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IS 15172 (2002): Methods for Testing Tar and BituminousMaterials -- Determination of Curing Index for CutbackBitumens [PCD 6: Bitumen Tar and their Products]

IS 15172:2002

wi7=#4m

Indian Standard

METHODS FOR TESTING TAR ANDBITUMINOUS MATERIALS — DETERMINATION OF

CURING lNDEX FOR CUTBACK BITUMENS

Ics 75.140

0 BIS 2002

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

August 2002 Price Group 3

Bitumen, Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee, PCD 6

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards after the draft finalized by the Bitumen,Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee, had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related ProductsDivision Council.

Cut-back bitumens are blended by dissolving penetration grade bitumens in petroleum oils like naphtha, keroseneoil or heavy petroleum oils. The function of these oils is to offer temporary fluidity for ease of constructionoperation. After the construction, the oils evaporate in due course of time leaving behind the original bitumen.

Thus the quantity of oil present and the penetration of the residual bitumen are of paramount importance.Immediately after the construction, the basic questions before the engineer are as to how long will it take for theoil to evaporate and what restrictions have to be imposed on traffic speed to prevent dislodgement of stonesunder the action of traffic.

Distillation test offers quick and easy means of knowing the quantity of oil present in the cutback and the timefor evaporation of these oils can also be computed if the vapour pressure of oil fractions distilling at varioustemperatures is known. The cumulative evaporation time so computed is known as curing index. A cutbackbitumen is deemed to have cured out when its float test values at 50 “C reaches 120 s.

In reporting the results of a test or analysis in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed orcalculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numericalvalues (revised)’.

The Composition of the committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex A .

Indian Standard

METHODS FOR TESTING

IS 15172:2002

TAR AND

BITUMINOUS MATERIALS — DETERMINATIONOF CURING INDEX FOR CUTBACK BITUMENS

1 SCOPE

This standard covers the methods forof curing index of cutback bitumens.

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

determination

“1’hefollowing standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis standard. At the time of publication, the editionsindicated are valid. All standards are subject to revisionand parties to agreements based on this standard areencouraged to investigate the possibility of applyingthe most recent editions of the standards indicatedbelow:

1SNo. Title334:2002 Glossary of terms relating to bitumen

and tar (third revision)1211:1978 Methods for testing tar and

bituminous materials: Determinationof loss on heating (jht revision)

3 TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this standard the definitions givenin IS 334, in addition to the following shall apply.

3.1 Curing Index

Curing index is a test procedure which indicates innumerical terms the comparative rate of curing ofcutback bitumen under standard conditions. Theprocedure enables one to make a much closercomparison of the rate of cure of cutback bitumensthan is possible by the use of distillation test results.

3.2 Cured Out Point

Field experience indicates that the cold mix asphalticconcrete using RC-3 shall be considered cured outwhen not more than 0.4 percent by mass of volatilesand/or water remained in the mixture. The consistencyof RC-3 residue to above volatile content is foundaverage about 120s float test at 50°C. This consistencyis considered as the cured out point for all cutbackbitumens.

4 APPARATUS

4.1 Oven, conforming to 3.1 of IS 1212.

4.2 Distillation Flask, conforming to 3.1.1 of 1S 1213.

4.3 Thermometer, of high distillation range, totalimmersion type having a range of -2°C to 400”C.

4.4 Condenser, conforming to 3.1.3 of IS 1213.

4.5 Adapter, conforming to 3.1.4 of IS 1213.

4.6 Shield, conforming to 3.1.5 of IS 1213.

4.7 Crow Receiver, conforming to 3.1.6 of IS 1213.

4.8 Residue Container, conforming to 3.1.7 of IS 1213.

5 PROCEDURE

5.1 In developing the test procedure, the time in hoursrequired for the cutback bitumen residue to be reducedto the cured out point is determined by mixing 12.8 gof the cutback material with 200 g of a standard dryaggregate at 60”C. The mixture is then placed in arevolving shelf oven and held at 60”C until cured outpoint is reached. The mixture is removed from theoven and weighed from time to time. The curing curveis obtained by plotting the percent loss by volume inthe cutback, against the time using the followingequation to calculate the percent 10SSby volume:

Lti =100 (L, ) Vc

M(lOO–A)

where

Lv, =

Vc =

A=

L, =

m=

loss by volume in time t,percent of totalcutback;

percent volatile by volume in cutback to360”C as determined by standard distilla-tion test;

percent bitumen by mass in cutback whendistilled to 360”C;

mass loss of volatile in time t;and

mass of cutback bitumen used in themixture.

