iot (internet of things) and its smart applications · iot (internet of things) and its smart...

IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS) and Its Smart Applications

B.Meghana , V.Rijwana Parveen, G.Supriya, Mr. Rajasekhar Sastry,

Dr.B V Ramana Murthy and Mr. C.Kishor Kumar Reddy

Stanley College of Engineering and Technology for Women, Hyderabad

[email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]

[email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Internet of things (IOT) is an important technology that helps human beings to build smart life. Internet of

Things is such a specified and dignified domain which leads us to real world scenario. Today, as Sensing,

Actuation, communication, and control become more sophisticated as there is significant overlap in technical

communities. To solve problems in IOT, a vision for how IOT could change the present world is presented

first. Evolution of IOT is briefly discussed after its vision. The world is becoming smart in every aspect by the

technology of IOT. IOT provides a means for smart cities, smart health care, smart homes and buildings, In

addition to many other applications such as smart grid, energy, transportation, waste management and

monitoring. In this paper we review the concept of many IOT applications and this survey paper states that

how IOT interrelate to various systems.

Keywords: IOT applications, Smart cities, Smart environment, Smart energy and grid, Smart manufacturing

and Smart health care.

1.Introduction

Internet of things (IOT) term represents a general concept for the ability of network devices to sense and

collect data from around the world and then, share that data across the internet, where it can be processed and

utilized for various interesting purposes. Now-a-days everyone is connected with each other using lots of

communication way.

Internet of things can be defined as the collection of two terms: one is internet, which is defined as networks

of networks which can connect billion of users with some standard internet protocols. Internet connects

several different sectors and department while using different technologies. Several devices like mobile,

personal systems and business organizations are connected to internet. The second term is thing, this term is

basically mean to these devices or objects which turn into intelligent objects.

Internet of Things sometimes referred to as the Internet of Objects, will change everything including

ourselves. The internet as an impact on education, communication, business, science, government and

humanity. Clearly, the internet is the one of the most important and powerful creations in all of human history

and now, with the concept of Internet of Things, internet has become more helpful to live a smart life in every

aspect. Internet of Things, anything’s will able to communicate to the internet at any time from any place to

provide any services by any network to anyone.

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume VI, Issue I, January/2019

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Figure 1. Internet of Things Concepts

Now-A-Days everywhere like, at railway station, shopping malls, in colleges an information desk is

mandatory that provides information about the train schedule, promotional offers and important notice

immediately. From educational organization perspective, the problem is that it requires some staff that is

dedicated to that purpose and that must have up to date information about the institute and the recent

happenings in the institute. The best tool is cell phone, which are available to almost everyone and that is

connectable to internet to download latest information. The essential idea of the IOT has been around for

nearly two decades, and has attracted many researches and industries because of its great estimated impact in

improving our daily lives and society.

2.Literature Survey

Vermesan et al[1] define the IOT as “It is an interaction between the physical world and digital world.

Digital world interacts with physical world using a plethora of sensors and actuators.Pena-lopez et al[2]

defines the IOT as “a paradigm in which computing and networking capabilities are embedded in any kind of

conceivable object.

IOT can be described as connecting objects like Internet TV’s, sensors, smart -phones to the internet where

the devices are intelligently linked together and enabling new forms of communication between things and

people was explained by S.D.T.Kelly, N.K.Suryadevara et al[3].IOT can be defined as “a network of

intelligent objects that have the capacity to auto-organize, share information, data and resources, reacting and

acting in face of situations and changes in the environment” was proposed by Ms.NehaKamdar,Vinita Sharma

et al[4].

Internet of things can be defined as the collection of Internet and things where Internet is defined as

networks of networks which can connect billions of users with some standard Internet protocols and thing

means the devices or objects which turn into intelligent objects by the authors Somayya

Madakam,R.Ramaswamy et al[5].

Andrea zanella, Angelo Castellani et al [6] have analyzed in their research that arrangements are accessible

for the usage of urban IOT. The empowering advances, moreover, have come to level of development that

takes into consideration the down to earth acknowledgement of IOT arrangements.

