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है”ह”ह

IS 11822 (1986): Methods of tests for spark arrester ofagricultural tractors and power tillers [FAD 11:Agricultural Tractors and Power Tillers]

IS : 11822 -1986

Indian StandardME1'HODS OF rusrs FOR SPARK AR.RESTER

FOR AG'RIC'ULT'URAL TRAC1"ORS

J5i'

© CoP_yright'198;

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITIJTI()Nf\fANAK UHAVAN. 9 B~H \T.){]R SHAH ZAFt\R MAR(;

NEW I)l·:}.."!1 11 flU02

Gr :) Morel: 1987

IS 111822 • 1986

Indian StandardMETHODS OF TESTS FOR SPARK ARRESTER

FOR AGRICULTURAL·"fRACTORS

Agricultural Tractors and Power Tillers Sectional Committee, AFDC 52

ChairmanPao)' M. M. MEH1'A

RepresentingEscorts Limited, Faridabad; and Indian Societ) of

Agricultural Engineering, New Delhi

National Agricultural Co-operative MarketingFederation of India Limite-d, New Delhi

National Bank for Agricultural and Rural­Deve-lopment. Bombay

Punjab Tractors Limited, Ropar

SHUI R. S. DAHS ( AII"nat, )Du. V. K. MITTAL

DR R. B. RAM (AllertuJI, )SHRIJ. S. MUDJlAR

SUBI G. B. LAL ( Altemat« )

SHRI G. N. MEliTASURI G. C. PA1·ItL ( AII"nat,)

SURI S. K. MISJ1RA

SHRt A. K. CHAKRAV ARTY

k/,mb"sDa RJPDAMAN SINOH (AII,rnat, I Escorts Limited, Faridabad

to ProC M. M, Mehta)DR K. N. SINon ( Alternat, II to Indian Society of Agricultural Engineering,

Prof M. M. Mehta ) New DelhiDR A. ALAJI Indian Council of Agricultural Research,

New DelhiEscorts Tractors Limited, Faridabad

Snur CltANDRA MOHANSam G. S. RIHAL ( Alteruat« I )SHIH S. S. (}UEW AL (AII,rnat, II )

Snnt N. C. GUPTA Auto 'reactors Ltd, PartapgarhSUItt S. K. LAMDA Development Commissioner ( Small ~r.ale

Industr ies ) ( Ministry of Industry and Com­pany Afrairs ), New D~lhi

Gujarat Tractor 5 Corporation Ltd, Vadodara

Central Farm Mar hincrv Training and TestingInst itute ( Ministry of Agricultural and RuralDevelopment) (Departm('nt of Agriculture& Co ..operation ), Budn]

Punjab Agricultural University, Ludbiana

HMT Limited ( Tractor Division), 'injore

SURIA.V.ALEXANDERSHRI A. JINUAL ( tllt,rnat, )

. SBRI BHUPRNDRA

( Conl;nUld on pOI' 2 )

C Cop",;,hl 1987

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTIONTbil publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) andreproductioD in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of thepublisher Iball be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

!s I 11822 • 1986

( Continutd from pag, I )

Members Repr,s,nting

SHRI II. M. Mu'rTA Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd, BombaySaRI M. V. VENKATESWARAN (Altwnate I)SHRI A. R. SON ALK AU ( Alternat« I I )

SnRI A. '1'. NABENDEU VS1' Tillers Tractors Limited, BangaloreSUIlI V. PRASI-IANT RAO ( Alternate I )SHRi K. CHANDRAsEKHAn RAO ( Alternate II )

SnRI R. NIGAM Central Mechanical Engineering ResearchInstitute ( CSIR ), Durgapur

SURI K. N. GAUR ( Alternat« )Dn. 'r. P. OJIIA

SJlBI J. PltASAD ( Alternate )SHUlS.B. PANDYASHUI R. N. P A'.rlL

SHRI V. V. PATIJ"Snnr HUDSON PETER

Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering( leAR ), Bhopal

National Farmers Organization, New DelhiMinistry of Agricultural and Rural Development

( Department of Agriculture & Oo-operarioa),New Delhi

Bharat Krishak Sarna], New DelhiKerala Agro Machinery Corporation Limited,

Ernakulam

Directorate General of Technical Development( Ministry of Industry), New Delhi

Department of Agriculture, Government ofBihar

Director General, lSI (/ix-offieio M'mb" )

