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MEMORANDUM REPORT ARBRL-MR-03122

MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE RECOIL

REACTION FORCES OF THE ADMAG 75mm GUN

SYSTEM ON A HARD MOUNT

B. T. Haug R. B. Murray

August 1981

US ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORY ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.

Secondary distribution of this report by originating or sponsoring activity is prohibited.

Additional copies of this report may be obtained from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia 22161.

The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position, unless so designated by other authorized documents.

Th.ii :(.-<t ,'■' titxde unmet; in' manufaaturere ' nmnei: in th.i;: mport .ic\'s! not ,.\.'nt^titutd indovstement of any aormercial product.

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whan Data Entered)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

1. REPORT NUMBER

MEMORANDUM REPORT ARBRL-MR-03122

2. GOVT ACCESSION NO, 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

4. TITLE Cand Subtitle;

MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE RECOIL REACTION FORCES OF THE ADI^AG 75 mm GUN SYSTEM ON A HARD MOUNT

5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

Memorandum Report 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHORfs;

B.T. HAUG R.B. MURRAY

8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERfsJ

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory ATTN: DRDAR-BLI Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

1L162618AH80 1L162603AH18

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS U.S. Army Armament Research ^ Development Command U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory ATTN- DRDAR-BL „ , ..^ _,_,_^ ""erdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

12. REPORT DATE

AUGUST 1981

&

13. NUMBER OF PAGES

42 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME ft ADDRESSfi/d/Morent from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS, (of title report)

UMCLASSLLEIETL ISa.DECLASSlFIC ATI ON/DOWN GRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thfa Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT fol the abelract entered In Block 30, If different from Report)

18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse aide If neceeemiy and Identify by block number)

ADMAG 75 mm TRUNNION GAUGE RECOIL RFACTinN FORCFS

REACTION MOMENTS TORSIONAL IMPULSE

20. ABSTRACT (CaattBum ea rerermm atOm ft rtac^eeary aad Identify by block number) jmK

The ADMAG system was instrumented to characterize the dynamic response o£ the gun needed to validate system simulations being developed for MC-AAAC as a part of the HSTVL program. This report deals with the measurement and analysis of recoil reaction forces at the trunnions. The resulting data are presented for use as input to the gun dynamics simulations.

DD.: ̂̂ 73 1473 EDITION OF • NOV 6S tS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSrFICATIOM OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 5

I. INTRODUCTION 7

II. PROCEDURE 7

III, DESCRIPTION 9

IV, REDUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF FORCE DATA 10

V, RESULTS 24

VI. CONCLUSION 24

DISTRIBUTION LIST 41

LIST OF ILLUSTRATION

Figure Page

1. Trunnion Mount Assembly 8

2. Positive Orientation of Recoil Reaction Forces ....... 9

3. Gage, Trunnion Reaction 10,000 lbs 10

4. Left Vertical Trunnion Gauge Reaction Force 11

5. Left Horizontal Trunnion Gauge Reaction Force 12

6. Left Lateral Trunnion Gauge Reaction Force 13

7. Right Vertical Trunnion Gauge Reaction Force 14

8. Right Horizontal Trunnion Gauge Reaction Force 15

9. Right Lateral Trunnion Gauge Reaction Force 16

10. Reaction Moment About Trunnion Axis 17

11. Left Vertical Trunnion Gauge Recoil Reaction Force 18

12. Left Horizontal Trunnion Gauge Recoil Reaction Force .... 19

13. Left Lateral Trunnion Gauge Recoil Reaction Force 20

14. Right Vertical Trunnion Gauge Recoil Reaction Force 21

15. Right Horizontal Trunnion Gauge Recoil Reaction Force. ... 22

16. Right Lateral Trunnion Gauge Recoil Reaction Force 23

17. Total Recoil Reaction Force Along X-Axis ..... 25

18. Total Recoil Reaction Force Along Y-Axis 26

19. Total Recoil Reaction Force Along Z-Axis ... 27

20. Total Recoil Reaction Force at Elevation Link 28

21. Total Recoil Reaction Moment About X-Axis 29

22. Total Recoil Reaction Moment About Y-Axis , , , . 30

23. Total Recoil Reaction Moment About Z-Axis. ... 31

24. Chamber pressure - Uncalibrated ,..,,.. 32

5

LIST OF ILLUSTRATION (Continued)

Figure ^^®

25. Recoil Reaction Impulse X-Axis 33

26. Recoil Reaction Impulse Y-Axis ^4

27. Recoil Reaction Impulse Z-Axis • 35

28. Recoil Reaction Impulse at Elevation Link 36

29. Recoil Torsional Impulse About X-Axis 37

30. Recoil Torsional Impulse About Y-Axis 38

31. Recoil Torsional Impulse About Z-Axis 39

I. INTRODUCTION

The Ballistic Research Laboratory [BRL) became involved in the Medium Caliber Anti-Armor Automatic Cannon (MC-AAAC) program by proposing a method of measuring the motion of the 75 mm Advanced Design Mobility and Agility (ADMAG) gun system during firing. This gun, developed by Aries, Inc., Port Clinton, OH., is the main armament for the High Survivability Test Vehicle-Light (HSTV-L). .

