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IS 15836-1 (2008): Ergonomic design for the safety ofmachinery, Part 1: Principles for determining thedimensions required for openings for whole-body access intomachinery [PGD 15: Ergonomics]

IS 15836 (Part 1) : 2008ISO 15534-1 : 2000

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Indian Standard

ERGONOMIC DESIGN FOR THE SAFETY OFMACHINERY

PART 1 PRINCIPLES FOR DETERMINING THE DIMENSIONS REQUIRED FOROPENINGS FOR WHOLE-BODY ACCESS INTO MACHINERY

ICS 13.110; 13.180

©BIS 2008

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN . 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

August 2008 Price Group 6

ErgonomicsSectional Committee , PG 15

NATIONALFOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part 1) which is identical with ISO 15534-1 : 2000 'Ergonomic design for thesafety of machinery - Part 1: Principles for determining the dimensions required for openings forwhole-body access into machinery' issued by the International Organization for Standard ization (ISO)was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Ergonomics SectionalCommittee and approval of the Production and General Engineering Division Council.

The other parts in this series are as follows:

Part 2 Principles for determin ing the dimensions required for access openings

Part 3 Anthropometric data

This standard specifies the dimension of openings for whole body access into machinery as defined inISOrrR 12100-1. This standard has been prepared primarily for non-mobile machinery; there may beadditional specific requirements for mobile machinery.

The anthropometric data given in Part 3 of this standard originate from static measurements of nudepersons and do not take into account body movements, clothing, equipment, machinery-operatingconditions or environmental conditions.

This standard shows how to combine the anthropometric data with suitable allowances to take thesefactors into account.

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words 'International Standard' appear referring to this standard, they shouldbe read as 'Indian Standard' .

b) Comma (.) has been used as a decimal marker, while in Indian Standards, the currentpractice is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

The techmcal committee responsible for the preparation of this standard has reviewed the provisionsof follOWing International Standards referred in this adopted standard and has decided that they areacceptable for use in conjunction with this standard :

tmemstionet Standard

ISOlTR 12100-1 : 1992

Title

Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles lor design ­Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (EN 292-1 :1991)

ISO 13852 : 1996 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones beingreached by the upper limbs (EN 294:1992)

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, thefinal YaIue, ob6erved or calculated. expressing the result of a test or analysis; shan be rounded off inaccordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)'. The number 01signIficant places retaIned 10 the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified valueIn this standard.

IS 15836 (Part 1) : 2008ISO 15534-' : 2000

Indian Standard

ERGONOMIC DESIGN FOR THE SAFETY OFMACHINERY

PART 1 PRINCIPLES FOR DETERMINING THE DIMENSIONS REQUIRED FOROPENINGS FOR WHOLE-BODY ACCESS INTO MACHINERY

1 Scope

This part of ISO 15534 spec ifies the dimensions of operunqs for wnole -body access Into machinery as defined InISOrrR 12100-1. It provides the dim ensions to wtuch the values given In ISO 15534 ·3 are applicable . Values loradditional space requirements are given In annex A. This part of ISO 15534 has been prepared pnmanly for non­mobile machinery; there may be additional specific requirements for mobile machinery.

Dimensions for passages are based on the values for euher the 95th or the 99th perceniues 01 the expected userpopulation. Values lor the 99th percentile apply to emergency egress rou tes .

The anthropometric data given In ISO 15534-3 originate from static measurements of nude persons and do nottake into account body mov ements. clothing . equ ipment. mach mery -operaunq conditions or environmentalconditions .

This part of ISO 15534 shows how to combine the anthropometnc data With SUitable allowances to take thesefactors Into account.

Situations where people are to be prevented from reachmg a haza rd are dealt With In ISO 13852.

2 Normative references

The tollowinq normative documents contain prov is.ons which. through reference In trus text , constitute provrsrons 01this part of ISO 15534 . For dated references. subsequent amendments to. or rev isrons of . any 01 these oubbcanonsdo not apply. However. parties to agreements based on trus part of ISO 15534 are encou raged to mves nqate thepossibility of apply ing the most recen t edrnons 01 the normative documents indICated be low For undatedreferences. the latest edition 01 the normative document rclerred to appnes. MerT'Lers 01 ISO and :EG maintainreg isters of currently valid loternanonat Standards.

