ipv6 the next generation

December 5, 2007 CS-622 IPv6: The Next Generation 1

IPv6The Next Generation

Saroj PatilNadine Sundquist

Chuck ShortCS622-F2007

University of Colorado, Colorado SpringsDr. C. Edward Chow


IPv6 New Features

• New header format• Larger address space• Efficient and hierarchical addressing and routing

infrastructure• Stateless and stateful address configuration• Built-in security – Authentication and Encryption• New protocol for neighboring node interaction• Extensibility – Add extension headers


IPv6 Header


IPv6 Addressing

• RFC 1884: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1884.txt• Three types

– Unicast• Packet delivered to a single interface.

– Anycast• Packet delivered to the nearest of a set of interfaces.

– Multicast• Packet delivered to all interfaces in a set.• Note: Multicast supersedes Broadcast


Unicast IPv6 Addresses

• Global Addresses: Equivalent of IPv4 addresses and are used in IPv6.

• Site-local Addresses: Deprecated by the Internet Engineering Task Force.

• Link-local Addresses: Equivalent of IPv5-based Automatic Private IP Addressing.

• Unique Local Addresses (local addresses): Replacement of Site-local Addresses.

• Address Selection Rules– Source and Destination Address Selection for IPv6


Addressing Formats• Three formats

– Preferred• 8 (16 bit fields), hexedecimal, separated by colons (:)• 1234:abcd:1234:abcd:1234:abcd:1234:abcd

– Compressed• Leading zeroes removed

– abcd:0000:0000:0000:0bcd:0000:0000:0000– abcd::bcd:0:0:0

– Transition• IPv4- compatible

• IPv4-mapped


IPv4 and IPv6 • Dual IP Layer Architecture Dual Stack Architecture

Windows Vista and Longhorn Windows Server 2003 and XP


IPv6 over IPv4 Tunneling

• The IPv4 Protocol field is set to 41 to indicate an encapsulated IPv6 packet.

• The Source and Destination fields are set to IPv4 addresses of

the tunnel endpoints.


Tunnel Configuration Example


Types of Tunnels• Configured

– Manual configuration of endpoints – Typically router-to-router

• Automatic– Intra-site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)

• Used for unicast communication across an IPv4 Intranet. – 6to4

• Used for unicast communication across the IPv4 Internet. – Teredo

• Used for unicast communication across the IPv4 Internet over network address translators (NATs).

– IPv6 Automatic Tunneling• Used for unicast communication across an IPv4 network that uses public

IPv4 addresses. – 6over4

• Used for unicast or multicast communication across an IPv4 Intranet.


Migrating to IPv6

1. Upgrade your applications to be independent of IPv6 or IPv4.

2. Update the DNS infrastructure to support IPv6 address and PTR records.

3. Upgrade hosts to IPv6/IPv4 nodes.– Hosts must be upgraded to use a dual IP layer or dual IP

stack. 4. Upgrade routing infrastructure for native IPv6 routing.5. Convert IPv6/IPv4 nodes to IPv6-only nodes.


Lessons Learned

• Windows is more difficult than Fedora to configure as a router.

• ISATAP router useful if one has complete control of the IPv4 and IPv6 networks.

• Difficult to unbind Fedora VMWare MAC address.

• Difficult to create configuration manual due to conflicting and confusing instructions in the Internet community.


Future Work

• Add a 6to4 Tunnel on the test network connected to the Internet.

• Step-by-step manual explaining how to configure Fedora Core 7 and Windows Server 2008 (“Longhorn”) in an IPv6 and IPv4 environment.

• Consistent instructions on how to configure a network that uses different types of tunneling.


References• http://www.ciscopress.com• http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers• http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/b2c271bf-abd1-4218-87a9-176dcd

d83b1b1033.mspx?mfr=true• http://www.onclick.com/it275/2001/fall/frames.htm• http://www.ip6.com/us/book/• http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1981.txt• http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt• http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1884.txt• http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2893.txt• http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb726951.aspx• http://download.microsoft.com/download/e/9/b/e9bd20d3-cc8d-4162-aa60-

3aa3abc2b2e9/IPv6.doc• Leon-Garcia, Alberto and Indra Widjaja. Communication Networks: Fundamental Concepts

and Key Architectures. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York. 2004

ipv6 the next generation

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