invited workshop on strong-motion record processing convened by the consortium of organizations for...
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Invited Workshop on Strong-Motion Record ProcessingInvited Workshop on Strong-Motion Record ProcessingConvened byConvened by
The Consortium of Organizations for Strong-Motion Observation Systems The Consortium of Organizations for Strong-Motion Observation Systems (COSMOS)(COSMOS)
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research CenterPacific Earthquake Engineering Research CenterRichmond, CaliforniaRichmond, California
May 26, 27, 2004May 26, 27, 2004
Strong Motion Data Processing in Strong Motion Data Processing in Taiwan and its Engineering Application Taiwan and its Engineering Application
Chin-Hsiung LohChin-Hsiung LohDepartment of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering
National Taiwan UniversityNational Taiwan University
Strong Motion Instrumentation in TaiwanStrong Motion Instrumentation in Taiwan
• Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (TSMIP)
– 700 free-field stations– 60 sets of strong motion
arrays in structures– 200-250 samples/sec– 16/24-bits resolution
• Taiwan Rapid Earthquake Information Release System (TREIRS)
– 80 rapid stations– 50 samples/sec– 16-bits resolution– An integrated seismic early
warning system120 121 122
Longitude (E )
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
La
titu
de
(N
)
75 TREIRS Stations650 Free-Field Stations
Chi-Chi earthquake
4682 5446
49919
24326
16244
2809725318
1498014801
45194935
169781796015650
2017
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
78年 79年 80年 81年 82年 83年 84年 85年 86年 87年 88年 89年 90年 91年 92年
時 間
地 震
次 數
No
. o
f E
arth
qu
ake
1989 1991 1994 1999 2003Time (year)
1994-1998 M3 9150 EQS 1999-2003 M3 13802 EQS1994-1998 M3 9150 EQS 1999-2003 M3 13802 EQS
Using Using TREIRSTREIRS to determine the earthquake intensity to determine the earthquake intensity
CWB Earthquake Information Backup System
Cisco7206
Cisco 3640
HUB ( 集線器 )
Computer
HPP&Router
IDU
IDU
CWB
陽明山HUB
CWBMeteorology Station
ATM/FR
T1專線
ISDN/PSTN
Mai
n
Lin
eM
ain
L
ine
Fir
st B
acku
p
Lin
e
Fir
st B
ack
up
L
ine
Sec
ond
Bac
ku
p
S
yste
mS
econ
d B
acku
p
S
yste
m
2nd Backup Line
1st Backup line
Thi
rd B
acku
p
Lin
e
Third Backup
Line
3rd Backup Line
3rd Backup line
3rd Backup line
Satellite TelephoneFax Tel Line
Site Investigation at Each Strong Motion Station
S-Wave
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
-100 100 300 500
SPT-N
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50
dept
h (m
)
P-Wave
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Travel T im e (m s)
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Dep
th (
m)
C H Y 003 (¶ ³ ª L¤ ½ ¸ Û ° ê ¤ p)
1
2
3
4 5
6
7 89
1 0
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 41 5
1 6
1 7
1 81 9 2 0 2 1
2 2
2 32 4
2 5
2 6
2 72 8
2 9
3 0
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
3 7
3 8
4 0
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4 4 8
4 95 0
5 1
5 2
5 3
5 4
5 5
5 65 65 6
5 75 7
5 9
6 66 6
6 7
7 1
7 2
7 3
7 48 68 6
8 7
8 8
8 9
9 09 19 2
9 3
9 49 5
9 6
9 7
9 8
9 91 0 0
1 0 1
1 0 2
T W X
A N P
T W S 1T W Z
T A PT A P 1
T W A
Flow Chart for the Baseline Correction of Accelerogram (1)Flow Chart for the Baseline Correction of Accelerogram (1)
212 atata
tatata 324
tatny Input taatata 101
Least square straight line fit
a0 and a1
Low-pass filter
f
H(f)
f1 f2
Integrate for v(t) tavtvtv 20112
Least square fit for v & a
High pass
Integrate for v2(t)
Least square fit for v01 and a2
tavtvtv 20123 245 atata
Correct accelerogram
tatata 1056
Low-pass filter
f
to get v4(t)Differentiate V4(t)
to get a10
Correct Accelerogram a6(t)
Integrate a6(t) for v4(t) tavtvtv 30245 Least square fit
Low-pass filter
to get v6(t)
Correct velocity
tvtvtv 657
Integrate for displacement
d1(t)
Low-pass filter to get
d2(t)
Correct displacement
tdtdtd 213
Calculate Velocity & Displacement from Corrected Accelerogram
Flow Chart for the Baseline Correction of Accelerogram Flow Chart for the Baseline Correction of Accelerogram & Generation of Velocity and Displacement (2)& Generation of Velocity and Displacement (2)
Input Acceleration
a’(t)a’(t)Estimate Noise LevelNoise Level
From Pre-event Recorda1(t) = a’(t) - (noise level)
Trend removal (using least square method)
Error correction on measurement system:Low-pass filter: < 25 Hz 100%High-pass filter: >0.2 Hz 100%
A1()
F {a1(t)}Fourier transform
Inverse Fourier Transform
Output: a(t) =F -1 {A1()}
V1()=A1() ∙(1/i )Inverse Fourier Transform
Output: v(t) = F -1 {V1()}
D1()=V1() ∙(1/i )Inverse Fourier Transform
Output: d(t) = F -1 {D1()}
Empirical Mode Decomposition & Hilbert Transform (EMD+HHT)Empirical Mode Decomposition & Hilbert Transform (EMD+HHT)
Application damping estimation
Hilbert transform:
Empirical mode decomposition
1 Extreme Sifting 2 Curvature Sifting 3 Intermittency
)()()(1
trtctx n
n
ii
Hilbert spectrum:(Time_frequency energy)
Loss damping factor Q(f)
( Q(f)=2 * damping ratio )
0 10 20 30 40 50-5
0
5
S1
TCU068 - c10b3i : Accel. (gal)
0 2 4 6 8 100
20
40
S1
TCU068 - c10b3i : Fourier Amp.