SHill V. P. SlllV.\STAVA

SUR.t T. PUIlNANANDAM,Director ( Agri & Food)

SHUI JOHN MATHAI ( Alternate)SnRI S. R. PRAllIlAKAlt Bharat Earthmovers Ltd, Bangalore

SHRI C. GANGADHARAIAH (Alternate)Snnr M, R AMAS\V,,\MY Tractors and Farm Equipment Ltd, Madras

SHU.I S. H,ANOANATHAN ( Alternate I )Snu,l G. VENKA'l'AHAMAN ( Alternate II )

Dn S. SAT'\' .\l\lUUTY Eicher Goodcarth Limited, New DelhiSnut SUNl.L Kuu xn ( Alternate)

SllHI UnAYAN SEN

S,er,ta,.JSURI R. N. SHARMA

Joint Director ( Agri & Food), lSI

2

AMENDMENT NO. 1 AUGUST 1995TO

IS 11822: 1986 METHODS OF TESTS FOR SPARKARRESTER FOR AGRICULTURAI~TRACTORS(Cover page,page t and 3, Title) - Add 'AND POWER TILLERS' at the

end.

(Page 3, clause 1.1 ) - Add 'and power tille~t al the end.

(Page 11, Table, co/2,first rOK') - Substitute 'dm 3/s' [or 'cm/s'

(FAD32)Reorrography Unit. HIS,N~w Delhi,India

IS : 11822 • 1986

Indian Standard

METHODS OF TESTS FOR SPARK ARRESTERFOR AGRIC·ULTURAL TRACTORS

o. I~' 0 !{ E W 0 R I)

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institutionon 30 October 1986, after the draft finalized by the Agricultural Tractorsand Power Tillers Sectional Committee had been approved by theAgricultural and Food Products Division Council,

0.2 While using the tractors for harvesting, threshing and transportation ofdry agricultural material, it has been observed that glowing carbon parti..cles, coming out from the exhaust silencer, create fire hazards In order toarrest these glowing carbon particles, spark arresters have been designedand are now becoming popular. A need was, therefore, felt to formulateIndian Standard to streamline methods for rational evaluation of thesespark arresters.

0.3 Though the standard primarily covers the spark arrester for agricul­tural tractors, the methods may be used for other powered equipment likecombine harvester.

0.4 This standard is primarily based on SAE j350-1980 'Spark arrestertest procedure for medium size engine' published by Society of AutomotiveEngineers' USA. Assistance has also been derived from Central FarmMachinery Training and Testing Institute, Budni and Northern RegionFarm Machinery Training and 'resting Institute, Hissar,

0.5 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance withthis standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be :roundedoff, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*.

J. SCOPE

1.1 This standard covers methods of tests for spark arresters fitted onengines used for agricultural tractors,

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.

*Rulcs Cor rounding off numerical values ( "oised ).

3·

IS : 11822 - 1986

2.1 Agricultural Tractors --- A self-propelled wheeled vehicle havingtwo axles, or a track-laying or semi-track-laying machine, more particu­larly designed to pull, push, carry and operate implements and machinesused for agricultural work ( including forestry work ).

2.2 Spark Arrester - A device fitted with the exhaust system of anengine to arrest the glowing carbon particles.

3. SELECTION AND GENERAL REQ,UIREMENTS

3.1 Selection _. The spark arrester shall be selected at random ( see IS:4905·1960* ) from the production lot by a representative of testing autho­rity. However, in case of prototype, the sample shall be submitted direc­tly to the testing authority. The spark arrester shall be complete in allrespects.

3.2 Sp~cificatioD-The applicantjmanufarturer shall supply specificationsof the spark arrester as per Appendix A as well as any further technicaldetails as may be required to carry out the test. A line sketch should beprovided by the manufacturer/applicant giving the details of the specifica­tion.

f. RUNNING.IN AND CHECKING OF SPECIFICATION

4.1 Running-in - The spark arrester shall be run-in as per schedule andduration specified by the applicant/manufacturer.

4.2 Checking of Specifications - The information given by the manu­facturer/applicant ill the specification sheet as per Appendix A shall beverified by the testing authority and reported.

