Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 6660 (1972): Guide for illustrations in books [MSD 5:Documentation and Information]

IS : 6660· 1972

Indian StandardGUIDE FOR

ILLUSTRATIONS IN BOOKS

UJ)(~ h53533

J5i'

© Copyright 1973

INDIAN Sl~ANDARDS INSTITUTIONMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR l\fARG

NEW DELJiI 1

April 1973

IS 6660 - 1972

Indian StandardGUIDE FOR

ILLUSTRATIONS IN -BOOKS

Documentation Sectional Committee, EC 2

SIIRI B. S. KF.!JAVAN

lOG Rahindra Nav.arNew Delhi -

Members

~fR ~ • .T. ARllt'.SHlRSURI R. Vt1N K A T F.lIW A R A IoJ (All,rncltE)

SJtlU Y. R. CUArmASURI N. (:UA1<RAVARTTY

SUR I C. ;'\f. RAO (AIIt>rtlale)SURI A. DAlt

SHiU A. C. J)A~ GVI'TASURr P. S. RAMACUANf)RA!'I: tAltemat-)

·SIIRI S. N. em"A RAYSURI R. (:. C;t~PTA

DR R. C. GI;PTASIIRf Y. D. SUAR\fA (AllfTmll,)

SHRt T. P. KAPIl-ASURI R. I.. ()AZI (Alternate)

SURI B. w, Kt-I"OILKt\R

SURf S. A. SAPRF. (Allrma/f')SURI KRIStfAN KUMAR~URI R. Knl~I-INAMOORTIlI

SURf K. S. RASAJ)J'; (.11I,T11l1IE)DR S. D. I.IMAYF.

SURI l\{"IMS COPAI.

SltRI n. N, !\fAI.U01'1t ..\

Srrn r V. K. f\fAI.I,YASURI J. o, ~fF_nTA

SURI A. K. ~{tJKERJI

(:OL n. T. :\l'AGRANISURI R. K. AlJROL (A1I,,,wlt)

PROJ: A. NEFI.AMF.l,IIANSUIH (;. IhIATTA(:HARY\'A (AII,nlnl,)

DR 1\f. C. PANT

SIIRI S. })ARTIiAlIARATIiV

StiRI R. S. RAWALSURI ]). u, Roy

SUR! DUANI~ATH RAI (Alluna/t)

Rtprtu,,';nJ!

All Illdia Federation of !\fastt"r Printers, Ilombav

Publications & Information Directorate (CSIR). New DelhiNational (:OIII1(,il of Educational R(~~r-ar(:h & Training (Puhli-

calion Unit), New Delhi -

llrilltilllt & Stationery Department, Government of UttarPradesh

(:hit"f Controller of Printing & Stationery. ~("w Ilt:-lhi

Srt'(' Saraswatv Press Limited, (:akultilNational Archiv(&s of India, Nt'w Ddhil "niveraity Grallts Commission. Nrw 1>(,lhi

Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New De-lhi

Directorate of Printing & Stationery, CO\'ernnl~nt or Maha­rashtra, Bombay

Iudian Council of A~ricultural Research, New DelhiIndian Acadcmv of Printing & Graphic Arts. Bangalore

Commission for Scientific: & Technical Terminology (~linistry

of Education & Social \Veln,r,.), Nrw DelhiPuhl ications Division (Ministry of Information & Broadcasting},

;'\few I>dhiFederation of Publishers & Hook!lr-llt"f§ Associations in India.

New I>dhiNational Rook Trust. New Delhi] Julian Library Association, New De-lhiTimes of India, BombayIustitution of Lngineers (India). Culcutta

Documentation Research & Training Centre. Dan,_lore

1':..ational (:01l11dl of Ednr-atioual Research &. Training (Depart­ment of Science Education), New Delhi

Indian National Scientific' Documentation C(&ntre (CSIR),New ndhi

Thomson Press (lndia) 1.td. f'aricJabadIndian Association of ~pedal Libraries & Information Centres,

Cakulta

• Shri S. N. Guha Ray acted as the Chairman at the IHt.-etiuR in which this document was finalizt"d.