Curing curves of the cutback RC-1, RC-2 and RC-3are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The dotted lines inFig. 3 refers to volatile loss during mixing known as‘flash off’.

5.2 Since the oven curing procedure is rather timeconsuming, the following method is developed forpredicting the curing curve of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 withgood accuracy and for determining the time required

1

IS 15172:2002

FIG. 1 CONSISTENCY CURVES — RC CUTBACKS

CURED LINE

5Lu1-

20-1u

-1

140

120 - / /

100

80 - /

60 / /

40 -

2di’,:1;:.

1

70510 15 20 25 30TIME IN HOURS

FIG. 2 CURING CURVES — RC CUTBACKS

— DETERMINATION BY CALCULATIONy

~ - DETERMINATION BY TEST ~

#-

/’ /* $

/ 0PJ

~

%!

0 5 10 15 20 25 30~g TIME IN HOURS

FIG. 3 EVAPORATION — RC CUTBACKS

2

to reduce the residue to the cured out point (float valueof 120 s at 50°C). The necessary information is thepercent loss of volatiles at the cured out point (or theentire curve of Fig. 1 of percent volatile loss againstfloat test time if the entire curve is to be determined)and the result of the standard distillation test showingtotal percentage of distillate off by volume to 160”C,175°C, 225”C, 260”C, 315°C and 360°C in additionto initial boiling point temperature.

5.3 The procedure is resumed for establishing the curingindex of cutback bitumens as given in 5.3.1 to 5.3.4.

5.3.1 Run regular distillation test in accordance withIS 1212 including determination of initial boiling point.

5.3.2 Run partial distillation taking off 50 percent,70 percent and 85 percent of the total distillate to”360°Cas determined by the standard distillation test. Partialdistillations are run according to IS 1212 with theexception that the residue is allowed to partially cool(10 min to 15 rein) in the flask before pouring up.

5.3.3 For each residue from the partial evaporation tests,determine the float value at 50”C. Plot the curveshowing the relationship between the percentagedistillate by volume and the float test of residue. Byinterpolation, find the cured out distillate losscorresponding to 120s float.

5.3.4 Using the values given in Table 1, calculate thecuring index value in accordance with the methodillustrated.

6 CALCULATION

6.1 The percentage of each material (Ax) boilingbetween any two successive temperatures is consideredas a separate liquid with average vapour pressure Pxand average molecular weight Mx. Then it is found thatthe time increment t required for evaporation of thisfraction shall be obtained by the equation. The totaltime (T) required for the evaporation of all the fractionsup to any given temperature shall be expressed byEquation 1:

_ KA, KA. KA.. ..(1)

6.2 For each fraction, the average molecular weightsare determined and the average vapour pressure isdetermined at 60”C. The value of K is determined bycorrelating the values from the test evaporation curvesand calculated cures to have a value of 10. The valuesof K/MP = 10/MP are shown in Table 1 for variousboiling points intervals from 93°C to 327”C.

where

M= estimated average molecular weights ofhydrocarbons distillate in temperaturerange shown

IS 15172

P = vapour pressures from Cox chart

Table 1 Values of 10/MP for givenCutback Boiling Point Interval

(Clauses 5.3.4 and 6.2)

“2002.

Boiling Point Value of Boiling Point Value ofInter;d, “C

(1)

93-16099-160104-160110-160116-160121-160127-160132-160138-160143-160149-160154-160160-175166-175171-175177-190!82- 190193-225199-225204-225210-225216-225221-225227-260232-260

238-260243-260

lo/MP(2)

0.050.080.090.100.110.130.140.160.180.200.230.250.300.340,360.520.581.051.631.811.952.162.355.105.106.507.15

Intern-al, “C(1)

249-260254-260

Intermediate cut160-175175-190190-225225-232232-316

Final cuts225-232225-238225-243225-249225-254225-260260-260260-271260-277260-282260-288260-293260-299260-304260-310260-316316-32/

316-327

10IMP(2)

