ioc sub-commission for the western pacific (westpac) - …iocwestpac.org/oa/29-31 aug 16/ppts/31 aug...
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OCEANACIDIFICATIONRESEARCHANDMONITORING
Dr.AnnaKuswardaniR&DCenterforMarineandCoastalResourcesMinistryofMarineAffairsandFisheries
CLIMATECHANGEISSUESONMARINEANDFISHERIESSECTORININDONESIA
INCREASE OF CO2 SEA LEVEL RISESST INCREASE
1.MARINEANDCOASTALECOSYSTEMDEGRADATION
2.SINKINGISLANDS3.OCEANACIDIFICATION4.CHANGINGONCARBON
CYCLE5.CORALBLEACHING
COMMUNITY LIVELIHOOD
1.LOSSOFHOMEFOR42MILLIONSOFCOASTALCOMMUNITIESIN20502.LOSSOFINCOME
RESOURCES3.UNCERTAINTYINFISHING
ACTIVITIESDUETOSEASONALCHANGES
4.EMERGINGDISEASES
FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
1.CHANGESOFFISHMIGRATIONPATTERN2.INCREASENUMBERSOFSTRANDEDFISH3.INCREASEOFFISH
DISEASES
CoralBleaching(CB)&HABInIndonesia
SevereCBinIndonesiaoccurredin1982/1983,1997/1998,2010,2016
CBperApril2016www.facebook.com/CoralBleachingIndonesia
HABi.e.inJakartaBay&Bali=veryfrequent
1. Ingeneral,Indonesiaplayingaroleascarbonsource3.7± 2.2molm-2 /year,particularly inNorthWestMonsoon(November – Februari)
2. Thesink area ofCO2:Makassarstrait,Banda sea andMadurastrait
3. JavaSeaisamajorcontributionofCO2totheatmosphere
CO2SINK/SOURCE
OceanandClimateImpactsonCoralBleaching
SeaSurfaceTemperature
Warmer
CoralBleaching
SeaLevelRise
Sedimentrate
CoralDisease
RainFallPatternchanges
Saliniitydecrease
Freshwaterintake
Turbiditydecreaseof
lightabsorption
SeaCurrentPatternchanges
Changesonocean
circulationand
temperature
Lackofnutrientand
larvadistribution
OceanAcidification
pHdecrease
Disturbcoralgrowth
• OceanacidificationisaseriousthreattoIndonesia’sfisheries.
• ManyreefsandfishspeciesaredyingacrosstheIndianOceanduetorisingseatemperaturebuttheoceanacidificationeffectstillnotidentified.
• ResearchonoceanacidificationinIndonesiaarelessanddifficult.
InaCOBHAS
INA-GOOS(GlobalOcean
ObservingSystem)1.Coastalbuoyarray
2.vessel-basedmonitoring
IndonesiaCoralreefmonitoring
networks
NOAABleachingAlert
validationforIndonesian
reefs
Otherlocalparameters:light,run-off,pollutionstatus,geographicalshapes,disturbancelevel(e.g.marine
tourism)
Reef‘Life-form’map
Coupledatmosphere-Land-oceanmodeltoestimate
seasonalSSTbyBureauof
Meteorology
InaCoBHAS – IndonesiaCoralBleachingandHarmfulAlgalBloomAlertSystem
OAmonitoring
GOAL/TARGETGLOBAL TARGETNASIONAL(RPJMN2015-2019)K/L
PENANGGUNGJAWAB
14.Melakukan Konservasi dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Laut,Samudera dan Maritim untukPembangunanBerkelanjutan14.1Mencegah dan mengurangi semuajenis pencemaran laut
Menurunnya beban pencemaran dantingkat kerusakan kawasan pesisir danlaut hinggatahun2019
KLHKdanKKP
14.2Mengelola dan melindungi ekosistemlaut dan pesisir secara berkelanjutan
TerkelolanyasumberdayaikanpadaZonaEkonomiEkslusifdi7WilayahPengelolaan Perikanan (WPP) padatahun2019(2015:2WPP)
KKP
14.3Meminimalisasi dan mengatasidampak pengasaman laut
Menurunnyabebanpencemarandantingkatkerusakanwilayahpesisirdanlaut di3kawasanpadatahun2019(2015:1kawasan)
KLHK
14.4Mengatur pemanenan danmenghentikan penangkapan ikanberlebihan,ilegal dan merusak,sertamemulihkan stok ikan secara layakbiologisnya
Meningkatnya produksiperikanantangkapmenjadi6.982.560tonpadatahun2019(2015:6.299.290ton)
KKP
14.5Melakukan konservasi setidaknya 10persen dari wilayah pesisir dan laut
Bertambahnya luasan kawasankonservasi perairanseluas 20juta hasampai dengan tahun 2019 (2015:17,3jutaHa)
KKP
14.6Menghilangkan subsidi yangberkontribusi terhadap penangkapan ikanilegal,tidak dilaporkan dan tidak diatur(Illegal,UnreportedandUnregulated/IUU)
Terkendalinya IUUfishingdan kegiatan dilaut yangmerusak ditandaidengankepatuhansebanyak87%pelakuusahapadatahun2019(2015:66%)
KKP
Presidentil Decree- Annex(SDGsIndonesia- Goal14)
Goal14:Conserveandsustainablyusetheoceans,seasandmarineresourcesforsustainabledevelopment
2017
• IdentifypotentialareaofOceanAcidificationinIndonesiausingBiogeochemicalModel
• CollectingpHandCO2samplefrompotentialarea(WestSumatraandBali)
2018
• CollectingpHandCO2samplefrompotentialarea
•ModelingthecarboncycleintheIndonesiaseatodefinepotentiallocationofoceanacidification
• Identifyimpactofoceanacidificationoncarbononcoastalecosystemandmarinebiota.
2019
• CollectingpHandCO2samplefrompotentialarea
•ModelingthecarboncycleintheIndonesiaseatodefinepotentiallocationofoceanacidification
• Identifyimpactofoceanacidificationoncarbononcoastalecosystemandmarinebiota.
• Developpoliciesrelatedtooceanacidificationtobeincorporatedintonationaldocumentonclimatechange
NationalBudget2017OceanAcidificationResearch
ProposedpHandCO2Sensoronmooringbuoy
• 5RAMAbuoyinIndianOcean• 1ITFbuoyinMakassarstrait
Needfurtherdiscussion
THANKYOU