5. TESTS

5.1 General

5.1.1 The tests shall be conducted under laboratory conditions with air.The spark arrester shall be tested at flows causing back pressures up to6·8 kPc1. If the spark arrester is considered for back pressure above6·8 kPa, additional testing may be carried out at the higher flow ratenecessary to develop the actual maximum back pressure.

5.1.2 Test Equipment - The test unit consists of a suitable blower withair directed through the metering instruments, spark arrester, and a posi­tive trap for collecting particles. The apparatus shaU permit mounting ofarresters in all positions in which they may be used and shall dischargeinto the positive trap in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 1..

• Methods for random sa mpliag •

4

IS I 11822 • 1986

(6200 mm minA

EXHAUSTFROM BLOWERWITH AD-JUSTABLEINSTRUMENTATIONTO INDICATE AlAFLOW RATE

PIEZOMETER

TEMPERATURE TAP

SPARK ARRESTER

CARBON

CARBON TRAP

BACK PRESSURE TAP

AIR FLOW VARIABLEORIFICE TO REGULATEPRESSURE DROPTHROUGH ARRESTER

A - Diameter should be large enough to e nsure negligible back pressure atmaximum air flow screen ( IS Sieve 600 micron opening ).

B - Soft target (optional), plywood or equivalent, to be used whennecessary to prevent carbon from being pulverized through the screenand shall be capable of being thoroughly cleansed, if used. .

C - Air tight access hatch to permit clean sweep down of aU materialcollected ( optional ).

D - Trap Cor removal of carbon passed through arrester.

FlO, 1 TSST ApPARATUS FOR MEASURING SPARK ARRES1ER EFFICIENCY

IS : 11822 • 1986

5.1.2.1 The measuring apparatus shall be such that the followingitems have the tolerances within the limits shown against each:

a) Rotational speed, r/Inin ± 0-5 percentb) Time, s ± 0-2 sc) Distance, m or mm ± 0-5 percentd) Force, N and torque, Nm ± 1-0 percente) Mass, kg ± 0-5 percentf) Atmospheric pressure, kPa ± 0-2 kPag) Hydraulic pressure, kPa ± 2-0 percent

h) Temperature of fuels, etc, °C ± 2°0j) Temperature readings of wet and ± O-soC

dry bulb thermometers, °C

IS Sieve 1\"0. Percent Retained1-40 mm , o to 51-18 mm I 10 to 30850 micron r 50 to 70I600 micron J () to 25

2-36 rom '1 o to 101·70 mm I 40 to 601-18 mm >- 30 to 40I850 micron J () to lO

Coarse carbon

5.1.3 Test Carbon - The test carbon used shall conform to the followingspecifications:

T..,ype of CarbonFine carbon

5.1.3.1 The test carbon shall be petroleum coke and once used maynot be used for further tests.

5.1.4 Carbon Injection Mechanism - The test carbon shall be injected by afeeder rnechanism that shall not crush or grind the material, nor shall itunduly affect the normal flow of air through the apparatus. It shall belocated approximately as shown in Fig, 1.

o 5.1.5 [J!ffi'rtntial Pressure - The test equipment as shown in Fig. 1 shallbe equipped with a piezometer ring or other device for monitoring pres­sure to the arrester. The differential pressure shall be measured with amanometer between the piezometer and the pressure tap on the dischargeside of the arrester. A piezometer calibration run should be made over the .anticipated airflow range with no spark arrester in place. The indicatedpressure recorded should be plotted and the resulting calibration curve

6

IS I 11822 • 1986

should be used to correct data recorded during subsequent tests on thesame spark arrester. At each test point, the flow rate through the arrestershall he held constant during the carbon feed cycle.

5.2 Test Procedure

5.2.1 The test equipment shall be arranged in a general configurationsimilar to that ShO"~I' in Fig. 1. The inlet duct shall be of proper size to fitthe arrester as ill normal installation.

5.2.2 The following checks can he made with no spark arrester by usinga su aight pipe equal in length and inlet diameter to that of t.he testarrester:

a) System pressure with maximum expected air delivery down to10 percent of Ilow which occurs at (jon kPa.

b) Pulverization caused by injection and/or positive test trap for thehighest tIO\V point.