7.958.90

0.300.511,304,46

26.00

2.903.253.393.573.974.46

11.1012.2013,303.80

15.6017.2019.4021.7024.1026.0091.00

106.00

Example — The determination of curing index bycalculation proceeds as follows:

For RC-2, a cured out point float test of 120s is shownat 16.8 percent distillate off by volume. The distillationtest gives the following results:

Temperature“c

145160175190225260315340

Percent of TotalCutback ofiby Volume

Initial point1.03.05.813.417.519.020.5

By interpolation, the cured out temperature at which16.8 percent by volume has distilled over is found to

16.8–13.4

be 225+ 17.4 –13.4 ‘260–225)0r225‘29”0’254

or 255 rounded off to the nearest multiple of 5“C.

3

IS 15172:2002

The curing index is then calculated using the Equation 2,and the values given in Table 1,

Boiling Increment ValuePoint Percent

A,. != T= ZA,

of Y?_ MPInterval, Distillate Mp

“c in Interval,x

145-160 1.0 0.20 0.20 0.20160-175 2.0 0.30 0.60 0.80175-190 2.8 0.51 1.43 2.23190-225 7.6 1.30 9.88 12.11225-260 3.4 3.97 13.50 25.61

Curing index is 26 h, the nearest whole number,

7 RECOMMENDATION FOR SPECIFYINGCURING INDEX

index/curing rate of cutback bitumens has beenexplained for RC and MC grades above. For othertype of bitumens, the recommended values of curingindex are given in Table 2

Table 2 Recommended Values of Curing Index

Material Curing Index,h

(1) (2)

RC-3 12Bitumen 80/100 + 6.5 percent kerosene oil oBitumen 80/100 + 10 percent kerosene oil 14Bitumen 80/100 + 14.5 percent kerosene oil 27

7.2 A curing index of 25 h to 40 h is consideredadequate for general use of asphaltic concrete. Forsurface dressing work, a curing index of about 15 hgives best results.

/

7.1 The need for accurately controlling the curing

4

IS i5172: 2002

ANNEX A

(Foreword)

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Bitumen, Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee, PCD 6

Organization

Central RoadResearchInstitute,New Delhi

BharatPetroleumCorporationLimited, Mumbai

BuildingMaterialsandTechnologyPromotionCouncil,New Delhi

Central Public Works Department,New Delhi

Central Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad

Cochin RefineriesLimited,Cochin

Dr Uppal’sTesting and Analytical Laboratory,Ghaziabad

DurgapurProjects Limited, Durgapur

DirectorateGeneral of Supplies and Disposals,New Delhi

DirectorateGeneral of Border Roads, New Delhi

Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch,Army HeadQuarters,New Delhi

Highway ResearchStation,Chennai

HindustanPetroleumCorporation Limited, Mumbai

HindustanColas Limited, Mumbii

Indian Instituteof Petroleum, Dehradun

IndianOil Corporation Limited (Marketing Division), Mumbai

IndianOil Corporation Limited [(R&D) Centre], Faridabad

IndianOil Corporation (R&P), New Delhi

IndianRoadsCongress,New Delhi

Lloyd Insulations(India)Limited,New Delhi

Ministry of SurfaceTransport (Deptiment of SurfaceTransport),New Delhi

Ministryof Defence(DGQA),New Delhi

Madras RefineryLimited,Chennai

National Test House, Kolkata

National BuildingOrganization,New Delhi

Representative(s)

PKOFP. K. SIKOAR(Chairman)

SHRISUNILBOSE(Aliernate 1)

DRP. K. JAJN(Alternate 11)

SHIUJ. A. JANAJ

DR NOBLEGEORGE(Alferrra[e)

SHIUR. K. CELLY

SHRIB. ANIL KUMAR(Alternate)

SUPERINTENDINGENGINEER

EXECUTIVEENGINEER(Akemate)

DR SHRIMATIA. BHATTACHARYA

SHRIU. BHATTACHARYA(Ahemate)

SHRIV. PAILY

SHRIR. VENUGOPAL(Alternate)

SHRIR. S. SHUKLA

DR H. S. SARKAR

DIRECTOR

StiruS. S. PORWAL

SHRIA. K. GUPTA(Alternate)

COLV. K. P. SJNGHLT-COLR. S. BHANWALA(Alternate)

