearlier, subject to CAS

Flag state may allow single-hull 600-4,999 dwt to continue with HGO until 25thanniversary or 2015 whichever is earlier

HOWEVER

Port state may deny entry of any of the above mentioned flag-state-extendedtankers carrying HGO


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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

MARPOL (min phase out - trading of SH

until 25 years)EU + no SH after 2010

OPA90


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6

22

5159

67 68 7174 77

94

78

4941

33 32 2926 23

0

20

40

60

80

100

1991

1997

End

02

End

03

End

04

End

05

End

06

End

07

End

10*

DH SH/DB/DS

% dwt share*:

* Assumes phase out

according to

regulations (roundedupw ards, 25 years

after 2010

.


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2. Annex I fundamentals; Miscellaneous

Other key elements to MARPOL Annex I:

SOPEP

Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan

Certification

International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (IOPPC)

Surveys Special Surveys (Enhanced Special Survey)

Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS)

CAS (Applies to oil tankers of 5,000 dwt and above)

CAS will be performed at intervals of up to 5 years and 6 months

First CAS to be undertaken at first renewal (ie special) survey orintermediate survey after 5/4/05 of every tanker which has

reached its fifteenth year CAS is to be harmonised with ESP


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Other key elements to MARPOL Annex I:

Oil Record Book (ORB) Regulation 17 and Appendix III

Part 1: Machinery space operations

Part 2: Cargo space operations

Crude Oil Washing (COW) Fuel tank protectionall ships 2010

Pump room protectiondouble bottom in tankers after 1/1/2007

Oil outflow performance in case of accidentcollision or grounding


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Other key elements to MARPOL\Annex I:

FPSOs/FSUsa. FPSOs and FSUs are not oil tankersand are not to be used for

the transport of oil except that, with the specific agreement bythe flag and relevant coastal States on a voyage basis,

b. Conversion of an oil tanker to an FPSO or FSU or vice versashould not be construed as a major conversionas defined in

regulation 1(8)c. There are five categories of discharges that may be associated

with the operation of an FPSO or FSU:

1. machinery space drainage;

2. offshore processing drainage;

3. production water discharge;

4. displacement water discharge; and

5. contaminated seawater from operational purposes such asproduced oil tank cleaning water, produced oil tank hydrostatictesting water, water from ballasting of produced oil tank to carryout inspection by rafting.


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