Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

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“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 3025-57 (2005): Methods of sampling and test (Physicaland chemical) for water and wastewater, Part 57: BORON [CHD32: Environmental Protection and Waste Management]

IS 3025( Part 57 ) :2005

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Indian Standard

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METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST ( PHYSICALAND CHEMICAL ) FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER

PART 57 BORON

(First Revision

I.CS 13.060.50

@ BIS2005

B[JREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

,Teptemlxw 2005 Price Group 4

Environment Protection and Waste Management Sectional Committee, CHD 32

,

FOREWORD

This [ndian Standard ( Part 57 ) ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, afterthe draftfinalized by the Environment Protection and Waste Management Sectional Committee had been approved by theChemical Division Council.

Boron is not found free in nature but is always bound to oxygen. It occurs generally as orthoboric acid and asalkali metal and alkaline earth metal berates. Boron constitutes only about 3 ppm of the earth’s crust. The naturalborate content of ground water, and surface water is usually small, The borate content of surface water can besignificantly increased as a result of wastewater discharges, because borate compounds are ingredient of domesticworking agents. Naturally occurring boron is present in ground water primarily as a result of leaking from rocksand soils containing berates and borosilicates. Concentration of boron in ground water throughout the worldrange widely <023 to >100 nlg/1. The majority of Earth’s boron occurs in the oceans, with an average concentrationof 4.5 mg/1. The amount of boron in fresh water depends on geochemical nature of the drainage area, proximity tomarine coastal region and inputs from industrial and municipal effluents. As per IS 10500: 1991 ‘Drinking water —Specification ( firs/ reviLSio/7 )’. the permissible limits for boron in the drinking water is 1 mg/1, Max.

l’he Co]nmittee responsible for the formulation of IS 3025:1964 had decided to revise the standard and publish it

in separate parts. This standard supersedes 29 of IS 3025: 1964.

In the preparation of this standard considerable assistance has been derived from the following publications:

a) N. Howell Furman. Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis, Vol (1), D. Van Nostrand Company Inc. .1962p. 209-238

b) Hayes M. R. and Metcalfe J.. Analyst, 1962.87 ( 956)

c) Harrison T. S and Coff W. D., Analyst, 1966,9 I ( 576)

d) Nemodruk A. A. and Karalova Z, K. Analytical Chemistry of Boron. Ann Arbor, London 1969

e) Kolthoff I. M. Elving P. J. and Robert S, Braman, Treatise On Analytical Chemistry P-11, Vol. XI, Interscience

Publications

f) Sangita D. Kumar, B, Maiti and P. K. Mathur, Analytical Chemistry 1999,7 I ( 2551 )

g) A. Tapparo, P. Pastore_and G. G, Bombi, Analyst, 1998, 123( 177 I )

Method prescribed in 1S0 9390:1990 ‘Water quality — Determination of borate -- Spectrophotometric methodusing azomethine — H’ is applicable to potable water and to ground, surface and saline waters that are not heavilypolluted. This method is incorporated in 1S 13428:1998 ‘Packaged natural mineral water— Specification (,firs[/“evisiOf7 )’.

‘The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.

In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed orcalculated, is to be rounded off. it shall be done in accordance with IS 2: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numericalvalues ( revised )’,

/

Indian Standard

METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST (

1S 3025( Part 57 ): 2005

PHYSICAL

AND CHEMICAL ) FOR WATER AND WASTEWATERPART 57 BORON

(First Revision )

1 SCOPE

This standard ( Part 57 ) describes the followingfive methods for the determination of boron in waterand wastewater:

a) Titration method,

b) Coiorimetric curcumin method,

c) Flow injection method,

d) Ion chromatographic method, and

e) Inductively coupled plasma atomic emissionspectrometric method ( ICPAES ).

