is-341 introduction to artificial intelligence
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IS-341 INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. Semester II (2010-11) Introduction: Chapter 1. IS- 341. Homepage : http://sites.google.com/site/pnuis341/ - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
IS-341INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Semester II (2010-11)Introduction: Chapter 1
IS- 341 Homepage
: http://sites.google.com/site/pnuis341/ Visit the web page for schedule, lecture notes,
tutorials, assignment, grading, office hours, etc.Textbook: S. Russell and P. Norvig Artificial
Intelligence: A Modern Approach Prentice Hall, 2003, Second Edition
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OutlineCourse overviewWhat is AI?A brief historyWhat AI can do today ?
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Intelligence? What do you believe what intelligence is?
Is it intelligent to think like a human? Is it intelligent to act like a human? Is “human” equivalent to “intelligent”?
Intelligence = Knowledge + feel, understand, process, communicate, judge, and learn
Characteristics of Intelligence Ability to Communicate� Internal Knowledge� Ability to Learn� Self Awareness�
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Artificial Intelligence Tasks Problem Solving
Find a solution to a given problem Find the shortest route from KFUPM to PNU Assign pilots to flights so that costs are minimized Devise a plan to get an A+ in IS 341
Reasoning Express your knowledge and derive hypotheses Proof mathematical theorems Make “justifiable” decisions in uncertain environments
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Artificial Intelligence Tasks Learning
Adjust an internal representation so that it is in accordance with observations made
Revise Newton’s idea of space and time after observing that light travels at a constant speed
InteractionCommunicate
Understand spoken languagePerceive
Look at a photo an identify TrinityAct
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AI in Action !!Applications of AI
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Acting humanly: Turing TestTuring (1950) "Computing machinery and intelligence":"Can machines think?" "Can machines behave
intelligently?"Operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation Game
Predicted that by 2000, a machine might have a 30% chance of fooling a lay person for 5 minutes
Anticipated all major arguments against AI in following 50 years
Suggested major components of AI: knowledge, reasoning, language understanding, learning
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AI prehistory Philosophy Logic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical
system foundations of learning, language,rationality
Mathematics Formal representation and proof algorithms,computation, (un)decidability, (in)tractability,probability
Economics utility, decision theory Psychology phenomena of perception and motor control,
experimental techniques Computer building fast computers
engineering Control theory design systems that maximize an objective
function over time
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Abridged history of AI1943 McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain1950 Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" 1956 Dartmouth meeting: "Artificial Intelligence"
adopted1952—69 Look, Ma, no hands! 1950s Early AI programs, including Samuel's checkers
program, Newell & Simon's Logic Theorist, Gelernter's Geometry Engine
1965 Robinson's complete algorithm for logical reasoning1966—73 AI discovers computational complexity
Neural network research almost disappears1969—79 Early development of knowledge-based systems1980-- AI becomes an industry 1986-- Neural networks return to popularity1987-- AI becomes a science 1995-- The emergence of intelligent agents
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What AI Systems can do today?Planning:
DARPA's DART system used in Desert Storm and Desert Shield operations to plan logistics of people and supplies.
European space agency planning and scheduling of spacecraft assembly, integration and verification.
Speech Recognition:Computer Vision:
Face recognition programs in use by banks, government, etc.
Handwriting recognition.
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What AI Systems can do today? Game Playing:
Computer programs beat world’s best players in chess e.g Deep Blue by IBM
Playing “Jeopardy” – question answering
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