According to Faquaha,M.Guizani et al [7],there are number of applications of IOT. In this paper seven

applications have been discussed and these applications are used in various aspects. The optional smart phone

applications takes care of the fact that the user may also wish to control his home appliances without sensors

being triggered.



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3.Vision and IOT Scope

Many people hold the view that cities and the world itself will be overlaid with sensing and actuation, many

embedded in “Things” creating what is referred to as a smart world. What will be the platform or platform that

supports such a vision?

One possibility is a global sensing and actuation utility connected to the internet. IOT will not be seen as

individual systems, but as a critical, integrated infrastructure upon which many applications and services can

run. some applications will be personalized such as digitizing daily life activities, others will be city-wide

such as efficient, delay-free transportation, and others will be worldwide such as global delivery systems. In

cities perhaps, there will be no traffic lights and even 3D transportation vehicles. Smart buildings will not only

control energy or security, but integrate personal comfort. In fact, smart watches and phones will act as

personalized input to optimize city-wide services benefiting both the individual and society.

Figure 2. Growth Of IOT

The above figure shows the growth of the things connected to the internet from 1988 to forecast 2020.Today

more than 60 companies for leading technology, in communications and energy, working with standards, such

as IETF, IEEE and ITU to specify new IP based technologies for IOT. The success of IOT depends on

standardization, which provides interoperability, compatibility, reliability and effective operations.

4.History Of IOT

Figure 3. Evolution Of IOT



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The IOT domain leads to the world of technology and communication to a new era where objects can

communicate, compute and transform the information as per the requirements. This scenario of

communication has already been started but didn’t get recognized. The term IOT was coined by Kevin

Auston, the executive director of Auto-ID labs in MIT in1999.

The concept of IOT first became very popular through the Auto-ID center in 2003 and in related market

analyticand its publications. When the concept of such communication came into existence, different

companies focused on it and tried to recognize its significance and began to identify its role and the correlated

future aspects, then these companies start investing in the domain of IOT in different periods but at regular

intervals of time.

5.Architecture

There is no single consensus on architecture for IOT, which is agreed universally. architecture is proposed

differently by different researchers. Implementation of IOT concept is basically depends on its architecture. In

the initial phase of research, the three-layer architecture was introduced, which has three layers

Figure 4. IOT Architecture

5.1. PerceptionLayer: This layer also called as physical layer, gathers data/information and recognizes the

physical world. In this layer all the actuators work according to the information which is collected by sensors

and used to implement it.

5.2. Network Layer: This is the middle layer in the architecture and is used to establish an interface between

application layer and the perception layer. It is also responsible for initial processing of data.

5.3. Application Layer: IOT is implemented by using this application layer only. By this layer we can achieve

the working of sensors and actuators. This layer is required in order to complete desired task. This architecture

defines the main idea of IOT, and it is not sufficient for research as they often focus on different aspects.

6.Applications of IOT

Internet of Things promises many applications in human life, making life easier, safe and smart. There are

many applications such as smart cities, homes, transportation energy and smart environment.

Figure 5. IOT Applications



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6.1. Smart Cities

Smart city term was originated in 1998.A smart city is a community that is efficient and sustainable. Smart

cities are the integrated urban systems, whose vision involves the use of infrastructures building new systems

of mobility based on the distributed network. Infrastructure plays a key role in the development of smart

cities. Smart cities are ranked or evaluated based on the following six dimensions.

1. Smart Economy

2. Smart Mobility

3. Smart Environment

4. Smart People

5. Smart Living

6. Smart Governance

A city is designated as a smart city that city incorporates information and communication technologies (ICT)

to enhance the quality and performance of urban services such as energy, transportation and utilities in order

to reduce resource consumption, wastage and overall costs.