2 REFERENCES

The following standards contain provisions, whichthrough reference in this text, constitute provisionof this standard, At the time of publication, the editionsindicated were valid. All standards are subject torevision and parties to agreements based on thisstandard are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof applying the most recent editions of the standardsindicated below:

IS No. Title

264:1976 Nitric acid ( secorrdrevision )

7022 Glossary of terms relating to water,( Part 1 ): 1973 sewage and industrial effluents,

Part 1

7022 Glossary of terms relating to water,( Part 2 ): 1979 sewage and industrial effluents,

Part 2

3 TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this standard, definitions givenin IS 7022( Part I ) and 7022( Part 2 ) shall apply.

4 SAMPLE PRESERVATION

The sample bottles should be cleaned thoroughlywith 6N HN03 prior to final rinsing with deionizedwater. The water samples should be collected andstored in polythene or silica containers. Forpreservation, the sample should be acidified with HCI( 2 ml AR grade concentrated HC1 in one Iitre ofsample to bring down the pH below 2 ). For theanalysis by flow injection or ion chromatographic

method, the presentation time should be minimizedand the acidification .o.f the sample should beavoided. The sample should be filtered through0.45 v membrane filter before the analysis.

5 TITRATION METHOD.

5.1 Principle

In acidic aqueous medium, boron in the solution ispresent as boric acid. Being a weak acid (PH = 9.2 ),it cannot be titrated satisfactorily against sodiumhydroxide. However, if certain polyhydroxycompounds like mannito.1 are added, boric acidforms a strong monobasic acid complex, which canbe titrated with a standard alkali, using phenol-phthalein indicator.

5.2 Apparatus

5.2.1 Glassware, 250-ml beakers, glass rods, watchglass, 50-ml burette.

NOTE —.Clean all glassware with potassium bichromatesulphuric acid cleaning solution.

5.3 Reagents

5.3A Quality of Reagents

Unless otherwise specified, pure chemicals and COZfree distilled water shall be used.

NOTE — ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals thatdo not contain impurities which affect the results ofanalysis.

5.3.2 Boric Acid Crystals, AR Grade

5.3.3 Mannitol, AR Grade

5.3.4 Sodium Hydroxide Solution — 0.1 N ( C02-free ).

5.3.5 Phenolphthalein Indicator — 1 percentin 50 percent ethanol.

5.3.6 Methyl Red Indicator — 1 percent in 50 percentethanol.

5.3.7 Hydrochloric Acid — 6 N.

5.4 Procedure

5.4.1 Standurd~zation qf the Alkali

Weigh accurately 100 mg of boric acid crystals

I

IS 3025( Part 57 ) :2005

in a 250-lml beaker and dissolve it in 200 ml distilledwater. Add a few drops of methyl red indicator

solution and neutralize the solution with justenough NaOH to get a yellow colour. Add about4 g of mannitol and shake well to dissolve the solid.

Add 1ml phenolphthalein indicator solution andtitrate with 0, IN NaOH till a permanent pink colouris obtained. The factor ( that is, mass of boron in gconsumed by each ml of (}.1N NaOH ) is calculatedas given in 5.4.3,

5.4.2 A na[j,,vi,sof ‘.Tomp[e.

Take the filtered sample solution ( 25 ml to 50 ml

depending on the boron content ) in a beaker, add.3-4 drops of methyl red indicator. Add sodium

hydroxide solution cautiously until the yellow

colour of the indicator remains. All iron and aluminittmwill be precipitated at this point.

NOI’E— “1’hisscpamtion c;In he replaced hy equilibmting

the sample solution with a strong cation e~changc resin

( Amk-lite 11{ – 120 ) in 11- form. if the sample solution

contains metsrl ion impurities in small amounts.

Heat the solution gently and allow it to stand for

15 min. Filter off iron and aluminium hydroxide andwash it with hot water. Acidify the filtrate with HCI

and heat it at simmering temperature for 10-15 minin a covered beaker. Neutralize the solution and the

cover rinsing and washings with alkali to a yellowcoiour. Now add 3-4 g of mannitol and I mlphenolphthalein and titrate with standard alkali toa pink colour. Add 1 g of mannitol, if the pink colour

disappears, add more alkali and I g mannitol until apermanent end point is obtained. A blank determination

is carried out in exact]y the same manner.