DIRECTOR

DEPUTYDIRSCTOR(Alternate)

SHRJS. K. BHATNAGAR

SHRIA. S. PRABHAKAR(Alternate)

SHRIP. RAJENnRAN

SHIUH. PADMANABHAN(Af/emare)

SHRIU. C. GUPTA

SHRIMOHD ANWAR(Alternate)

SHRIR. S. SISGOIA

SHRIPRSMKUMAR(Alfernafe)

SHRJB. R. TYAGISHRIM. P. KALA (Alternate)

SHRIU. K. BASU

SHRIS. K. PRASAD(Alternate)

SHRIK. B. RAJORIA

SHRIA. V. SINHA(Alternate)

SHRIMOHIT KHANNA

SHRIK. K. MITRA (Akernaie)

SHRIC. C. BHAnACHARYA

SHRIS. P. SINGH(Alternate)

SHRIK. H. GANDHI

SHIUA. K. SINHA(A/[ernate)

SHRIM. S. SHAYAMSUNDER

SHIUB. SAIRAM(Alternate)

SHRIA. K. CHAKRABORTY

SHRIS. K. AGARWAL(Alternate)

SHRIA. K. LAL

SHRIA. G. DHONGAOE(Altemafe)

(Conlinued on page 6)

5

1S 15172:2002

(Continuedfiom page 5)

Organization

Public Works Department Governmentof WestBengal, Kolkata

Public Works Department, Mumbai

Public Works Departmen~ Uttar Pradesh

Public Works Departrnen4Tamil Nadu

Regional Research Laborato~, Jorhat

STP Limited, Kolkata

Universityof Roorkee, Roorkee

BISDkectorate General

Representative(s)

SHSUhAVA CHAmsm7

SHRIRABINDRANATHBASU(Alternate)

SHRIBORGEV. B.

SHIUV. P. BANSALDRG. P. S. CHAUHAN(Alternate)

SmrN.DAYANANDANSHIOP. JAYARAMAN(Aliernote)

DRR. C. BARUAH

SmoT. K. ftOY

SHRIS. BHANUSEKHAR(Alternate)

PROFH. C. MEHNDIRMTA

SmuANIANJCARjDkector& Head(pCD)~epresentingDirectorGeneral(JZx+flcio)]

Member-SecretaiySHRST.KALASVANAN

Joint Director (PCD), BIS

Methods of Test for Bitumen Tar and Their Products Subcommittee, PCD 6:1

Central Road Reseach Institute, New Delhi

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mumbai

Bhilai Chemical F%vateLimited, Rancbi

Cochin Refineries Limited, Kerrda

Durgapur Projects Limited, Durgapur

Highway Research Station, Chennai

HbrdustanColas Limited, Mumbai

Indian Institute ofPetrolemn, Debradon

Indian 011Corporation Limited (Marketing Division), Mumbai

Lloyd Insulations (India) Limited, New Delhi

Madras Refinery Limited, Chemai

Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited,Neyveli

NationaJTest House, Kolkata

Steel Authority of Indiz New Delhi

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mumbai

Sr-auSW BOSE(Convener)DRP. K. J.m (Alternate)

SIUUJ. A. J.mwtDRNOBLE GEORGE(Alternate)

SHRIO. P.NANGALUA

Smuv.P.krLYSsuoR.VENUrnPAL(Alternate)

DRH. S. SMXAR

h(i330R

DmJTV DmECTOR(Alternate)

SriRIH.PADMANABHANSHiUVIJAYK.BHATNAGAR(Alternate)

SHSUM.ANWARSmuU. C. GUPTA(Alternate)

SHRSR. S. i%?.ODIASHRIV.P. GurTA(Alternate)

SHRIMomTKHANNASW K. K. MrrRA(Alternate)

SHRIM. S.SHAYAMSUNDERSHRIB. SAIRAM(Alternate)

DRS.SANSHANAMSHVJA.BALASUBMM.MWAN(Alternate)

SmuP.K.CmmmomYSmuS.K. AGARWAL(Alternate)

SmuS.K.JASNSsrruS. C. DASflow (Alternate)

SmaA. S.PsuawwmSmuS.K, BHATNAGAR(Alternate)

6

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This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. PCD 6 ( 1334).

Amendments Issned Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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