Some features of the smart cities are listed below:

Adequate water supply

IT connectivity and digitalization

Good governance and citizen participation

Affordable housing

Health and Education

Safety and Security of citizens

Many major cities were supported by smart projects like seoul, newyork, tokyo and dubai. Smart cities may

still be viewed as cities of future, smart life and by the innovation rate of creating smart cities today’s it will

become very feasible to enter the IOT technology in cities development.

Figure 6. Smart Cities Aspects



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Smart cities concept provides solution the solution for making the cities more efficient and sustainable. By

using smart devices and smart concepts cities can be made smart. By connecting all systems in the cities like

transportation system, healthcare system, weather monitoring system etc., In addition to support people by the

internet in every place to accessing the database of airports, railways, transportation tracking operating under

specified protocols, cities will become smarter by means of IOT.

Smart parking: Monitoring for the parking spaces availability in the city.

Structural health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in monuments, bridges and buildings.

Noise urban maps: Monitoring of sound in bar areas and centric zones.

Smart phone detection: Detection of any device like I phones, android devices etc.

Electromagnetic field levels: Measurement of the energy radiated by cell stations and Wi-Fi routes.

Traffic congestion: Monitoring of vehicles and pedestrians based on their population.

Smart lighting: Weather adapting and intelligent lighting in street lights.

Waste management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize the trash collection routes.

Smart roads: Intelligent highways with warning messages and diversions according to climate conditions

and unexpected events like traffic jams etc.

6.2. Smart Home and Buildings

WIFI’s technologies in home automation has been used primarily due to the networked nature of deployed

electronics where electronic devices such as Tv’s, mobile devices etc., are usually supported by WIFI-For

example a networking to provide online streaming services or network at homes, may provide a mean to

control of the device functionality over the network. At the same time mobile devices ensure that consumers

have access to a portable “controller” for the electronics connected to the networks. Both types of devices can

be used as gate ways for IOT application.

Home automation is the process of controlling home appliances using various control techniques. The real

time monitoring of home appliances is possible by reducing energy consumption. Smart home has become a

ladder of success in the residential spaces and it has become common as smart phones in the world.

In home by using the IOT system remotely monitor and manage our home appliances and cut down on your

monthly bills and resource usage.

Remote control appliances

Intrusions detection systems

Figure 7. Smart Home and Buildings applications



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By the concept of IOT, homes and buildings may operate many devices and objects smartly, of the most

interesting application of IOT in smart homes and buildings are smart lightening. The future IOT will provide

an intelligent building management system which can be considered as a part of a much larger information

system used by facilities managers in buildings to manage energy use and energy procurement and to maintain

building system.

6.3. Smart Energy and The Smart Grid

A smart grid is related to the information and control and developed to have a smart energy management.

Many applications can be handled due to the IOT for Smart grids, such as industrial, solar power, nuclear

power, vehicles, hospitals and cities power control.

Figure 8. Smart Grid Applications

Today’s grid is very reliable and can deal with normal electricity fluctuations and it will take a step further

towards using a low carbon energy system, by allowing integration between the renewable energy and green

technology and offering many benefits to customer in cost savings through efficient energy use at home. The

key elements of information and communications technologies will include sensing and monitoring the

technologies for power flow; digital communications infrastructure to transmit data across the grid; smart

meters with in home display to inform energy usage; coordination, control and automation systems to

aggregate and process various data, and to create a highly interactive responsive electricity.

6.4. Smart Health

A close attention that required to hospitalized patients whose physiological status should be monitored

continuously can be constantly done by using IOT monitoring technologies.



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For smart health sensors are used to collect comprehensive physiological information and uses gateways and

the cloud to analyze and to store the information and then send the analyzed data wirelessly to caregivers for

further analysis and review as shown in figure.

Figure 9. Smart Health Care Concept

In this way, it simultaneously improves the quality of care through constant attention and lowers the cost of

care by reduces the cost of traditional ways of care in addition to data collection analysis. Many peoples

around the world are suffering from the bad health because they don’t have ready access to effective health

monitoring and may be a suspected to be as critical situation patients.