( Cantinued on /lnJ!t 2 )

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTIONMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAllADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI I

IS : 6660. 1972

( COlllinr"d from palt 1 )

MtmhnsSHRJ G. S. SHARMA

SIIR.f B. P, MAl.LAR.AJ lJRS

SHRf D. NAIlAlilSHAJAJI (Allernall)SHIU RAM 1>. TANE}A,

Director (flub)

R,prtsmlingDefence Scientific Information & Documentation Centre

(Miuistrv of Defence), New DelhiOffice of the Director of Printing, Stationery & Publications,

Government of Mvsore, Bangalore

Director General, lSI (EK.Dffitio Member)

StcrtlarySIlRI P. V. GorALAKRIBtlNA!'II

Deputy Director (Pub), lSI

Production of Textbooks Subcommittee, EC 2: 11

Clint·,""SIIRI B. S. KESA\'ANJ06 Rabindra Nagar

N~w Delhi

Alt",hnsMR N. J. ARDESHIR

SHRI R. VENKATESWARAN (A/lf1/1n't)SHR' SAIlANAND BUATICALSUkl N. CHAKRAVARTTY

SHRI C. N. RAO (Allernalt)SIIRI 1\1'. J.. DtrrrSltRI M, 1.. f)UTTA GllPTA.

SHRI S. N. GtlllA RAVSIIRI C. W. KHADILKAR

SHRI S. A. SAPRE (A/lnna!,)SIIRI K RIUlAN KUMARSIIRI K. C. KtTJUYANSIIRI D. N. MAJ.JIOTRA

SltRI S. K. MAI.HOTRASURI U. K. MAI.I.VAPROF A. NEELA.Mt:CHIANSIIRI P. SENSHRI Y. D. SHARMASURf S. K. TUAMHA

All India Federation of l\la'itrr Printers, Bomba}'

Popular Hook Depot, BombavNational Council of Educational Research & Traiuing (Publira

lion Unit), New Delhi

Paper Sectional Committee, cue 15, 1STDirectorate of Advertising &. Visual Publicity (~filli~tI'Y of

Information & Broadcasting}, New DelhiSree Saraswaty Press Ltd, CalcuttaDirectorate of Printing & Stationery, no\,t·rmn..llt of

Maharashtra

Indian Council of Agricultural Researrh , Xl'w Ddhi(:hildren's Book Tru~t. New DelhiFederation of Publishers & Booksellers Associations in India,

New DelhiIndian Paper Makers' Association. CalcuttaNational Hook Trust, New DelhiDocumentation Research & Training Ce-ntre, Han,:(alorf"School of I'riJlting Technology, CalcuttaUniversitv Graut~ Commission, New DelhiSnuthenl'J.anJ('Ua~es Hook Trost, Madra«

Panel for Designing, Composing and Printing, EC 2 : 11: 2

(om/tnn

SHRI A. K. MUKlrRJI

MembnsSHRI M. I". DU1TSHkl D. N. MALIIOTRA

SltRI M. L. GUPTASHRI N. 1\. SF-Till

Times of I Iillia, Bomhav

Paper Se(~tiollal Committee. CDC 15, lSIFederation uf Publishers & Booksellers Associations in India,

Nf~W DdhiChildren's Book Trust, New DelhiAssociated Artists, New Delhi

2

AMENDMENT NO. 1 AUGUST 1975TO

IS I 6660-1972 GUIDE FOR ILLUSTRATIONSIN BOOKS

Alterations

(Page 5, Table I) headings of col 3 and 4- ) - Substitute 'Lines/em'for' Lines/cmf ' and' Lines/in' for' Lines/ins" respectively.

(£02 )

IS : 6660· 1972

Indian Standarda-U-IDE FOR

ILLUSTRATIONS IN BOOKS

o. :f~ 0 R E W 0 R D

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institutionon 6 November 1972, after the draft finalized by the Documentation Sec­tional Committee had been approved hy the Executive Committee,

0.2 Illustrations form an important part of a publication and contribute toits usefulness as well as aesthct ic value. In technical works, illustrations helpto elucidate the text and show details that arc difficult to describe in words.They 11lay bring out functional relationship between variables or make itpossible to cOIIlpare at a glance different sets ofobservations. In publicationsof general interest, their function Jllay also be to capture reader attention.