5.4.3 Culcula(ions

a) Factor(g B/ml of O. IN NaOH) =10,81 X/t

61.81XV0

where

A = mass of boric acid taken forstandardization of alkali, and

P’, = volume ot’O. lN NaOH consumed

by (A): of boric acid.

factor x h’lb) Boron content ( g/ml ) =

v.~

where

VI = titre value ( sat~ple – blank ), and

k’? = volume ot’sample aliquot used for

analysis.

5.5 Precision and Accuracy

The accuracy of the titrimetric method is +5 percent

for the determination ot’ 0.02-0.2 m: of boronand for larger amounts of boron the precision is+ 0,1 percent.

6 CALORIMETRIC CURCUMIN METHOD

6.1 Principle

6.1.1 The sample solttt ion is evaporated to drynessin the presence of sodium hydroxide. The curcttminin acetic acid is then added to it. On acidificationwith sulphuric acid-acetic acid reagent mixture, the

curcumin is protonated and reacts with boric acidforming a coloured complex. The unreacted curcuminis then deprotonated with acetone and watermixture.

6.1.2 This method is applicable for satnples containingtrace quantities of boron.

6.2 Apparatus

6.2.1 Beukcrs, polyethylene.

6.2.2 Polylelrqjllioro tli)>lene ( PTFE ) Rods

6.2.3 Spectrl)[jll(j{(jmeter, for use at 555 nm, lightpath 1 ctn.

6.3 Reagents

6.3.1 Curcumin Reagent — 0.125 percent in glacialacetic acid. Dissolve 0.125 g curcumin in 100 ml glacialacetic acid with stirring. Store in a plastic container.

6.3.2 Sulphuric Acid-Acetic Acid Reugen(( I: I Mixture ) –- Add slowly 50 ml concentrated

stdphuric acid to 50 ml of ice cold glacial acetic acid

and mix well.

6.3.3 Sodium Hydro.~ide Solution ( 10 percen[w/v )— Dissolve O.1430 g sodiutn hydroxide pelletsin 100 ml of distilled water in a boron free glass beakerand store it in a plastic container.

6.3.4 Standard Boron Solution ( 1 pg B/ml ) —Dissolve 0.143 0 g boric acid in distilled waterand make up to 250 ml ( that is 100 pg B/ml ). Dilute10 tnl of this solution to 1 litre with distilled water( 1 pg B/m]).

NOTE — Boric acid looses weight on drying at 1050(’.

Keep boltle sk)ppered to prevent entry of moisture.

6.3.5 Acetone und Water Mixture ( 1 :1 ) –- 50 mlacetone is mixed with 50 ml water.

6.4 Procedure

6.4.1 Calihra(ion

Transfer 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ml of standard boron

solution ( I WgB/ml ) to a polythene beaker containing1.0 ml spdittm hydroxide. Evaporate gently to dryness

2

on a water bath. Add 3 ml curcumin reagent, warmthe beaker to dissolve the residue. Cool to roolm

temperature and add 1.5 ml sulphuric acid-acetic acidmixture and keep for 15 min. Dilute the mixture to50 ml with acetone-water mixture. Measure theabsorbance of the solution and also for blank at 555 mm.

6.4.2 A ncily.fis of‘Yanlple

‘~ake a suitable aliquo( of t-he filtered samp]e

containing approximately 1.0 ~g boron. Equilibratethe solution with 10 ml of Amberlite I R-120 resin inH“ form for 1 h to remove cationic interferences fromthe sample solution. Filter and add sufficient quantityof 10 percent NaOH to make the filtrate alkaline andfollow the procedure given in 6.4.1.

6.5 Calculation

Determine the absorbance of the sample at 555 nm.Compare it with that of standard and calculate theboron content of the sample.

6.6 Precision and Accumcy

The precision of the spectrophotometric method is

about + IO percent for the determination of 1 pg of

boron.

7 FLOW INJECTION METHOD

7.1 Principle

7.1.1 Boric acid injected into the flow system reactswith mannitol in the mobile phase and an equivalent

amount of H‘ is liberated in the stream. The increasein the conductance of the mobile phase due to theliberated Ff+can be equated to the boron concentrationin the sample.