Large Caliber Weapons Systems Laboratory [LCWSL), Army Research and Development Command (ARRADCOM) requested that BRL measure the ballistic parameters necessary for their computer simulation of the gun system.

This report deals with the measurement of recoil reaction forces at the gun trunnions. Subsequent reports will contain further data and analysis as it is completed.

II. PROCEDURE

Scaling up of existing techniques developed for small arms dynamic testing seemed the most feasible method of measuring the gun trunnion reaction forces. Calculated reaction forces for the gun system fell within the load limits of existing force gages produced by the Interior Ballistics Division (IBD) in the past. To determine the reaction forces in the six degrees of freedom between the mount and the ADMAG gun system, the receiver was attached to the rigid mount by means of six force gages in an assembly shown in Figure 1. A seventh gage was created by placing strain patches on the elevation link that was attached to the receiver from the gun mount. Figure 2 shows the positive orientation of the reaction forces as measured by the gages. The gun trunnion mounts were designed at IBD and manufactured by Aircraft Armaments Inc., (AAIl. Initially, firing tests for recording reaction forces were scheduled for Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), but program delays were encountered in the delivery of the ADMAG. In order to avoid further delays, the reaction force measurements were incorporated into the hardstand test firing at Yuma Proving Ground (YPG).

On arrival at YPG, the gun trunnion mount was assembled and the gun positioned for firing. Due to aiming requirements, the axis of the trunnion mounts was not coincidental with the gun axis nor with the ground. Off-axis deviation was recorded prior to firing and the deviations required a 7.77° shift in the force vector as shown in Figure 2. The gun instrumentation included the six trunnion force gages, the instrumented elevation link, twelve accelerometers mounted on the gun barrel, and pressure gages in the chamber and recoil pistons. A muzzle velocity measurement device developed at IBD^ was attached at the muzzle. Static measurements were made of tube droop and muzzle orientation prior to

J.Q. Schmidtj A Radio Frequency Oscillator for Measuring Projectile Muzzle Velocity^ BRL Technical Report ARBRL-TR-02158, April 1979,

§ lA in <

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c c

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Elevation Link

V,L,H - Positive Orientation of Recoil Reaction Forces, Trunnion Axes

X ,Y ,Z - Positive Orientation of Recoil Reaction Forces, Gun Pxes

a - 7.77° ^ between trunnion and gun axes

Figure 2. Positive Orienteitipn of Recoil Reaction Forces

commencing the firing prograin.

III. DESCRIPTION

A trunnion reaction force gage, shown in Figure 3, is a cylindrical section of high strength steel. The active section is the thin-walled center which" provides high support strength but allows elastic deformation for the gage sensitivity. The wall thickness determines the range and

O.D. 0.590 ± .001 Drill, 2 Holes

Us e Type CG-350 OHM Strain Patch

Note: Ends of Gage Must Be

Square with Horizontal

Scale 1:1. All Dimensions In Inches

Note: P]^ measurements have been retained in English units because the original drawing is dimensioned in inches and there is no metric equivalent for the designated thread.

Figure 3. Gage, Trunnion Reaction 10,000 lbs.

sensitivity of the gage, while the uniform cylindrical section provides for a linear deformation of the two resistive strain patches mounted on the center section. These patches are positioned to measure longitu- dinal strain and are mounted opposite each other to compensate for bend- ing moments. Care must be taken in mounting these gages that the fragile center section is not exposed to a damaging torque. Loading the unit in tension or compression produces a resistive change proportional to the applied load.

IV. REDUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF FORCE DATA

Figures 4 thru 10 show the characteristic reaction forces at each trunnion gage and the reaction moment about the trunnion axis as measured by the elevation link for one round. These plots are the result of low pass filtering the data at 160 Hz, and then digitizing and converting the data to engineering units. By the use of the spectrum analyzer it was determined that a 10 Hz high pass filter would remove the first vibrational mode as well as the higher modes. With this in mind, the data was digitally high pass filtered at 10 Hz and the results subtracted from the original data leaving only the recoil reaction forces. Figures 11 thru 16 show the results of this operation.

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To arrive at the total recoil reaction forces along the gun axes, the forces at each gage were rotated through 7.77" about the trunnion mount. The total recoil reaction forces along each axis are plotted in Figures 17 thru 20. The moments about each trunnion axis, computed from the recoil reaction forces, are shown in Figures 21 thru 23.