IsorrR 12100-1 :1992. Safety of machmery - BasIC concepts. general onoaote« for des ign - Part 1. BasICterminology. methodology. (EN 292-1 :1991)

ISO 13852:1996. Safety of mach inery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones teemg reached by the upperlimbs . (EN 294 :1992)

ISO 15534-3:2000. Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery - - Part 3: An ttvopometr«: data

1

IS 15836 (Part 1) : 2008ISO 15534-1 : 2000

3 General requirements

ThIS part of ISO 15534 specifies the relevant dimens ions of openings with respect to different body positions.

In arriving at values lor these dimensions. in addition to the basic anthropomelirc data. It is necessary to addallowances to permit unhindered and safe entry and working. taking Into account aspects specific to the operat , ~

and to the operating condmons.

In this respect the following Criteria are of particular signif icance:

a) ease of passage of a person IS influenced by

the type of clothing, e.g. light or heavy clothing .

whether tools are being carried, e.g for maintenance or repair purposes,

whether additional equipment, such as personal protective equipment (includ ing protective clothing), orportable lighting, is being carried or worn,

the demands of the task, e.g. posture , nature and speed of movement, lines of sight , appl ication of force ,

frequency and duration of task,

length of passage. e.g. through a relatively thin wall (wall of a vessel) where there is space for movementat the exit or through a channel-type passage.

amount of space available to allow for the dynamic nature of movement to escape from danger,

lhe position and size of supports for the body. e.g. loot support. hand holds;

b) enVIronmental conditions (e.g. darkness, heat. noise, moisture),

c) level of risk dunng the task.

The allowances 10be made lor these Items will depend on the particular machinery concerned and its application.

Annex A provides the applicalion on how to apply this part of ISO 15534 in practice.

Annex 8 <J ives information on the use of symbols for dimensions and anthropometric measui ements.

4 Passage openings

A passage openmg is an opening which allows the movement or the entry 01 a person's entire body. to enable theperson to carry out measures such as operating 01 control actuators, monitoring of work processes and inspectionof work results. See Figures 1 106.

ThISpart 01 ISO 15534 specIfies minimum. not optimum, dimensions fm openings.

~AFETY PRECAUTIONS - Wherever possible, from the safety point of view, the dimensions should beInCreased. Furthermore. passage openings should be sufficiently large to allow rapid egress in the event ofanger.

The aRowances t and ) in • .110 4.5 are given in annex A. The values lor at. ht , etc. are given in ISO 15534-3.

2

IS 15836 (Part 1) : 2008ISO 15534·1 : 2000

-- 1i-- - - -- - -

Explanation of measurement

He Ight allowance

Width auowance

.\ = It, (P95" or P9 g· ') • \

I! ~ ,I, (P95 or P9 9 ) • \

Ope'tng he,') ll t

Op. nmg width

Body height

Elbow -to -e ibow breadth

. \

Ii ,

Symbol

B

,--- -

I I

I !

I II

I<{ :

iI I

II II I

[----=--J-l

I 4.1 Opening for horizontal forwardI movement in upright posture

iI

IIII

Figure 1

t) P9S: 95th percentile of the expected user populatIOn

2) P99: 99th percentile of the expected user population .

3

IS 15836 (Part 1) : 2008ISO 15534-1 : 2000

Symbol Explanation of measurement

4.2 Opening for horizontal sidewaysmovement over short distances inupright posture

A

H

1t1

"1r-- - --

I \

I +

Iv

II II

II ijI Iq:

III

I I! ~

I--

I B

4

Not appl icable for emergency egress routes

.-\ =", (P 95 ) + \

H =", (P 95) + \

Opening height

Opening width

Body height

Body depth

Height allowance

Width allowance

Symbol

IS 15836 (P.r1 1) : 2001ISO 15534·1 : 2000

Explanation of measUrement

4.3 Vertical movement through aduct, using a ladder

A =, 1 IP9'i or P9~ 1 • I

H = 0 ,74 > ' :? (P9 ",)

C=A . H

A Operunq wid th] '

/I Clea rance tor 100 1

C Duc t wIdth

, 1 Thigh length

' 2 Foot length

Width allowance

A B ,

e

Figure 3

I I() = <11 (P95 or P99) + I '

f) Opening breadth

IQ 1 Elbow-to-elbow breadth

I .1 Breadth allowance

1I

III II.I 1.1D

Rgunt4

3) Opemng width A does not take account of the need for protectlOO from failing.

