irony derived from the greek “eiron” the appearance of things differs from their reality,...
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IRONY Derived from the Greek “eiron” The appearance of things differs
from their reality, whether in terms of meaning, situation, or action
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TYPES OF IRONY VERBAL SITUATIONAL DRAMATIC
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VERBAL IRONY Figure of speech Difference between what is
spoken and what is meant e.g. When you say "Interesting,"
when someone says something that really isn't interesting
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Types of Verbal Irony Sarcasm e.g. A person reports to her friend that
rather than going to a medical doctor to treat her ovarian cancer, she has decided to see a spiritual healer instead. In response her friend says sarcastically, "Great idea! I hear they do fine work!”
* Element of ridicule, mockery
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Overstatement (Hyperbole) The meaning is an exaggeration of what the speaker means e.g. This book weighs a ton.
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Understatement Opposite to overstatement e.g. Plane about to crash due to
engine failure, and Captain says, “Ladies and Gentlemen, this is your Captain speaking. We have a small problem. All four engines have stopped.”
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SITUATIONAL IRONY Difference between what is
thought about a situation and what is actually the case
e.g. A shy, demure nun wins a Harley
Davidson bike in a lucky draw
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DRAMATIC IRONY Difference between what is intended by
actions and what is their actual outcome
A situation in which the reader or audience knows more about the immediate circumstances or future events of a story than a character within it; thus the audience is able to see a discrepancy between characters' perceptions and the reality they face
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e.g. Oedipus Rex Oedipus slays his own father and commits incest with
his mother (he was not aware of these facts). Oedipus says: A man is a fool if he thinks that he can
sin against his kinfolk and escape the wrath of the gods.
The audience, however, the moment it hears Oedipus make this declaration, knows
(1) the facts about Oedipus' parricide and incest, (2) the fact that Oedipus is unaware of these, (3) the fact that Oedipus will suffer terribly at this
revelation
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WHY IRONY? Its indirectness, its refusal to state
something simply as "the way it is."
Entails the avoidance of sentimentality through the incorporation of multiple attitudes in a single work.