7.1.2 The method is applicable in the range O.I –

20 llig/1.

7.2 Interferences

Iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and aluminium do notinterfere up to 100 mg/1. Alkali metals can be toleratedLlp to I 000mg,/1,

7.3 Apparatus

The flow injection system consist of a pump, an

itljector valve with a 100111sample loop, a conductivity

detector and a recorder or an integrator to lllea.sure

the peak height/peak area.

7.4 Reagents

7.4.1 Nanoputw Wuter -- Nanopure water havingspecific resistance 18.5 Q is to be used for preparingall the solutions. All the reagents used should be ofanalytical grade.

7.4.2 Manrri[ol ( 0.3 A4 ) Solution -— Dissolve

IS 3025( Part 57 ) :2005

54.65 g of mannitoi in water and then dilute to1 Iitre.

7.4.3 Siock Boric Acid Solution — Dissolve0.571 5 g of boric acid in water and then dilute to100 ml ( 1 ml = i mgofboron).

7.4.4 Standard Boric A cia’ Solutions — Prepare a

series of working standards 0.1 - 20 yg/ml byappropriate dilation of stock boric acid solutionwith water.

7.4.5 Strong .4nion Exchange Resin in Chloride Form

7.4.6 Silver columns/cartridges having a capacityof2 -25 meq/column on a water swollen basis.

7.5 Procedure

7.5.1 For the analysis of pure boric acid, the aqueoussolution can be directly injected into the flow injectionsystem and the conductancelpeak height is to bemeasured.

7.5.2 Anal] ’.si,vof ’,’Samp/e.s

For the analysis of samples,

procedure is essential.a two step pretreatment

Slep I --- Equilibrate 10 ml of sample solution witha known weight of the anion exchange resin inchloride form for I h, so that all the sample anionsare converted to chloride. Filter the solutionthrough a medium texturecl filter paper, Give four

to five washings to the resin with water and makeup the final volume to 25 ml.

Step 2--- Wash the.silver guard column with 8-10 ml of water at a flow rate of2 ml/min. Take thesolution obtained after treatment as described in

step 1 in a 10 ml syringe and pass through theAg co~umll at a t~ow rate of2 ml/min Discard

the tlrst 4 ml and collect the rest in a clean anddr: betrker, Inject lml of this so]utioll into theflo~v injection system for boron analysis.

7.6 Calibration

Analyze the blank and each of the preparedworkins standards in accordance with 7.1, Preparethe calibration curve for boron by plotting the peak

height or the peak area versus the concentration of

boron.

7.7 Calculation

Determine the peak height of diluted sample fromrecorder chart and obtain the boron concentration

(A) in \tg/ml from the calibration curve. The boronconcentration (B) in the sample is obtained as:

B(g/ml)=A x2.5where 2.5 represents the dilution factor

3

IS 3025( Part 57 ) :2005

7.8 Accuracy and Precision

The relative standard deviaticm of the method is+co.25 percent for the determination of boron at a

concentration level of 10 mg/ml.

8 ION CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD

8.1 Principle

8.1.1 Boric acid converted to its more acidic complexby reacting with mannitol or sorbitol, is separated onanion exchange column and detected by conductivitydetector.

8.1.2 The method is applicable in the rangeI -200 p mol/dms.

8.2 Interferences

166 ~ mol/dn# of fluoride. 2 m mol/dn# of acetateand 56 w moI/dms of chloride do not interfere inboron analysis.

8.3 Apparatus

8.3.1 Chr<j\~tat{jgi”uphic .Vy.stern — The system

consists of a pump for delivering the eluent, an injectorvalve with a 100 ~1 saniple loop, a conductivity detector

and a recorder or an integrator to measure the areaunder the chromatogram.

8.3.2 Guurd Calumn –- A short length column ofsimilar material to the separator column and placed

before the separator column is used to protect themain column from being contaminated by particulateand ttle irreversibly adsorbing constituents.