5

IS 15836 (Part 1) : 2008ISO 15534-1 : 2000

4.4 Manhole through which rapidactive movement needs to be possible

A

Figure 5

4.5 Opening for entry in kneelingposture

,//

II

I,I

F'<; I

; /, ...:"-./ /<l .. " /

--~

rtgUre 6

6

Symbol

.-I

H

.\

.r

.\

Explanation of measurement

.-I =111 (P95 or P99) + .r

Open ing diameter

Length of the passage shou ld be less than500 mm

Elbow-to-elbow breadth

Allowance

A = b2 (P95 or P99) + x

B = 1/1 (P95 or P99) + y

Open ing height

Open ing width

Forward reach (grip reach)

Elbow-to-elbow breadth

Height allowance

Width allowance

IS 15836 (Pert 1) : 2008ISO 15534·1 : 2000

Annex A(normative)

Application of the measurements in practice

~1 Introduction

The purpose of this annex is to explain how to apply the anthropometric measurements given in this part ofISO 15534 according to ergonomic and safety and health principles.

This part of ISO 15534 describes minimum dimensions for openings based on anthropometric measurements. i.e.static measurements of nude persons.

The opening dimensions, including allowances, in this part of ISO 15534 do not always take into consideration, forexample:

aspects of health and safety arising from contact with the passage opening itself;

whether the body positions and movements that must be used in the passage mean any risk to the user'ssafety and health, e.g. in relat ion to how often or how long the person has to use the passage;

whether the person has to adopt a certain body posit ion in order to meet the force demands of the task withoutbecoming overloaded;

the space requ ired for transportation of equ ipment . tools and injured or unconscious persons through thepassage;

the space required for using equipment and tools in the passage in a proper ergonomic way, e.g. cleaning,repair and maintenance work;

personal protec1ive equipment the user might wear when pass ing through the passage;

the space requirements for entrance to and exit from the passage.

The design of a passage that takes ergonomic principles into proper consideration usually leads to more efficientwork, which is also of economic benefit. For example, in most cases the operation time increases as the size of theopening decreases.

A.2 Principles for determining additional space

For each of the openings in this part of ISO 15534 , a number of allowances are described in clause A.3 forconditions that need to be taken into consideration when determining the practical size of a spec ific passage.Where they are applicable. these cond itions determine allowances which shall be added to the anthropometricmeasurements in order to ensure safety and health while using the passage. These allowances are not simplyadditive; some of the conditions overlap. When designing a specific passage, consideration shall be given to eachcondition given in clause A.3. A decision has to be made as to which ones are applicable and which ones are themost critical and then an integration of the factors shall be made by an expert. ending with a definite figure on thetotal allowance required in each direction.

7

- _._------- - -

IS1~(Part1):~

ISO 15534-1 : 2000

A.3 Additional space requirements for openings

A.3.1 Opening for horizontal forward movement in upright posture (see 4.1)

The lollo wlng allowances shall be added. where appropnate. to the anthropometric measurements gIven In

ISO 15534·3.

HeIght allowance \ lor

bas-e allowance for body movement . 50 mm

last walking or running or frequent or lonq-duranon use 100 mm

shoes or heavy footwear ··...... ...................................................... 40 mm

personal protective equipment which add height to the person. e .g. helmets .. 60 mm

Width allowance v tor

basic allowance for body movement ................. ..................... ...... ................................... .... ............ ........ 50mm

fast walking or running or frequent or lonq-duration use . ....................... .... ..... .. 100 rnrn

work ing clothes .

clothes that will be damaged by contact with the passage walls ..

heavy wtnter clothing or personal protective clothing ....

transportat ion of inJured person .

20mm

. . ...... l00mm

100 mm

200mm

A.3.2 Opening for horizontal sideways movement over short distances in upright posture(see 4.2)

The follOWing allowances shall be added . where appropriate . to the anthropometric measurement s given inISO 15534 ·3

Height allowance I and Width allowance j:

If any of the condnons menlloned In A.3.1 for allowances .\ and .' are present. the cor responding allowances fromA.J .l shall be used .

