ipv6 and ip multicast… better together?
DESCRIPTION
Presentation to Swiss IPv6 Business Council - June 17th 2014 Zurich: http://www.ipv6conference.ch/sessions/TRANSCRIPT
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1
IPv6 and IP Multicast… better together?Steve Simlo – Product Manager NOSTG
June 2014
@stevesimlo
Steve Simlo
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Why IPv6 and Multicast are important?
Research & Discovery
Energy Efficiency
Predictive maintenance
Industrial Automation
SmartHome
Defense
Asset tracking
Intelligent Building
Smart Cities Smart Grid
Car 2 CarAgriculture
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Live content consumption by generations
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Live Stream Growth
* Ingress streams to Akamai network Source: Akamai Packet Video Workshop 2013 presentation
*
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IETF-hotel Wi-Fi – London 2014• Collected by a mostly silent node in promiscuous mode
• 75% of IPv6 traffic was multicast
3% 5%
30%
2%
49%
11%
IPv6 Multicast Traffic
mcast RS mcast RAmcast NS mcast NAmDNS LLMNR
NS from ::18%
NS host for routers39%
NS router for hosts30%
NS host for hosts12%
Multicast NS
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Unicast vs. Multicast Scaling
Server
Router
Unicast
Server
Router
Multicast
Number of Streams
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IPv6 Address Family
IPv6 Address Family
Multicast AnycastUnicast
Assigned Solicited Node
Unique Local Link Local Global Special Embedded
*IPv6 does not use broadcast
WellKnown
Temp
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Multicast Application Types
• Audio/Video• Push Media• Distribution• Announcement• Monitoring
• Market Data Applications• Conferencing• Sharing Resources• Games• Others
• Resource Discovery• Data Collection• Others
One to Many
Many to Many
Many to One
Multicast Applications
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Rendezvous points and trees
http://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cherry-tree-prunus-avium-on-grass-field-isolated-on_white-13136197http://www.shutterstock.com/pic.mhtml?src=PS5DwrRy6S3EBRIUs8iKRA-1-1&id=44779297
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It’s All About Trees• Mechanism for transmitting
information from a single source (root) to many receivers (leaves)
• Single copy of a datagram is sent from the source and replicated through the tree to receivers
• No restriction on physical or geographical boundary
Source
Do
wn
the
tree
Single copyof datagram
Replication
ReceiversReceivers
Replication
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Source trees – S comma G’s (S,G)
Source 1Source 2
Source 3
(S1,G)(S2,G)(S3,G)
The good• Optimal forwarding
• No RP needed
The bad• Needs more memory
• Either needs receiver signalling (MLDv2) or RP discovery / announcement
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Shared trees and Star comma G’s (*,G)
Source 1Source 2
Source 3
Rendezvous Point
(*,G))
The good• Needs less memory
The bad• Traffic may be flooded to all active receivers
• Forwarding path may be suboptimal
• RP discovery, announcement, management absolutely needed
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Building trees….Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
http://inhabitat.com/photos-acros-japan-is-a-mountainous-green-roofed-pyramid-planted-with-trees/
• PIM Sparse Mode
• PIM BiDir(ectional)
• Source Specific Multicast
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RP Announcement options PIMv6
• PIM-SM and PIM-BiDir require a method to discover RPs (and related groups)
• Static RP assignment
Provides static group-to-RP mapping
Anycast address may be used for redundancy
• Embedded-RP (RFC 3956)
RP and associated group address embedded in IPv6 multicast address
Single RP address only can be mapped to a group, no PIM BiDir support
Anycast address may be used for redundancy
• Boot-Strap Router (BSR) (RFC 5059)
Provides automated group-to-RP mapping and RP redundancy
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PIMv6 – good news and good news !
• PIMv6 implements PIM SM, SSM and BiDir
• PIMv6 has standardised and rationalised RP announcements
• PIMv6 has no dependency on Interdomain MSDP peering
• PIMv6 does not implement Dense Mode
• More modern devices support MLD version 2 (needed for PIM SSM)
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PIMv6 – more good news and good news !
• IGMPv1 behaviour
• Dense Mode
• MSDP
• Auto RP
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Internet Scale Multicast:Automatic Multicast without explicit Tunneling (AMT)
• Latest spec (as of April 2014)–http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-mboned-auto-multicast-
17
–Allow multicast content distribution to extend to unicast-only connected receivers
–Bring the flat scaling properties of multicast to the Internet
• Provide the benefits of multicast wherever multicast is deployed
–Let the networks which have deployed multicast benefit from their deployment
• Work seamlessly with existing applications
–No OS kernel changes
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MLD Snooping and link local multicast – RFC 3590
MLD
MLD
PIM
IPv6 uses MLDv2 for Link Local GroupsThe original specification of the Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol (MLD) for IPv6 [RFC 2710] mandates the use of a link-local IPv6 source address for the transmission of MLD messages. In addition, MLD also requires nodes to send MLD Report messages when joining any IPv6 multicast group (except the All-Nodes address and addresses of scope less than 2).