No'n·~ - The out h.. t screen shall be of suflici..nt cross-sectional area to maintainminimum back pressure in the test apparatus discharge,

5.2.3 The amount of each size of test carbon to he used at each testcondition shall be 6 times the flow rate in I/min at 6·8 kl'a back pressurewith a minimum test sample of 25 g and a maximum test sample of 200 g.The How rate shall be determined with the test arrester in place.

5.2.4 The test carbon shall be fed into the air stream at a uniform rateover a period of 15 min. A tolerance of 5 min may be allowed.

5.2.5 The observations shall be recorded separately for each size of·test carbun , that is, fine and coarse at five evenly spaced air flow ratesfrom the flow at which the spark arrester creates a differential pressure of(jon kl'a and down to 10 percent of this flow. The observation may berecorded at higher f1()\V rate also if the spark arrester applications indicatea need for it.

5.2.6 Following observations shall be recorded for each flow rate:

a) Mass of test sample carbon ( ~,,~s) for both coarse carbon and finetest carbon,

b) Mass of carbon in the positive trap that is retained on a6UO-Inicron IS Sieve ( Jl"t) for each individual fun both for coarseand fine tes t carbon,

c) Air flow at th e test conditions,

d) Air temperature at spark arrester inlet,

7

IS I 11822 • 1986

e) Pressure in the system without the spark arrester installed at airflow rates specified under 5.2.5 ( PI ),

f ) Pressure in the system with the spark arrester inslalled (PI)'and

g) Differential pressure induced by the sparkPa -= ( Pi - P1 ).

6. COMPUTATIONS OF TEST RESULTS

6.1 Spark Arresting Efficiency

lYe - f1't_ X 100p, - J1'8

where

11' == spark arresting efficiency, percent; andH'. and fVt -= as defined under in 5.2.6.

arrester,

6.2 Gas Flow - The gas How can be computed by the formula givenbelow:

where

Q =- flow, dOll/s;

Jl'm - rate of air flow determined by standard laboratory instru­mentation or as specified by the manufacturer, g/s;

V -= specific mass, g/n)8;

P = gas pressure to the spark arrester, kPa; and

T -= gas temperature to spark arrester, "K,

6.3 Pre.ea.tatioD orTest Results - The test results shall be presentedin a form as given in Appendix B. The results shall also be presentedgraphically as shown in Fig. 2. In general, all tests will be carried out to aflow at which the differential pressure induced is 6-8 kPa. However, thetests can be carried out to greater flows if the necessity arises. Curves ofarresting efficiency and differential pressure will be presented as shown inFig. 2.

8

IS I 11822 • 19M

FI NE C ARBON CURVE'

COAR~E CARBON CURVE

o ....::::~_...I.---.A.---- 0

0.9 1..8 2.7 3.6 4 ..5

FLOW, d m3/s

Flo. 2 PERFORMANCE OP SPARK ARRBSTER UNDER

LABORATORY l"EST WITH AIR

APPENDIX A( Clauses 3.2 and 4.2 )

SPECIFICATION SHEET

To be Filled in by~ A ~ ~

Manufacturer Testing Institute1. a,ntral

a) Makeb) Modelc) Type

2. Dnona) Constructionb) Inner diameter, mmc) Thickness of sheet, mmd) Height, mm

To be Filled in by~ A ~

Manufacturer Testing Institute

18 I 11822 • 1986

3. StpaTalora) Constructionb) Number of slotsc) Length of slot ( radial ), mmd) Opening of slots, mm

i) At inner endii) At outer end

4. Inleta) Constructionb) Inner diameter, mmc) Thickness of sheet, rom

5. Outleta) Constructionb) Inner diameter, mmc) Length, mmd) Thickness of sheet, mm

6. Overall dimensionsa) Height, mmb) Diameter, rnm

7. Mass, kgNOTE - A 1ine sketch shall be provided by the manufacturer/applicant detail..

ing the specification.

APPENDIX B( Clause 6.3 )

DATA SHEET FOR LABORATORY TEST WITH AIR

1. Date of test2. Place of test3. Duration of test4. Atmospheric conditions

a) Temperature °Cb) Pressure, kPac) Relative humidity, percent

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