ionic compounds using polyatomic ions chapter 5. 2 what is a polyatomic ion? a cluster of atoms...
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Ionic Compounds usingPolyatomic Ions
Chapter 5
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What is a Polyatomic Ion?
A cluster of atoms (usually nonmetals) that use molecular bonding within the cluster.
More than one atom covalently bonded (sharing electrons) together carrying a charge (the cluster needs to gain or lose electrons to be satisfied).
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-ates and -ites
nitriteNO2
-1
sulfiteSO3
-2
phosphitePO3
-3
nitrateNO3
-1
sulfateSO4
-2
phosphate
PO4-3
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Notable Exceptions
ammonium(a positive polyatomic)
NH4+1
cyanide CN-1
hydroxide OH-1
ferricyanide Fe(CN)6-3
ferrocyanide Fe(CN)6-4
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What if there’s more than two?
hypochlorite ClO-1
chlorite ClO2-1
chlorate ClO3-1
perchlorate ClO4-1
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Write the chemical formula for calcium chlorate
• Ca+2 ClO3-1
Ca(ClO3)2
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7
Write the chemical formula for aluminum carbonate
• Al+3 CO3-2
Al2(CO3)3
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8
Write the chemical formula foriron (III) dichromate
• Fe+3 Cr2O7-2
• note that dichromate does not mean two chromates, it is a particular ion
✓ it got its name for the two chromium’s in the ion, not because there will be two of the polyatomic ions in the compound
Fe2(Cr2O7)3
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9
Write the chemical formula for nickel(II) nitrite
• Ni+2 NO2-1
• Note the charge on the nitrite is -1 not 2x-1, the subscript 2 is part of the ion.
Ni(NO2)2
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10
Write the chemical formula for gallium cyanide
• not GaCN3
✓ you need 3 cyanides to go with the one gallium
Ga(CN)3
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Write the name for Mn(SO4)2
Manganese(IV) sulfate
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Write the name for (NH4)3PO4
Ammonium phosphate• ammonium, NH4
+1 is one of the few positive polyatomic ions
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Write the name for Ca2Fe(CN)6
• how do you know whether it is ferrocyanide or ferricyanide?
✓ look at the fact that there are 2 Ca+2 ions present
✓ that means that the total cation is +4 and thus the anion must be -4 to match.
calcium ferrocyanide
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Write the name for AuSCN
gold(I) thiocyanate
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15
Write the chemical formula for tin(IV) hydroxide
Sn(OH)4
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Write the name for CuCO3
copper(II) carbonate
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Write the chemical formula for copper(I) ferrocyanide
Cu2Fe(CN)6
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Write the name for CoAs
cobalt(III) arsenide
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19
Write the chemical formula for uranium(VI) fluoride
UF6
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20
Write the name forcadmium acetate
Cd(C2H3O2)2
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21
Write the chemical formula for iron(III) sulfite
Fe2(SO3)3
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Write the name for Cr(ClO)3
chromium(III) hypochlorite
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23
Write the chemical formula for ammonium nitrate
NH4NO3
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24
Write the name for Mg(OH)2
magnesium hydroxide
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25
Write the chemical formula for K3Fe(CN)6
potassium ferricyanide
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Write the name for Pb(Cr2O7)2
lead(IV) dichromate
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It’s all in the name....
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Which formula contains the most number of “atoms?”
11 atoms 7 atoms
Mn(SO4)2 Cr(ClO)3
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Which formula contains the greatest number of ions?
3 ions 4 ions
Mn(SO4)2 Cr(ClO)3
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30
Which formula has the highest total charge on the anions?
- 4 - 3
Mn(SO4)2 Cr(ClO)3
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Which formula has the largest molar mass?
55+2(32)+8(16) 52+3(35.5)+3(16)= 247 = 206.5
Mn(SO4)2 Cr(ClO)3