MLD Snooping usually cannot filter these groups
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Zeroconf / Service Discovery over IPv6
Personal Computer Operating Systems• Windows• Mac OS X• Linux
Appliances & Networking• Printers• Access Points• Switches• Routers
AV Equipment• Speakers• Cameras• Displays• AV Receivers
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IPv6 Multicast and WiFi – avoid the “batteryfest”
All Multicast messages require ALL hosts on link to stay awake (1-10ms)
Even if the message is not for them
Multicast [on WiFi, battery/sleepy nodes]
Wasting bandwidth – sent promiscuously as broadcast
Waking up hosts unnecessarily
Looking at ND (RS, RA, DAD, address resolution)
Duplicate address detection
Currently requires always-on to defend address
Related DAD issues
Not robust against packet loss
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IPv6 and Solicited RA’s – RFC 4861
New command added "ipv6 nd ra solicited unicast”
Old behavior: solicited RAs multicastNew behavior: Allows solicited RAs to be unicast
In addition to sending periodic, unsolicited advertisements, a router sends advertisements in response to valid solicitations received on an advertising interface. A router MAY choose to unicast the response directly to the soliciting host's address (if the solicitation's source address is not the unspecified address), but the usual case is to multicast the response to the all-nodes group.
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Router Advertisement (RA) Throttler
Router Solicitation (RS)
Triggered (RA)
Scaling the 802.11 multicast reliability issues NDP process is multicast “chatty”, consumes airtime Rate limit RA’s from the legitimate router Inspect the RS, convert the responding RA to L2 Unicast
Periodic (RA’s)
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Neighbor Discovery (ND) Multicast Suppression
(NS)
00:24:56:75:44:33 2001:db8:0:20::200:24:56:11:93:28 2001:db8:0:20::4
(Unicast NA)
(NS)(Unicast NA)
Scaling the 802.11 multicast reliability issues NDP process is multicast “chatty”, consumes airtime Caching allows the Controller to “proxy” the NA, based on gleaning Intercepting the NS and unicasting it over L2 to the target
2
4
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IPv6 Multicast Based Multimedia Services
• NTT-East rolled out native IPv6 multicast services instead of IPv4 offering IPTV, music and games:
https://www.ntt-review.jp/archive/ntttechnical.php?contents=ntr200911sf1.html
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IPv6 Multicast in Smartgrid Field Area Network
• FAN applications can leverage IPv6 Multicast services when addressing a group of end-points. In example:
o End-points firmware upgradeo AMI Head-end applications
o Demand reset messageso Demand response messageso Targeted pings Group of meters with
same read time/cycle• IPv6 Multicast has to be integrated in
network design of Utility NOC and WAN• On CG-Mesh, Field Area Router can act as
MLD proxy, therefore broadcasting the Multicast packet at Layer-2 on the Mesh
Public or Private IP
WAN
Cisco CG-NMSServer, DB
Cisco CG-NMSServer, DB
ASR 1000ASR 1000
AMI Head-End Servers, DB
AMI Head-End Servers, DB
PAN #1PAN #1PAN #2PAN #2 PAN #3PAN #3
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DT Terastream: End-to-End OptimizationThe Power of IPv6
Customer Access Aggregation
R1
R2
CoreService Production Peering
IP&Optical
Infrastructure Cloud
Mobile
Ethernet
xDSL
FTTH
IPv6
IPv4 Lightweight 4o6 - Softwire IPv4
Non-IP – MEF OAM Keyed IPv6 tunnel
Infrastructure Cloud
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Conclusions
• IPv6 deployment requires multicast
• IPv6 multicast services IN DEPLOYMENT TODAY allow bandwidth flexibility and savings for live streamed content delivery
• PIMv6 leverages IPv6 and optimizes
• IPv6 and Wireless have specific multicast considerations
• IPv6 and IP multicast….better together ? Absolutely…but look before you leap and understand where you are leaping to and why !
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IPv6 and Multicast Bedtime Stories
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References / more informationCisco IPv6 home page http://www.cisco.com/web/solutions/trends/ipv6/index.htmlCisco IPv6 Knowledge portal http://www.cisco.com/web/solutions/netsys/ipv6/knowledgebase/index.htmlCisco IPv6 Support community https://supportforums.cisco.com/community/netpro/network-infrastructure/ipv6-transitionDeploying IPv6 in the Internet Edge: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Borderless_Networks/Internet_Edge/InternetEdgeIPv6.htmlDeploying IPv6 in Campus Networks: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Campus/CampIPv6.html Deploying IPv6 in Branch Networks: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Branch/BrchIPv6.htmlSmart Business Architecture – IPv6 Guides:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns982/networking_solutions_program_home.html IPv6 FAN architecture white paper http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/energy/ip_arch_sg_wp.pdf Unified FAN architecture for Distribution Automation white paper
http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/energy/ida_wp.pdf Cisco FAN solution http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/energy/field_area_network.htmlCisco Blog IPv6 Tag http://blogs.cisco.com/tag/ipv6The Multicast Security Toolkit http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/multicast_toolkit.htmlCisco IP Multicast Security http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6593/products_ios_protocol_group_home.html
Certification, USGv6/IPV6RLPh2 https://www.iol.unh.edu/services/testing/ipv6/usgv6tested.phpRIPE554 http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-554
© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 30© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 30
IPv6 and IP Multicast… better together?Steve Simlo – Product Manager NOSTG
June 2014
@stevesimlo
Steve Simlo