is 483 information systems management james nowotarski 24 april 2003
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IS 483Information Systems Management
James Nowotarski
24 April 2003
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• Recap Assignment 1• Finish distributed architectures/infrastructures• Understand fundamentals of network management• Review logistics for Assignments 2, 3
Today’s Objectives
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Topic Duration
• Recap Assignment 1 & Quiz 10 minutes
• Recap distributed architectures 10 minutes
• Network management basics 45 minutes
*** Break 10 minutes
• Guest speaker: IT planning/arch 45 minutes
*** Break 5 minutes
• Service level agreements 30 minutes
• Quiz 15 minutes
• Assignments 2,3 15 minutes
Today’s agenda
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Topic Duration
• Recap Assignment 1 & Quiz 10 minutes
• Recap distributed architectures 10 minutes
• Network management basics 45 minutes
*** Break 10 minutes
• Guest speaker: IT planning/arch 45 minutes
*** Break 5 minutes
• Service level agreements 30 minutes
• Quiz 15 minutes
• Assignments 2,3 15 minutes
Today’s agenda
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Topic Duration
• Recap Assignment 1 & Quiz 10 minutes
• Recap distributed architectures 10 minutes
• Network management basics 45 minutes
*** Break 10 minutes
• Guest speaker: IT planning/arch 45 minutes
*** Break 5 minutes
• Service level agreements 30 minutes
• Quiz 15 minutes
• Assignments 2,3 15 minutes
Today’s agenda
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IT Architecture and IT Infrastructure
Applications and Data
Reusable Technical Architecture
Hardware/Network
System SoftwareIT Architecture
IT Infrastructure
• Presentation logic• Application logic• Data management
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IT Architecture vs. IT Infrastructure
IT Architecture IT Infrastructure
Level of Abstraction
Scope• Tech architecture• System software• Hardware/Network
IT Architecture + IT roles, organization+ IT processes
• Blueprint• Policies, rules
Implemented capabilities
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Benefits of Architecture
• Productivity• Consistency• Quality• Rapid delivery• Maintainability• Interoperability• Reduces complexity• Leverages scarce skills
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Where Does Internet Fit?
DataManagement
ApplicationLogic
Presentation
Presentation
Presentation
DataManagement
ApplicationLogic
DataManagement
ApplicationLogic
DataManagement
DataManagement
ApplicationLogic
Presentation
ApplicationLogic
Presentation
DataManagement
ApplicationLogic
Presentation
Network
DistributedPresentation
RemotePresentation
DistributedFunction
Remote DataManagement
DistributedDatabase
Thickness of Client
Thin Thick
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3-Tier Distributed Architecture
WorkstationEnterpriseServer
WAN
WorkgroupServer
LAN
• Presentation • Application logic • Data management
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n-Tier Example
BankCustomers
Internet
InternetFirewall
WebServer
ApplicationFirewall
AppServer
DBServer
LegacyMainframe
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Comparison of n-tier relative to 3-tier
Advantages• Better load balancing on different servers• More scalable
Disadvantages• Potentially greater load on network• More complex to implement• More hardware and network components ($$$)
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Solution “Stack”
Applications and Data
Reusable Technical Architecture
Hardware/Network
System Software
Examples
Dell, HP, Sun, EMC, CiscoAT&T, Sprint, WorldComPublic Internet
MiddlewareWebSphere, CICS TSApacheJ2EEDB2, Oracle, SQL Server Linux, Unix, Windows, z/OS
Claims, Payroll, CRM, ERP
Component-Based Architecture for Microsoft (Accenture)
overlap
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Middleware
Types of Middleware
• Network middleware
– Procedure calls over a network
– Example: Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs), ORBs
• Conversational middleware
– Transparent conversion of text, graphics, data
– Example: Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
• Transaction Processing
– Transaction management services to support processing of high volumes of transactions
– Example: CICS TS
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Middleware
Types of Middleware (cont.)
• SQL and Database Middleware
– Applications can connect to several different databases using one programming interface
– Example: Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
• GUI Middleware
– Applications can support multiple GUIs across a network
– Example: X Windows
• Messaging Middleware
– Distributing data and control through synchronous or asynchronous messages
– Example: IBM MQSeries
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IT Management Issues Associated with Distributed Architectures
• Migrating from legacy (mainframe) to distributed architecture:
Three major business issues1. Cost2. Resources3. Risk
Five typical alternatives1. Replatforming2. Screen scraping3. Replace with package4. Build from scratch5. #4 plus business process reengineering
• Support and maintenance issues– Training and standards– Robust, fault tolerant components (lack thereof)– Service level monitoring and troubleshooting
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Topic Duration
• Recap Assignment 1 & Quiz 10 minutes
• Recap distributed architectures 10 minutes
• Network management basics 45 minutes
*** Break 10 minutes
• Guest speaker: IT planning/arch 45 minutes
*** Break 5 minutes
• Service level agreements 30 minutes
• Quiz 15 minutes
• Assignments 2,3 15 minutes
Today’s agenda
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Network Management
Definition
The set of activities required to plan, install, monitor and maintain all network components in order to achieve specified service levels reliably, at an acceptable and agreed cost
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Importance of business focus in network solutions
• Network is critical to lifeline of the business, must meet business needs
• A complete solution involves managing the network and all its components, which includes the business processes and user’s needs
• Administrators will need to proactively manage the network instead of reacting to user’s complaints
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Importance of business focus in network solutions
What business requirements are driving business network needs today?