8.3.3 Separator L’alumn –- A styrene-divinylbenzenebased low capacity pellicullar anion exchangecolumn ( Dionex Ionpac As- I ISC 4.6 x250 nm analyticalcolumn equipped with a Dionex Ionpac AG1 lSC,4.6 x 50 nm guard column ),

8.3.4 ,~uppre.~sar Column –- A column or membraneis needed that is a high capacity cation exchanger andis capable o.f converting the eluent and separatedanions to their respective acid forms.

8.4 Reagents

8.4.1 Qua/i/j’ of’ Rea<qCI1/.S— Analytical gradechemicals and deionized water are to be used in allthe preparations.

8.4.2 E/uen/ —- Dissolve 54.65 g of mannitol

( 0.3 M ) in water. Add 0.26 ml of 50 percent NaOH

and dilute to one !itre with w’ater.

8.4.3 Suli~huric Acid Soltllian — Add 2.2 ml ofsulphuric acid to 500 ml ofwater and tinally make up

to 4 Iitretogive dilute H,SOJ of 1 -2M,

8.4.4 Boric Acid,%iution ( Iml = 1mg B ) — Dissolve

0.5715 g of boric acid in water and dilute to 100 mlwith water and store in polypropylene bottle as stock

solution.

Prepare a series of boric acid standards I -20 u mol/dms by appropriate dilution of the stock boric acidsolution. Store in polypropylene bottles.

8.5 Procedure

Equilibrate the system .by pumping the eluentthrough the column until a stable baseline is obtained,after about 30 min. The detector ranges are variable,norrnaloperating ranges are from ~ to 100 p.S/cm, fullscale. The range setting required for analysisdepends on the concentration of the borate in thesample and should be chosen accordingly. Load thesample loop by injecting about 1 ml of sample intothe injection port using a 5 ml plastic syringe. Injectthe sample onto the column and record the ionchromatogram.

8.6 Preparation of Calibration Curves

Analyze the blank and each of the prepared workingstandards in accordance with 7. Prepare the calibrationcurves for borate by plotting the peak height or thepeak area versus the concentration of the anion.

8.7 Calculations

Determine the peak height for the sample and obtain

the borate concentration in p mol/dm~ from thecalibration curves.

8.8 Precision and Accuracy

Within the calibration range the precision is better

than 5 percent.

9 INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMICEMISSION SPECTROMETRIC ( ICPAES )METHOD

9.1 Principle

The ICPAES technique is based on the excitation of

atoms by an argon plasma generated by the applicationof high frequency RF current. The sample is introducedinto the argon plasma through a nebulizer. Theemission spectra of the atom is measured using asuitable grating and photomultiplier system. TheICPAES technique is suitable for the analysis ofboron in different types of water samples like naturalwater, potable water, domestic and industrial waste

waters. Detect ion limits of about 100 ppb can be

achieved using the wavelength of208.959 nm and thatof about 10 ppb c:in be acheived using the wavelengthof249.773 11111.

9.2 Apparatus

Inductively coupled Plasma Atomic Emission

4

IS 3025( Part 57 ): 2005

Spectrometer ( ICPAES ). Either sequential or apolychromator system maybe employed. Instrumentsetting as recommended by the manufacturer shall befollowed.

9.3 Reagents

9.3.1 Concentrated Nitri~ .4cid — conforming to1S264.

9.3.2 ,Wock Boron Solution.4 ( I 000 pg/m[) — Weigh0.572 Ogof HJBO~after drying itat I IO”C for I handcooling in a desiccator for 1/2 h. Dissolve it in 5 ml ofnitric acid and make up to 100 ml.

9.3.3 Stock Boron ,Yolution B(100 pg/m[) — Di lute

IO ml of solution A and make up to 100 ml with

deionized water.