0.3 1'0 get the best results, it is necessary, that illustrations for reproductionarc prepared and reproduced with care. The process requires close colla­boration among a number of specialists - the artist, the author, the editor,the draftsman, the process technician and the printer. The best resultswould accrue only when all can tributing clcmen ts, such as the quali ty of theoriginal art work, efficiency in processing and the quality of press work andprinting materials like paper and ink meet the desired requirements. Asound knowledge of the possibilities and limitations ofvarious processes avail..able for the portrayal of a subject, techniques of graphic: reproduction,printing methods, qualities of printing materials, etc, is called for to achievebest results.

0.4 This standard is in tended to serve as a guide J(Jr artists, editors, printersand publishers.

0.5 Most of the stipulations regarding design of illustrations in books givenin this standard would also be applicable to a considerable extent to designof illustrations in technical publications.

0.6 A separate glossary relating to printing and publishing industry will bepublished in due course.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This guide specifics requirernents for basic materials for design, thetechniques and limitations in designing; scaling of illustrations; handling;and criteria for selection of photographs and transparencies.

3

IS : 6660 - 1972

2. TYPES OF ILLUSTRATIONS

2.1 Illustrations generally used in books arc of the following types:

a) Line, line and tone, halftone single or multicolour ;b) Artist's drawings wi t h tonal values, single or mult icolour ;c) Photographs, black and white and colour; andd) Colour transparencies, negative and positive.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC MATERIALS FOR DESIGN

3.1 The basic materials for design of illustrations are the fi)llowing-:

a) Paper (see IS : 3064-196'!*) or board;b) Translucent and transparent material including tracing cloth (see

IS : 2037-1962*-), tracing' papet~, acetate film in sheet or roll, etc;c) Brush isee IS : 1103-1963t and IS: II 0'1-196B~) ;d) Air-brush;c) Pen and pencil;f) Tints ;g) Drawing inks (see IS : 7B8-1971Jand IS : 7B9-1971§);h) Colours (including- poster colours) ~

j) Crayons: andk) Dyes,

4. TECHNIQUE, APPROACH AND LIMITAnONS IN DESIGNING

4.1 The technique, approach and limitations in designing rnay he consideredfrom the following two angles:

a) Limitations from designing point. of view, andb) Limitations from reproduction point of view,

4.1.1 The limitations on the artist fen' the technique of designing- a rr- setby the final process of production that is whether by letterpress or off"\etjgravure process and whether on glazed/unglazed or coatcdjuncoatr-d pap~r.

4.1.1.1 If it is by letterpress on uncoated paper, then the artists will haveto prepare the illustrations in line, single colour or morc ; or tint or broadtonal gradation. If coated paper is to be used Ior reproduction, the sket­ches 111ay be in fine line and tone, single colour or multicolour halftone withfine gradations. Alternatively, if the final reproduction is by offset process theartist will have certain amount of freedom in having a wide range of tonalgradations which can be achieved .

• Specification for hand-made drawing paper.•• Specification for tracing doth.t Specification for brushes, artists' ireoised),: Specification for brushes, let tcring (firJt revision),I Specification for ink, drawing, waterproof, coloured (first recision],§ Specification for ink, drawing, waterproof, black (first rerisiony.

4

IS : 6660 - 1972

4.1.1.2 1'0 get satisfactory results of halftone illustrations on differentstocks of paper, the screens, given in 'I'ablc 1, arc suggested for productionunder normal conditions.

TABLE 1 SCREEN RECOMMENDED FOR HALFTONE ILLUSTRATIONSON DIFFERENT STOCKS OF PAPER

PI~INTIN(~ PROCl':SS

J.cttcrpn-ss

()flsel

(l)

UnglazedC_;lazcd(;Iazcd newsprint( loatcdJ Iigh gloss super-white coated

Unglazed(;laz("d(;laz(·d newsprintCnah·dHigh gloss super-white COillcd

SCR f:EN R J<:COMMENI>EI>,-- ...J-.- ~

1.i[)Cs/nll~ I.illl~s/in 2

(3) (4)

:!() 6:j:i·l or ·lO 85 or 1003·1- or ·lO H~) or 100·l(l or 48 100 or 120:j3 133

3·1 B.')'iO or 4B 100 or IlO4H l:!O4B or :)3 120 or l::ti~):i or fiO 13:i or 1:-,0

4.1.1.3 Apart from the points given in 4.1.1 to 4.1.1.2, the designershould also he clear about the primary pllrpOSt~ of illustrations includingwhat it is expected to achieve. 'I'hc designer should keep clearly in viewthe typical advantages and lirnitat ions of the different types of illustrations,drawings, sketches, photographs, lllaps., g-raphs and charts.