Business Driver Network Impact
Reduce operational costs Consolidate network infrastructure
Outsource
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Network management architecture
Source: Cisco
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Elements of Network Management Architecture
• End stations (managed devices)– send alerts when problem is recognized– examples: routers, access servers, switches,
bridges, hubs, computer hosts, printers
• Management entities– gather information from managed devices (via
agents)– log and react to network events– present status info and alerts to network operator– perform tests
• Agents– software modules that reside within managed
devices and gather and store information
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Elements of Network Management Architecture (cont.)
• Network management protocol– protocol used by agent and management entity to
exchange information– Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is
near universal standard for private networks– Telecommunications Management Network (TMN)
is gaining popularity in the more heterogeneous world of public networks
• Proxies– represent network managed devices
• Management database– repository of information collected by agent (alarms
outstanding, performance data, etc.)– complex and high-volume information (oo
databases being used)
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Network Management Functions
• Fault management
• Configuration management
• Accounting management
• Performance management
• Security management
Source: International Standards Organization (ISO)
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Network Management Functions
Fault Management
• Detection• Isolation• Diagnosis• Correction
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Network Management Functions
Configuration Management
• Analyzing impact of changes• Installing changes• Controlling changes
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Network Management Functions
Accounting Management
• Track network usage (no abuse of privileges)• Monitor operating costs
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Network Management Functions
Performance management
• Establish performance goals• Collect and analyze performance data• Assess actual performance relative to goals• Identify areas for improvement (capacity, network
design, etc.)
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Network Management Functions
Security Management
• Control access to network• Report, diagnose, and correct security breaches
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• Annual cost of owning and operating a network
16% - cost of network equipment
84% - ongoing operating expenses, most of this is the support organization
Network Management Costs
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Topic Duration
• Recap Assignment 1 & Quiz 10 minutes
• Recap distributed architectures 10 minutes
• Network management basics 45 minutes
*** Break 10 minutes
• Guest speaker: IT planning/arch 45 minutes
*** Break 5 minutes
• Service level agreements 30 minutes
• Quiz 15 minutes
• Assignments 2,3 15 minutes
Today’s agenda
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Topic Duration
• Recap Assignment 1 & Quiz 10 minutes
• Recap distributed architectures 10 minutes
• Network management basics 45 minutes
*** Break 10 minutes
• Guest speaker: IT planning/arch 45 minutes
*** Break 5 minutes
• Service level agreements 30 minutes
• Quiz 15 minutes
• Assignments 2,3 15 minutes
Today’s agenda
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Service Level Agreements
Definition
Contract that details the level of service required from a service provider to the user of those services
2 Types of SLA’s
• Internal • External
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Management of Systems Environments
Users
Service Management
SLA
Vendors Developers
SystemsManagement• Network Mgmt• Server Mgmt• etc.
Internal SLAExternal SLA
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Service Level Agreements
Service ServiceType of SLA Provider User
Internal IT network End user group group (i.e., business unit)
External Vendor End user group-- IT network group coordinates
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Service Level Agreements
• Clearly articulate and document the level of service that users of the computing environment expect to receive
• Should be used to drive out the requirements for the service provider organization
• Clarifies the business objectives and constraints for an application system
• Require an accurate way of measuring the service levels achieved
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Service Level Agreements
Table of Contents
• Dates (start, expiration)
• Types of services provided
• Service measures
• Roles/Responsibilities (provider, consumer)
• Resources needed and/or costs charged
• Reporting mechanism
• Signatures
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Service Level Agreements
Table of Contents
• Dates (start, expiration)
• Types of services provided
• Service measures
• Roles/Responsibilities (provider, consumer)
• Resources needed and/or costs charged
• Reporting mechanism
• Signatures
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Service Level Agreements
Disciplines
Performance Management
Configuration Management
Availability
Reliability
Response time
Application versions & enhancements
Accounting Management Reporting procedure
Fault Management Incident management, e.g., • database failure• workstation failure
Security Management
Recovery ManagementBackup
Recovery
Capacity Planning
Online Systems
Batch SystemsOutput handling
Schedule execution
Service Types
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Service Level Agreements
• How many are needed?
• Do they contain primarily business or technical language?
• How are they used?
• What are consequences if SLA not met?
– To the service provider
– To the service user (i.e., the business)
• In an internet environment, what are challenges experienced in the creation of effective SLAs?
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Topic Duration
• Recap Assignment 1 & Quiz 10 minutes
• Recap distributed architectures 10 minutes
• Network management basics 45 minutes
*** Break 10 minutes
• Guest speaker: IT planning/arch 45 minutes
*** Break 5 minutes
• Service level agreements 30 minutes
• Quiz 15 minutes
• Assignments 2,3 15 minutes
Today’s agenda
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Topic Duration
• Recap Assignment 1 & Quiz 10 minutes
• Recap distributed architectures 10 minutes
• Network management basics 45 minutes
*** Break 10 minutes
• Guest speaker: IT planning/arch 45 minutes
*** Break 5 minutes
• Service level agreements 30 minutes
• Quiz 15 minutes
• Assignments 2,3 15 minutes
Today’s agenda
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• Operations Management
• See web site for reading
• Quiz on Operations Management
• End user training (start)
Topics for May 1
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End of slides