9.3.4 Stock Boron Solutiot7 C ( 10 pg/ml) — Dilute10 ml of solution B to 100 ml with deionized water.

9.4 Procedure

9.4.1 Follow the procedures as described inmanufacturer’s instrument operating manual.

9.4.2 Standurdizution

Standardize the instrutnent and obtain a wavelengthprofile using a solution of 10 pglml of boron

solution ( see 9.3.4 ). Using the 10 ~g/ml boron

solution ( 9.3.4 ) and demineralized water as high

and low standards obtain a calibration curve. Checkthe reproducibility of the data by repeatedlyaspirating a solution of an intermediate

concentration level ( 5 @ml ). Choose a wavelengthof 249.773 nm for the analysis at low concentrationsof boron and 20$.959 nm for high concentrations.Prepare a test standard of I ppm of boron by diluting10 ml of solution C to 100 ml with deionized water.Use this standard for calculation of precision overshort and long periods. Use freshly prepared solutionsfor all the experiments.

9.4.3 Analysis of “Sample

Filter the samples solution through a 0.45 w filtermembrane or medium textured filter paper to avoid

clogging or choking of the nebulizer. However in

the case of water samples containing high saltcontent ( >10 mg/ml ), separate the matrix and injectthe sample into the plasma for analysis.

9.5 Calculation

Determine the peak height or peak area of the sampleand read the boron concentration from the standardcalibration curve.

9.6 Precision and Accuracy

The precision of ICPAES measurement is about 2-3relative standard deviation ( RSD ).

5

1S 3025( %rt 57 ) :2005

ANNEX A

( Foreword)

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Environment Protection and Waste

CIrg(il)II(I{ion

In pcmmd capacity (40 ‘[4, C 1< Park, Akvr Delhi 110019”

HhabhaAtomic Research Centrc. Mumbai

13harat [Ieav) Electrical Limihxl, Hardwar

(’cment Manut’acturxxs’ Association. New Delhi

Ventral Fuel Research [nstitok. llhanbad

(’cntral I. C:ILIW Research institute, Cheonai

(’entral Mining Research Institute. Dhanbad

( cntral Pollution Control Board. New Delhi

Cent’ederatlon of lndian Industries ( CH ),”New Delhi

Crop Care Federation of India. New Delhi

Deportment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of

Technology. New Delhi

Deparhmnl of Sciemce and Technology ( TIFAC ).

New Delhi

Delhi College ot’ Engineering. I)elhi

Directorate Gcoerai Factor) :Idvice Service and Labour

lnstitutc. Mumbai

I)i!cctora[c (icneral of I{ealtb Services, New De[lli

Iin:ineers lndia Limited. Ne\v Iklhi

Envirotech instruments I’riva[c limited, New Delhi

Food Research and Analysis (’clltre. New Dclbi

Gujarat Pollution (’~>ntrnl Board. Abmedabad

Hindostan l.e\er Limited. Mumbai

Indian Chemical Manufacturers” A&,ociation, Mumbai

Inditin Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi

lIIdIan Council of Medical Rescarcb. New Delhi

Indian lnsti~ute of Packaging. Mumbai

Indian Oil Corporation Limited. Faridabad

rlanagement Sectional Committee, CHD 32

l{el)lesenl(tli~’e(.~i

[’ROF [)ILIP BIs\v\s ( ~hflirmw )

[)R V. D. ]’l!RAhlh

DK T. N. MAIIAI)IV~N ( Ihernafe )

DR N, G. SIIRI\\SI\\A

~R K. C. N\I<. \M,

DR GUL,AB SINC;II

DR. L. C. RAM ( .4/IrrM/c )

DR S. RAJAMANI

DR B, K. TEWARY

DR S, D. MAKIIIIANI

DR C. S, Sll~KhfA ( ,~/t(>l”17Cl/eI )

DR S. K. ‘I’}A(,I ( ,1//erIMIe II )

SHRi A. K. GIKN+

SHRI R. P. SHAWA ( .4//cr/@e )

SHRI P. N. PARMI+IIAWAWN

DR MUKESH Klt.uw

DR AT~Ii. MI ITAL. ( A//crnaie I )

DR A[{\I~I) NI \I \ ( .l//Lr/M//e II )

DR P. SANJI:I:VA Rm

DR G. SKINI\ASAN ( J/lerrri/te )

SHRI RAKESII MI, IIROTRA

SHRI V. K, MINOCtIA ( ,-1/l~,mafe1 )DR ( Stmlhlm ) A. MAwmI, ( ,4(femate II )

SHR} S. S. (hu’r,~ki

Stlkl M. R. I< All’[!I ( .///L’rna/e )

DR ( Stml~4,\rl ) MAOHI;RI SH.\RMA

SHR1 ~. ~. [.AI

SHRI SUSI-IW... SA~H ( A//ci-nate )

SHRI RAKESH AI, ARWAI.