4.1.1.4 Graphs and charts should be prepared with care and proportionto ensure clarity and accuracy. Plotting papers arc available in differentgrids for usc"

4.1.2 Limiiationsfrom /~eprodurti()1l Point oj"J/iflV4.1.2.1 Line illustrations . The following points may be considered:

a) The thickness of the lines should he commensurate with the deg-ree ofreduction required. The lines should not be too closely spaced,otherwise there is risk of 'filling up' during printing.

h) Areas ill solid ink should he uniform throughout. 'I'hc portions re­quired to be shaded should be marked ont and the type of hatchingindicated. In case the shading is through tints, full details of thetint specification required shall be provided. After the tints havebeen laid, the contour lines drawn to mark out the area should beremoved carefully.

c) A black drawing on white paper may be reversed by the processtechnician and rendered as a white design on a black ground. Inthis case, the designer should show the contours and limits of theintended black ground with a boundary line for guidance.

5

IS I 6660· 1972

d) While making line and tone combined art work, instead of drawingthe lines on the main art work they should be drawn on a separatepiece of tracing paper.

4.1.2.2 Halftone illustrations---- For satisfactory reproduction the originalshould be clean and in case ofphotographs it should be a sharp glossy print.For economy in reproduction, illustrations or photographs for usc in publi­cations should be so prepared that they could be processed together as far aspossible.

4.1.2.3 For reproduction from already printed illustrations or photo­graphs (where such a course becomes necessary) to get satisfactory resultsit is desirable to employ an intermediary process to prepare a continuous tonenegative/positive before they are finally reproduced. "Vhere the illustrationis ofcoarse screen, it rnay be treated as a line original.

4.1.2.4 Multicolour work

a) It is not necessary to have a multicolour art work, a black and whitekey drawing would do. The key drawing should be provided witha rough colour key sketch for guidance.

b) The colours used by the artists and the inks used by the printers some­times differ. Some of the colours used by the artist are difficult toreproduce. Excessive use of poster white in multicolour drawingposes difficulties to the printer for exact matching of colours.

c) Where a number of transparencies arc required to be printed in thesame forme, the colour balance should be borne in mind (they shallhave a degree of uniformity among themselves with regard to thedetails mentioned in 8.2 to 8.8) as otherwise their reproduction wouldpose a major problem, The process technician may also be advisedabout all such transparencies so as to prepare sets of reproducti011 ofsimilar strength to minimize the difficulty at the printing stage.

5. SCALING OF ILLUSTRATIONS

5.1 For better results, illustrations especially those with finer details shouldbe of twice the size in which they are required to be reproduced. However,simple illustrations in same size are acceptable. Blowing up of original forreproduction purposes should be avoided as far as possible. Reduction ofillustrations to half the size is recommended but under no circumstances itshould exceed one-fourth the size.

6. LETTERING IN ILLUSTRATIONS

6.1 When illustrations are to be reduced· to a smaller scale the size and spac­ing of letters in the original illustrations should be proportionately enlargedto permit legibility.

6.2 Serif type faces should be avoided.

6

IS : 6660· 1972

7. HANDLING

7.1 Art work, photographs, etc, shall be handled with care and shall be keptflat and not folded. They may preferably be sandwiched between hardcardboards. Art work Inay be easily spoiled through careless handling,trimming, marking, attaching clips, etc. All corrections and instructionsshould be marked on the overlay only.

7.2 The package or envelope for the art work, photograph, etc, shall beslightly bigger (preferably 25 mm on all sides).

7.3 To avoid scratches, finger prints, etc, transparencies should always bemounted.

8. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS ANDTRANSPARENCIES

8.1 Photographic original should as far as possible be sharp with good con­trast value OIl glossy bromide paper. The matt and pattern bromidesshould not be selected as they will not have as good reproductionvalue.

8.2 The transparencies to be selected should have colours faithful to theoriginal subject and its moods. Transparencies should have adequatemiddle tones for good reproduction. High contrast transparencies are notsuitable.

