iotest project: semantic interoperability

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Semantic Interoperability for IoT Services and Resources Klaus Moessner Centre for Communication Systems Research University of Surrey October 2011

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IoTest project: Semantic interoperability, presented in the session: "Interoperability ", at the Internet of Things Workshop (27.10.2011), during the Future Internet Week, Poznan, Poland, 24-28 October 2011

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Page 1: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

Semantic Interoperability for IoT Services and ResourcesKlaus Moessner

Centre for Communication Systems Research

University of Surrey

October 2011

Page 2: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

Internet of Things

• Internet of Things (IoT) vision:– large number of physical world objects interacting with each other and the ambient environment

– data/services from these objects to provide ‘real world’ services

• provide information• allow interaction

Page 3: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

Requirements

• structured representation of identified IoT concepts

• homogeneous access mechanism to heterogeneous objects with diverse capabilities

• automated machine interpretability of the possible interactions and horizontal integration with existing applications

Page 4: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

How to model Things?

• resource model– Gateway, sensors, processing resources

• entity model– Physical world objects 

• Features of interest for each entity

• service model– IoT services and interfaces

Page 5: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

IoT Services 

• services are provided by a plethora of heterogeneous objects that are often directly related to the physical world

• data and/or functionalities offered by such services provide information about the physical world and allow interaction with it 

Page 6: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

Data and services in IoT ‐ Challenges

• large‐scale networks, huge volumes of data, dynamic and sometimes unreliable data sources

• dynamicity, transient data and subject to quality changes

• scalability of the solutions

• express‐ability and extensibility of semantics and meta‐data

• heterogeneity ‐more devices are contented, more diversity

• more autonomous processes (integration, aggregation, filtering, ...) are required

• management of the resources 

Page 7: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

Role of metadata

• semantic tagging• machine‐interpretable data annotation and resource descriptions

• re‐usable ontologies• resource description framework(s)• structured data, structured query

Page 8: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

In IoT semantic models are useful for:• description of various concepts and attributes in the IoT framework

• providing machine interpretable and structured representation of resources/entities/services and domain knowledge

• supporting automated processing and decision making over various interactions and integration with existing and new applications

Page 9: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

Metadata and Semantics

• to describe:– Content– Context– Resources – Entities and features of interest

• to create:– Perception– Context and situation awareness

• to support:– Automated processes for management of resources and decision 

making

Page 10: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

Semantic interoperability for

• resource description – SENSEI resource description, IoT‐A resource model, W3C SSN Ontology,…

• entity description and domain knowledge– SENSEI entity description, IoT‐A entity model, linked data models and linked open data fro domain knowledge,…

• IoT services– In IoT.est we plan to use semantic web services (extension to OWL‐S) that we have developed in the context of the IoT‐A project. 

Page 11: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

11

W3C Incubator Group, SSN Ontology

makes observations of this type

where it is

What it measures

units

SSN-XG ontologies

SSN-XG annotations

Page 12: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

Service modelEntity Model Ontology

W3C SSN  OntologyResource Model Ontology

OWL‐S Service Profile Ontology

P(em:DomainAttribute)

OWL‐S Service Grounding Ontology

Service Model Ontology

hasInput

profile:Profile

iot:ResourceAccessAtomicProcessGrounding

em:DomainAttribute

em:DomainAttribute

P(em:DomainAttribute)

hasEffect

hasPrecondition

hasOutput

Service

presents

supports

rm:AccessInterface

hasAccessInterface

ssn:Property ssn:Property ssn:Condition ssn:Condition

hasInputType hasOutputType

hasPreconditionTypehasEffectType

iot:ObservationArea

iot:ObservationSchedule

hasObservationArea

hasObservationSchedulehasServiceType

ServiceType

OWL‐S USDL

WSML xxx

<<instanceOf>>

Page 13: IoTest project: Semantic interoperability

Service instance: an example

Entity Model Ontology

W3C SSN  Ontology

Resource Model Ontology

OWL‐S Service Profile Ontology

OWL‐S Service Grounding Ontology

Service Model Ontology

U38_TempSensorService_Profile

U38_TempSensorServiceProcessGrounding

RoomU38.hasA (AmbientTempAttribute)hasOutput

U38_TempSensor_Service

pres

ents

supports

AccessInterface_U38_temp_sensor

hasAccessInterface

U38_TempSensorService_Property

hasOutputType

U38_ObservationArea

U38_ObservationSchedule

hasObservationArea hasObservationSchedule

hasServiceType

OWL‐S

SENSEI Observation and Measurement  Ontology

TemperaturesubClassOf

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What are the challenges?

• the models provide the basic description frameworks, but alignment between different models and frameworks are required. 

• semantics are the starting point, reasoning and interpretation of data is required for automated processes. 

• real interoperability happens when data/services from different frameworks and providers can be interchanged and used with minimised intervention. 

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What are the practical steps?

• linked data approach is a promising way for integrating data from different sources and interlinking semantic descriptions

• alignment between different description models for IoT Services/Resources/Entities

• proposing reference and abstract models for semantic descriptions in IoT (e.g. similar to the W3C SSN approach)

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References and links

• Suparna De, et al, Service modelling for the Internet of Things– http://www.iot‐a.eu/public/public‐documents/documents‐1/1/2/service‐

modelling‐for‐the‐internet‐of‐things/at_download/file

• W3C SSN – http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/XGR‐ssn‐20110628/

• Claudia Villalonga, A Resource Model for the Real World Internet– http://www.springerlink.com/content/ejxm56331g8w7rk2/fulltext.pdf

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Thank you!