DR R~IINIXA PRASAO ( .llternare )

~R S. K. S/\xI~\

~R R. PRAIHIAK \K~N ( .d/lL>r/7a/e )

KLIM\RI P. S. SIi~I{

SI{RI B, B. D)\vp,

SHRI ADI rY\ ~HAVAR ( .lllern~lte )

SHRI V. N, DAS

SHRI A. A. I’ANJWANI ( Alternate )

DR R. C. MAIIb SIIW\RI

SHRI H. N. SAIVAII

SHRI S. C. ADAK

REPRJXENTATl\+

6

[S 3025( Part 57 ): 2005

I PC L. Vadodara

Inclwtrial Toxicology Research C’entre, Lucknow

Ministry of’ Defencce ( R & [) ). DRDO. New Delhi

Ministry ol Fmvironment ancl Forests, New Delhi

Ministry ol’ Non Convcntionai Inergy Sources, Ne\v Delhi

‘li)wn aod Country Planning Organization, Ministry of Urban

Dmelopment. New Delhi

Municipal Corporation of Grca~cr Mumbai. Mumbai

Nationai Institute of Occupational Health ( IC’MR ).

Ahmedabad

N atioaal Environmental Engineering Research Institute,

Nagpor

Nalional Productivity Council. New Delhi

Natiunal Thermal I%\ver Corporation Limited, New Delhi

NCC13M, Ne\v Delhi

Rclifincc Iodustrics Limited, Mumbai

Shriram Institute of Industrial Research, Ne\v Delhi

SGS lndia Limited. Chennai

Steel Authority of India Limited. New Delhi

Thapar Centre ibr Industrial Research and Development,

Patiala

‘lhe Fertilizer Association of India. New Delhi

BIS Directorate General

Re/71c.ven117tive(.v)

SFIRI P. VIJAYR,\{iIHAVAN

DR J. D. DESAI ( Alternate )

DR S. K. BHARCiAVA

SHRI .I. C. KAPOOR

REIWESENTATl\’t

SHRI VINLJO ~lIk+AR ~ IIN

SHRI K. K. J(l.Al~lNX

DR SAN”T(JSHVI~HYA DH+\RkN ( Alternate )

DEPL!TY CITY [;~(jlNEER CIVII ( ENVT )

Dmr”rY Es!i(’u’rlw ENGI~EE.R ( EIG ) ( Altern(fte )

DR V. KRISHNA MLIRTHY

DR A. K. MuWit.RJEE ( Alftirnate )

DR V. 1. PANOIJ

DR. T~PAN NANDY ( Alte~nafe )

SHRI R. C. MONLiADR A. K. SAXENA( Allernate )

SW R. GOPAI.

SHRI M. S. F311A(,wAI

DR S. N. I’m ( A/ternate )

REPRESENTATIVE

SEiRI V. G. K. N/\i R

DR JAG~ISII KLJMAR ( Al!ernafe )

Staw S, RAVI

SHRi J. KUMAR

DR MEEN.~hsEil KAKKAI{ ( Allerrrcrte)

DR MAHESHWAR ROY

DR S. K. CHAKR.ABORI} ( Alternate )

DR ( SHRIMKII ) B. SWAMINKIIiAN

DR S. NANI) ( .4//errrate )

DR U. C. SRIVASIAVA. Director and Head ( CHD )

[ Representing Director General ( Ex-ofjcio Member ) ]

Member Secretary

SHRI N. K. PAL

Director ( Chemical ), BIS

7

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau oflndian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods andattending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any formwithout the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not_preclude the free use, in the course of implementingthe standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relatingto copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), i31S.

‘Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issueof ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. CHD 32 ( 1001 ).

Amendments Issued -Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

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Printed at New India Printing Press, Khurja, India