8.3 The transparency should he sharp which means that when viewedunder a magnification of X 8, the details and depth should be crisp. Therequired subject should stand out in cornparison to the supportingclements.

8.4 All the colours in the transparencies should be well balanced and ofadequate strength. Any adjustrncnt ofany individual colours lacking in theoriginal transparency is not practicable at the proofing and reproducingstage. It is not easy for the technician 'to add more of red here and reduceblue there' at the time of final printing.

8.5 Transparencies should be examined from the right side, that is, theemulsion side is kept away. ~-

8.6 All persons working with colour transparencies should use transparencyviewer with similar standard light source, namely, fluorescent tubes/bulbs.

8.7 In book production work, original transparencies should not be less than6x6 em.

8.8 Duplicate transparencies are not as good as originals for reproductionand should be avoided.

7

IS : 6660· 1972

9. EXAMPLES OF ILLUSTRATIONS

9.1 Typical examples of the following arc given:

a) Fine line work (see Fig. 1 and 2),b) Photograph with good tonal values for reproduction (see :Fig. 3),c) Photograph with poor tonal values not fit for reproduction (see Fig. 4),d) Ordinary line and screen illustration (see Fig, 5), ande) Four-colour line art work developed from black and white art work

(see Fig. 6).

8

9

tr.o

IS : 6660 • 1972

IS I 6660 • 1972

FIG. 2 ANOTHER TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF li1NE LINE WORK

10

IS : 6660· 1972

11

IS -6660· 1972

Flo. 4 A TYPICAL F..xAMPLI'~ OF PHOTOGRAPH WITH POOR 'rONAL VALUhS NOT FrrFOR R~PR.ODUCTI0N

12

IS : 6660· 1972

Fro. 5 A 'l'vPICAL EXAMPLE OF ()RDINAKY l.INI': AND SCREEN llLt'STRATTON

13

IS : 6660. 1972

FlO. 6 A FOUR-COLOUR. LINE AR.T WORK DEVELOPED FROM BLACK AND WHITE ART WORK

15

INDIAN STANDARDSONDOCUMENTATION

IS:

4-1963 Guide for layout of learned periodicals (revised)12-1964 Guide for drafting Indian Standards (second rel1i,)'io,,)18-1970 Guide for abbreviations of words in titles of periodicals using

Roman alphabet (first revision)382... 1952 Practice for alphabetical arrangement790-1956 General structure of preliminary pages of a book ([ttllalive)i91-1956 Half-title..leafofa book (t.etllalive)792..196,1 Title-page and back of title-page ofa book ('revised)794-1956 Practice for table of contents (1t:'1tlatizJe)

795-1956 Canons for making abstracts796-1966 Glossary of cataloguing terms (jir..ft revision)

1250-1958 Proof corrections for printers and authors1275-1958 Rules for making alphabetical indexes1358-1967 Practice for layout of library catalogue code (first yevisio1l)2381-1963 Recommendations for bibliographical reference2550-1963 (}lossary ofclassiHeation terms3050..1965 Code of practice for reinforced binding of library books and

periodicals3083-1966 Code of practice for the processing of microfilms (silver halide)31:30.. 1972 Code of practice for llanelli ng and storage of microtransparencics

(microfilrn and microfiche) (.fir.~'t recision )4·i3l-19G8 Guide lor preparation of manuscript of an article in a learned

periodical6298-1971 Guide lor selection of type and page layout in textbooks6299-1971 (~ujdt: lor handling, testing and storage of monochrome photo­

graphic prints6660-1972 Guide fc>r illustrations in hooks6666-1972 Frequency notation for periodical puhlications

Ahmedabad 1Bangalore 2Bombav 7Calcutta 13

. Hyderabad 1Kanpur 5,Madras 2

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTIONManak Shavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,Telephone : 27 01 31 (20 lines)

Branch Offices:''Sadhna', Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, KhanpurF Block, Unity Bldg, Narasimharaja Square534 Sardar Ballabhbhai Patel Road5 Chowringhee Approach6-9-201/2-A ( First Floor), Chirag Ali Lane117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar64 General Patters Road

New Delhi 1Telegrams : Manaksanstha

Telephone2 03 912 76 49

35 69 4423-08 02

5 34 3582 72

8 72 78

PRINTED AT SREE SARASWATY PRESS LTD., CA-LCUTTA"9