A.3.3 Vertlca' movement through a duct, using a ladder (see 4.3)

The folloWing allowances shall be added. where appropriate. to the anthropometric measurements given inISO 15534·3 .

Width allowance .r and breadth allowance y for

basic allowance for body movement 100 mm

worJung clothes . 20mm

heavy winter cloth ing or personal protect ive clothing 100 mm

•

personal protective eqUIpment (exCluding breathing apparatus) . ... I00mm

IS 15836 (Pert 1) : 2008ISO 15534-1 : 2000

A.3.4 Manhole through which rapid active movement need8 to be possibla (sea 4.4)

The following allowances shall be added. where appropnate. to the anthropometric measurements given InISO 15534-3:

Allowance .\ :

If any of the conditions mentioned in A.3.3 are present. the corresponding allowances from A.3.3 shall be used.

A.3.5 Opening for entry in kneeling posture (see 4.5)

A height allowance .r shall be added. where appropriate, to the anthropometnc measurements given inISO 15534-3 for looking forward during movement 100 mm

Height allowance .r and allowance y:

If any of the conditions mentioned in A.3.3 for allowances .l and y are present, the correspondmq allowances fromA.3.3 shall be used.

•

15.15836 (Part 1) : 2008ISO 15534-1 : 2000

Annex B(informative)

Symbols for dimensions and anthropometric body measurements

The purpose of this annex IS to expla in the use ot symbols tor dimensions and anthropometric body measurementsin this part of ISO 15534.

The size of passages, access openrngs and other phYSICal dimensions is calculated by a formula determined foreach dimension consider ing the relevant anthropometric measurement and one or more allowances.

The physical dimensions are shown in Figures 1 to 6 and are denoted by the capital letters A, B, C and D. Theletters are used in order in each figure. The meaning need not be the same from figure to figure. Indices(subscripts) are used when needed .

Allowances and body measurements are not indicated in Figures 1 to 6.

Anthropometric measurements are denoted by lower-case letters with indices. For allowances. the lower-caseletters .f and y are used.

The letters denoting the anthropometric body measurements have the following general meaning:

It hetght of whole body or part of body

a breadth of trunk including arms and shoulders . etc., breadth of body part

b depth of body or body part; in one case used for forward reach

(" length of body part or segment.

The indICes (subscripts) are used in order With no particular meaning attached, with the following exception . Whena measurement is taken In both the standing and sitt ing posture, the index for the measurement in the standingposture IS a one-digtt number , the index for the correspondinq measurement in the sitting posture is 10 higher.

When a specific percentile of the body measurement IS referred to. this is denoted by the actual percent figurepreceeded by the letter -p- WIthinbrackets after the index .

The anthropometnc measurements are defined In the ISO 7250:1996. The corresponding European Standard isEN ISO 7250:1997. Values for the measurements are given in ISO 15534-3.

The symbols for the anthropometnc measurements used in this part of ISO 15534 are listed in Table B.l . The indexnumbers are not consecuIJve since not all the defined anthropometric measurements are used in this part ofISO t5534 .

10

•

1

IS 15836 (Part 1) : 2008ISO 15534-1 : 2000

Table B.1 - Symbols and definitions of anthropometric measurements In this part of ISO 15534

Definition U..Symbol Explanation See ISO 7250:1896-, See this part of

subclau.. ISO 15534,subclause

", Stature (body height) 41 .2 4 1.42

(', Elbow-to-elbow breadth 42 .10 4 .1.4.3.44,4.5

h, Body depth, standing 4.110 42

h2 Grip reach ; forward reach 4 4.2 4.5

c, Buttock-knee length 44 .7 4.3(thigh length)

c2 Foot length ..;37 43

a The number in EN ISO 7250 is the same.

11

IS 15836 (Part 1) ; 2008ISO 15534-1 ; 2000

Bibliography

(1) ISO 7250:1996 , BaSIC human body measurements for technotoqcet design. (EN ISO 7250 :1997)

[2J EN 614-1:1995 , Safety of machinery - ErgonomiC design pdnciples - Part 1,' Termmotoqy and generalprlncipMs.

12

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