PPT Notes JupiterName: ________________________________Date: _______________________Jupiter and Saturn have no surfaces________________ and most ________________ planet in the solar system:Contains almost ______ of all planetary matter in the ________________ ________________Most striking features visible from Earth: ________________________________________________Explored in detail by several space probes:________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________Using Kepler’s third law MJupiter = ______ MEarth (Earth masses)From radius and mass Average density of Jupiter ≈ ________ g/cm3

Note: How is this value calculated from the radius and mass? ________________________________________________________________________________

Jupiter cannot be made mostly of rock, like ________________ planets.Jupiter consists mostly of _____________ and ____________. H2 = ___ %; He = ___ %.Jupiter is the most rapidly ________________ planet in the solar system:Rotation period slightly less than ________________________ forces stretch Jupiter into a markedly __________ shape. (“Egg shaped”)Magnetic field at least ________________ stronger than Earth’s magnetic fieldMagnetosphere over ________________ larger than Earth’sExtremely intense _______________ _________________Very high energy ________________ can be trapped; radiation doses corresponding to ______________times lethal doses for humans! Jupiter’s axis of rotation = ______o.Just like on Earth, Jupiter’s ____________________produces ________________concentrated in rings around the magnetic ________________. ________________ times more powerful than aurorae on Earth. Jupiter’s liquid hydrogen ocean has no ________________:Gradual transition from ________________to ________________ phases as ________________ and ________________ combine to exceed the critical point.Only very thin ________________above cloud layers; transition to ________________ ________________ zone ____________________ below cloudsUsing the diagram in slide 17:

What 3 compounds are found in the atmosphere from 30 to 100 km below the cloud tops?________________ ________________________________ ________________What are their respective Fahrenheit temperatures? ________________ ________________ ________________What happens to the atmospheric temperature as you move farther toward the center of the planet?_____________________________________________________________________________________Why? ________________________________________________________________________________Dark belts and bright zonesZones ________________and ________________ than belts; ________________-________________regions of rising gasJust like on Earth, high-and low-pressure zones are bounded by ________________-________________ ________________. Jupiter’s Cloud belt structure has remained ________________ since humans began mapping them.The Great Red SpotSeveral ________________and _____________spots mixed in with cloud structure.Largest and most prominent: The ________________________________________________Has been visible for over ________________yearsFormed by rising ________carrying __________from below the clouds, creating a vast, rotating ___________Jupiter’s Ring: ________________and ________________; only discovered by ________________spacecraftComposed of ________________particles of ________________materialNot only Saturn, but ________________ gas giants have rings.________________spacecraft image of Jupiter’s ring, illuminated from behindRings must be constantly ________________ with new ________________.Ring material can’t be old because ________________________________and Jupiter’s ________________________________force dust particles to spiral down into the planet. Comet Impact on Jupiter: Impact of 21 fragments of comet ________________ in 1994 (SL = Shoemaker-Levy). Impacts occurred just behind the horizon as seen from Earth, but came into view about 15 min. later.Impact sites appeared very ________________ in the ________________.Impacts released energies equivalent to a few ________________ of ________________ (Hiroshima bomb: ~ 0.15 megaton)!

Visual: Impacts seen for many days as ________________ ________________The History of Jupiter• Formed from cold ________________ in the outer solar ______________, where ________________ were able to condense• In the interior, hydrogen becomes ________________ (very good electrical ________________)

• Rapid rotation strong ________________ field• Rapid rotation and large size belt-zone _________ pattern• ________________ from ________________ impacts onto inner moons trapped to form ________________

• Soon able to trap ______ directly through __________• ________________ materials sink to the ________________Jupiter’s Family of Moons• Over ___________________moons known now; new ones are still being discovered.• Four largest moons already discovered by ________________: The Galilean moons

• ________________• ________________• ________________• ________________• Interesting and diverse individual geologies