Few more applications are given below:

Fall detection

Medical fridge

Sports men care

Patients surveillance

Ultraviolet radiation

These solutions can be used to securely capture patient health data from a variety of sensors, apply complex

algorithms to analyze the data and then share it through wireless connectivity with medical professionals who

can make appropriate health recommendations. Since effective healthcare is everyone’s right. Hence IoT-

based healthcare services may be perceived as a low-cost technology.

6.5. Smart Transportation and Mobility

The development in transportation is one of the factors to indicate the wellbeing of the country. A road

condition monitoring and alert application is one of the most important IOT transformation application. The

main idea of the concept of Smart transportation and mobility is to apply the principles of crowd sourcingand



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participatory sensing. The process began with user identified the route wishes and marked some points as

pothole in the smart phone’s applications.

Figure 10. Smart Transportation

The smart transportation is deal with three main conceptions as shown above, they are

Transportation analytic

Transportation control

Vehicle connectivity

IOT can also be used in transportation in an electric vehicle, which is an important means to reduce both the

fuel cost and the impact of global warming have also gained considerable attention from drivers.

Smart roads: Intelligent highways with warning messages and diversions according to climate conditions and

unexpected events like accidents.

6.6. Smart Factory and Smart Manufacturing

The smart factory will fundamentally change how products are invented, manufactured and shipped.

Industries and manufacturing revolution became one of the most developed technologies now-a-days, the

growth of industry evolution taken many generations.

The First Generation-Mechanical Machines, Water and Stream Power.

The Second Generation-Mass Production, Assembly Lines and Electricity.

The Third Generation-Industries Operated Under Control of Computers and Automation.

The Fourth Generation-Industry 4.0



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Figure 11. Smart Factory

Few applications of industrial control:

M2M applications: Machine to machine application are used to auto-diagnosis the problem of

control.

Indoor air quality: Monitoring of oxygen levels and toxic gas inside chemical plants to ensure the

safety of workers in industry.

Temperature monitoring: Monitoring the temperature in the industry.

Ozone presence: Monitoring the ozone levels in food factory during the drying meat process.

Vehicle Auto-diagnosis: information is collected by bus and sends the real time alarms in

emergencies or providing advises during emergencies to drivers.

6.7. Smart Environment

Environment plays a major effect in human life. people, even animals, birds, fishes and plants may be

affected in unhealthy environment. Creating of a healthy environment is not easy because of industries and

transportation wastes with irresponsible human activities are daily factors that make the environment

damaged.

Smart environment is an important technology in our everyday life which provides many facilities and

solutions for many environmental applications such as water and air pollution, wealth and radiation

monitoring, waste management, natural disaster and many other environment indicators.The IOT technology

is able to monitoring and managing the air quality by to collecting data from remote sensor across the city,

and providing full-time geographic coverage to achieve a way of better managing urban traffic in major cities.

For weather monitoring by data exchange IOT provides great resolution . One of the most emerging

application domains for Sensor Networks is the Smart Environments.



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Cloud computing plays an important role in building up the smart environment and has become a major part

in developing new features in present technology. Cloud is the most convenient to deal with data produced by

IOT and, it generates new opportunities for data aggregation, integration, and sharing with third parties.

IOT can provides an effective way to communicate between each of these resource sensors with research and

monitoring centers to make appropriate decisions in the consumption of these sources. The IOT can also be

used to measure the levels of pollution of water in order to form decisions on water usage and treatment.

There are many applications of IOT in environment and that can be divided into two main categories:

Environmental resources management

Environmental quality and protection management

The resources management relates to natural resource include animals, plants and forests, birds and fishes,

coal, petroleum, land, fresh water, air and heavy metals including gold, copper and iron.

Radiation, of course is one of the most serious problems facing the safety of the environment. The radiation

produced by nuclear power plants and some industries negatively affected safety of an environmental and

human health, animal and agricultural productivity.

