iom global migration data analysis centre summary of ... research o… · • project funded by the...
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IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis CentreResearch on Forced and Irregular Migration
EU and Global Asylum-Related Migration Research – Gaining an OverviewFirst international conference
European Asylum Support OfficeMalta, 16 May 2016
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IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC)
Officially launched by DG Swing, on September 7th, 2015
Enhance IOM’s global migration data collection & analysis
Part of IOM’s HQ Global migration challenges
4 staff from Geneva + new recruits
3 key goals1. Provide timely and authoritative analysis of data on global migration issues2. Enhance IOM’s efforts to build the data capacities of Member States and Observers3. Promote a better understanding and use of migration data, including IOM data
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Key Areas
1. Data Analysis of Global Migration TrendsGlobal Database on missing migrants Global Migration TrendsData Briefings
Determinants of asylum-related migration to Europe (EASO)Fatal Journeys 2015Measuring Well-Governed Migration (EIU)
Examples of Activities
IOM Statistical ReportIOM Assisted Voluntary Return Data Brief
GMG Migration & Development Data HandbookMigration data guidelines and tools (e.g. ECOWAS, South Africa)
Global Migration Policy Survey (with UNDESA)Migration & Development Seminar series Representing IOM at IAEG on SDGs
2. In-depth studies
3. IOM Data
4. Data Capacity-Building
5. Policy Engagement
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Research on drivers of asylum-related migration (1)
• Literature review of significant push/pull factors for determining asylum-related migration- Commissioned by EASO, in partnership with Maastricht University
• Purpose: to provide an exhaustive list of significant factors influencing the decision to leave/claim asylum in the EU
• Methodology: 2 stages1. Compilation of a database on the literature on determinants of asylum-related migration (keywords)2. Determination of extent of relative consensus/divergence on the importance of identified determinants(qualitative methods)
• Complexity of “mixed migration” drivers Literature on both forced/irregular and economic (labour) migration
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• Content1. Overview of migration models relevant for explaining asylum-related migration2. Discussion of factors that have been consistently (inconsistently) identified as significant3. Limitations of push/pull factors framework, gaps and future research needs4. Literature database (including list of “push”, “pull” and “intervening” factors)
• Caveats- Vast and diverse body of literature challenging to compare studies- Impossibility to clearly separate drivers of economic/voluntary vs. forced/involuntary movements- Divergence not lack of relevance but greater difficulty in isolating significant impact
Research on drivers of asylum-related migration (2)
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• Elements of relative consensus:- Socio-economic factors (e.g. actual and expected wage differentials, formal and informal networks)- Political factors (e.g. conflict, real or perceived threats to personal security)
• Elements of relative divergence:- Demographic variables (e.g. population growth, share of youth in total population)- Historical, cultural, geographic factors (e.g. past colonial ties, linguistic similarities, physical distance)- Environmental factors (e.g. natural disasters, environmental degradation)- Migration policy factors (e.g. restrictive policies in destination countries)
• More research needed on:- Drivers of forced/irregular migration (large-scale samples of irregular migrants)- Dynamics of migration journeys and how these shape migrants’ decisions en route (role of networks)- Impact of policies (e.g. migration and asylum policies) on migrants’ decisions
Research on drivers of asylum-related migration: findings
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• Only global database on migrant fatalities en route (deaths and disappearances)- Since 2014- Information on age, gender, origin and migration routes- Data sources: government authorities, international organizations, media- Regular data briefings, e.g. Migration of Children to Europe (with UNICEF)
• Global report: Fatal Journeys 2015: Identification and Tracing of Dead and Missing Migrants - Forthcoming (June 2016)- Estimates and trends in migrant fatalities globally (regional chapters)- Challenges of identifying dead and missing migrants
• 1 Jan – 10 May, 2016: 1,650 dead and missing (presumed dead) migrants recorded, 1,360 in the Mediterranean
• 2015, deadliest year on records for migrants: over 5,400 migrants estimated to have died or gone missing while trying to cross international borders
Missing Migrants Project (1)
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Missing Migrants Project (2)
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Global report on migrant smuggling (1)
• Follow-up to an expert meeting on migrant smuggling held in Turkey (Dec. 2015)
• Timely discussion: large increase in migrant smuggling in 2014—2015 (Eastern Med. Route)
• Benchmark report on existing data/research globally
• Chapters by regional experts- Discussion of national legislation/data sources – dearth of data in most regions (or not publicly available)- Comparison across regions diversity of practice and difficulties in collecting data- Identification of most common smuggling routes and profiles of migrants and smugglers
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Global report on migrant smuggling (2)
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• Project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID), April—October 2016
• Rationale: “Safe migration“ in the SDGs – but lack of definition and indicators
• Planned activities- 2 workshops on key aspects of safe migration to Europe (Nuremberg, June 2016 and Athens, Oct. 2016)- Data briefings and working papers to address gaps and issues identified- 2 research studies on unsafe migration from Iraq and Nigeria to Europe and return experiences- Knowledge platform on available research and data on mixed migration to Europe, by theme
“Reducing the risks of unsafe migration: linking research, data and policy”
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Contact:Frank Laczko
DirectorIOM Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC)
Twitter: @IOM_GMDAC