The chamber pressure was measured by external strain gages. Knowing the wall thickness at the gage location, and knowing the gage factor, the magnitude of the chamber pressure was calculated. Since the positioning of the strain gages on the chamber was not precise due to the configuration of the gun system, the amplitude of the chamber pressure may be biased. The peak pressure appears to be within 10% of previous measurements made on this gun system. The chamber pressure is plotted • in Figure 24 to help correlate the timing of the firing cycle with the trunnion records. The time scale is the same for all the plots so that the pressure plot may be used to establish the firing time, an initiation point from which to determine the action time of the gun system.

Integrating the force curves yields the impulse, or momentum due to the recoil. The forces were integrated and the resulting translational and rotational recoil reaction impulses are plotted in Figures 25 thru 31.

V. RESULTS

By the use of digital spectral analysis and selective filtering, the recoil reaction was readily separated from the vibrating response of the gun system. Separated in this manner, three forces, three moments, and their corresponding impulse are established and therefore can be used as input to gun dynamics simulations. A subsequent step in the analysis of this data deals with vibration analysis, establishing structural damping ratios and response frequencies.

VI. CONCLUSION

Trunnion force gages have been used extensively on small caliber gun systems at BRL. This program demonstrated that the trunnion force gages could be used effectively to measure trunnion forces on large caliber gun systems as well.

The use of spectral analysis techniques and selective digital filtering allows the analyst to readily separate the different components of the data. The recoil impulse was readily separated from the vibrating response of the gun system using these techniques.

The combination of the trunnion force gages and the digital signal processing techniques was highly successful in providing critical input data for gun system simulation efforts in the program. Currently the data is being used by S^D Dynamics Inc., under contract with BRL to verify gun simulations. In addition to the trunnion reaction forces discussed in this report, principal modes of vibration and effective damping of those have been determined.

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39

DISTRIBUTION LIST

No. of Copies

12

Organization

Commander Defense Technical Info Center ATTN: DDC-DDA Cameron Station Alexandria, VA 22314

1 HQDA (DACS-CV, LTC T. Covington) Washington, DC 20310

1 Commander US Army Materiel Development

and Readiness Command ATTN: DRCDMD-ST 5001 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria, VA 22333

2 Commander US Army Armament Research

and Development Command ATTN: DRDAR-TSS Dover, NJ 07801


and Development Command ATTN: DRDAR-SCF-AV,

Mr. Kenn Pfleger Dover, NJ 07801


and Development Command ATTN: DRDAR-SCF-CC,

Mr. Joseph Schmitz Dover, NJ 07801


and Development Command ATTN: DRDAR-LCS-D,

Mr. Kenneth D. Rubin Dover, NJ 07801

1 Director US Army ARRADCOM Benet Weapons Laboratory ATTN: DRDAR-LCB-TL Watervliet, NY 12189

No. of Copies Organization

1 Director US Army ARRADCOM Benet Weapons Laboratory ATTN: DRDAR-LCB

Dr. Thomas Simpkins Watervliet, NY 12189

1 Commander US Army Armament Materiel

Readiness Command ATTN: DRSAR-LEP-L, Tech Lib Rock Island, IL 61299

1 Commander US Army Aviation Research

and Development Command ATTN: DRDAV-E 4300 Goodfellow Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63120

1 Director US Army Air Mobility Research

and Development Laboratory Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035

1 Commander US Army Communications Rsch

and Development Command ATTN: DRDCO-PPA-SA Fort Monmouth, NJ 07703

1 Commander US Army Electronics Rsch

and Development Command Technical Support Activity ATTN: DELSD-L Fort Monmouth, NJ 07703

1 Commander US Army Missile Command ATTN: DRSMI-R Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809

1 Commander US Army Missile Command ATTN: DRSMI-YDL Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809

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DISTRIBUTION LIST


Commander US Army Tank Automotive Rsch

and Development Command ATTN: DRDTA-UL Warren, MI 48090

Director US Army TRADOC Systems

Analysis Activity ATTN: ATAA-SL, Tech Lib White Sands Missile Range NM 88002

1 AAI Corporation ATTN: Mr. J. Hebert P. 0. Box 6767 Baltimore, MD 21204

1 ARES, Inc. ATTN: Mr. R. Simmons P. 0. Box 459 Erie Industrial Park Port Clinton, OH 43452


1 Delco Electronics ATTN: Mr. M. Leu 6767 Hollister Avenue Goleta, CA 93017

1 S§D Dynamics, Inc. ATTN: Dr. Martin Soifer 755 New York Avenue Huntington, NY 11743

Aberdeen Proving Ground

Dir, USAMSAA ATTN: DRXSY-D

DRXSY-MP, H. Cohen Cdr, USATECOM

ATTN: DRSTE-TO-F Dir, USACSL, Bldg. E3516, EA

ATTN: DRDAR-CLB-PA

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