For nuclear radiations, radiation control IOT sensors network is able to continuous monitoring of radiation

levels around nuclear facilities. For leakage detection and propagation prevention.

7.Conclusion

The internet of things depends on internet, sensors technology which makes the communication possible

among devices by implementing different protocols. After doing the literature survey some major issues or

observed, like the interrupted connectivity among devices effecting the communication. Also, there is

compatibility issue in devices. Security of devices during communication process and security of

communication channel or link is also a major issue. Lots of work is to be done for the betterment and

progress of this field; still there is more work to do more standardization of technology, protocols and

hardware are required to make completely reliable and secure domain of IOT.

IOT is a new technology which provides many applications to connect the things to things and human to

things through the internet. Each object in the world can be identified, connected to each other through

internet taking decisions independently. All networks and technologies are mobile computing. RFID, wireless

sensors networks, and embedded systems, in Addition to many algorithms and methodology to get

management processes, stored data and security issues. IOT requires standardized approach for architectures,

identification schemes, protocols and frequencies will happen parallels, each one targeted for a particular and

specific use. By the IOT many small applications become real in our life, which enable us to reach and contact

with everything in addition to facilities many important aspects for human life such as smart health care, smart

homes, smart energy, smart cities and smart environment.

IOT promises to deliver a step change in individual’s quality of life and enterprises productivity. Through a

widely distributed, locally intelligent network of smart devices, the IOT as the potential to enable extensions

and enhancements to fundamental services in transportation, logistics, security, utilities, education, health care

and other areas, while providing a new ecosystem for application development. A concerted effort is required

to move the industry beyond the early stages of market development towards maturity, driven by common

understanding of the distinct nature of the opportunity. This market has distinct characteristics in the areas of

service distribution, business and charging models, capabilities required to deliver IOT services, and the

differing demands these services will place on mobile networks. This proposes model will replace the

advertisement system in big shopping complex like big bazar, reliance fresh etc., Even we can maintain the

humidity inside the big shopping malls without any human efforts. Also, we can use this prototype system for



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the educational organization or railway station. The future depends on internet of things, so lot of thing to do

at implementation level.

References

[1]O. Vermesan, P. Friess, P. Guillemin et al., “Internet of things strategic research roadmap,” in Internet of

Things:Global Technological and Societal Trends, vol. 1,pp.9-52,2011.

[2]I.Pena-Lopez,Itu Internet Report 2005:The Internet of Things, 2005.

[3]S. D. T. Kelly, N. K. Suryadevara, S. C. Mukhopadhyay, “Towards the Implementation of IOT for

Environmental Condition Monitoring in Homes”, IEEE, Vol. 13,pp.3846-3853,2013.

[4]Ms.Neha Kamdar, Vinita Sharma, Sudhanshu Nayak, “A Survey paper on RFID Technology, its

Applications and Classification of Security/Privacy Attacks and Solutions,”IRACST-International Journal of

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August 2016.

[5]Somayya Madakam, R. Ramaswamy, Siddharth Tripathi, “Internet of Things(IOT) :A Literature

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[6]Andrea zanella, Internet of Things for Smart cities, International Journal of modelling and simulation 10.

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2376,2015.

[8] Nicholas Dickey, Darrell Banks, and Somsak Sukittanon, “Home automation using cloud network and

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[11] B. S. S. Tharaniya soundhari, M., “Intelligent interface based speech recognition for home automation

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[12] B. R. Pavithra, D., “IOT based monitoring and control system for home automation,” pp. 169 – 173,

April 2015.

[13] I.Pe˜na-L´opez,ItuInternetReport2005:TheInternetofThings, 2005.

[14] O. Vermesan, P. Friess, P. Guillemin et al., “Internet of things strategic research roadmap,” in Internet of

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[15] Ms. Supriya Chandrakant Padwal M.E. (VLSI & ES), Dept. of E&TC Sahyadri Valley College of Engg.

& Tech. Pune, India. Mr. Suraj Vishnu Kurde Department of Computer Engg. Sahyadri Valley College of

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