0 10 20 30 40 50-50
0
50
S2
0 2 4 6 8 100
200
400
S2
0 10 20 30 40 50-100
0
100
S3
0 2 4 6 8 100
5000
S3
0 10 20 30 40 50-100
0
100
S4
0 2 4 6 8 100
1
2x 10
4
S4
0 10 20 30 40 50-500
0
500
S5
0 2 4 6 8 100
2
4x 10
4
S5
0 10 20 30 40 50-500
0
500
S6
0 2 4 6 8 100
2
4x 10
4
S6
0 10 20 30 40 50-200
0
200
S7
0 2 4 6 8 100
5x 10
4
S7
0 10 20 30 40 50-200
0
200
S8
0 2 4 6 8 100
5
10x 10
4
S8
0 10 20 30 40 50-200
0
200
S9
0 2 4 6 8 100
5
10x 10
4
S9
0 10 20 30 40 50-100
0
100
S10
0 2 4 6 8 100
1
2x 10
5
S10
0 10 20 30 40 50-50
0
50
S11
0 2 4 6 8 100
5
10x 10
4
S11
0 10 20 30 40 50-20
0
20
S12
Time (sec)0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5x 10
4
S12
Frequency (Hz)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-500
0
500
Acc
el.(g
al)
TCU052
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-200
-100
0
100
Vel
.(cm
/sec
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-2000
-1000
0
1000
Dis
pl.(c
m)
Time (sec)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-500
0
500TCU052
Acc
el.(g
al)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-200
-100
0
100
Vel
.(cm
/sec
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-1000
-500
0
500
Time (sec)
Dis
pl.(c
m)
Example: Using Chi-Chi Earthquake data recorded at Station TCU052
(Near-fault Ground Motion Data)
Direct IntegrationApplied trend removal on velocity data
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-500
0
500
1000
Acce
l.(ga
l)
TCU068
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-400
-200
0
200
Vel.(
cm/s
ec)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-1000
-500
0
500
Disp
l.(cm
)
Time (sec)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-500
0
500
1000TCU068
Acce
l.(ga
l)0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
-400
-200
0
200
Vel.(
cm/s
ec)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-1000
-500
0
500
Time (sec)
Disp
l.(cm
)
Example: Using Chi-Chi Earthquake data recorded at Station TCU068 (Near-fault Ground Motion Data)
Direct Integration Applied trend removal on velocity data
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-200
0
200
Acce
l.(ga
l)
CHY088
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-20
0
20
Vel.(
cm/s
ec)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-10
0
10
Disp
l.(cm
)
Time (sec)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-200
0
200CHY088
Acce
l.(ga
l)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-20
0
20
Vel.(
cm/s
ec)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-10
0
10
20
Time (sec)
Disp
l.(cm
)
Example: Using Chi-Chi Earthquake data recorded at Station CHY088 (Far-field Ground Motion Data)
Direct Integration Applied trend removal on velocity data
Engineering ApplicationEngineering Application
ofof
Taiwan Strong Ground Motion DataTaiwan Strong Ground Motion Data
1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2
Distance, km
2
3
456789
2
3
456789
2
3
456789
2
3
456789
2
3
4
1E-3
1E-2
1E-1
1E+0
Pea
k G
rou
nd
Acc
eler
atio
n, [
g]
PGA-Attenuation Curve, GeoMean[EW ,NS)Data : M = 5.0 --- 7.5; Depth = 0-35 km, Sall
Ca 2000, M=7
Ca 2000, M=6
Ca 2000, M=5
Data, M=7.0-7.5
Data, M=6.0-7.0
Data, M=5.5-6.0
Data, M=5.0-5.5
2
3
4
56789
2
3
4
56789
2
3
4
56789
2
1E-3
1E-2
1E-1
1E+0
Pea
k G
rou
ng
Acc
eler
atio
n, (
g)
2 3 4 5 6 7 89 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 2 3 4 51E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2
Surface Rupture Distance, (km )
Comparison For Taiwan Campbell Form,Norman Form and 921 Chi-Chi W Q. data
PGA, Taiwan Campbell Form
PGA, Norman Form, S/S
PGA, Norman Form, R/S
PGA, Norman Form, RHW
921 Chi-Chi EQ. Data
921 Chi-Chi EQ. Data, HW
921 Chi-Chi EQ. Data, FW
PGA, Taiwan, For FW, Ratio = 0.475
ML=7.065, MW =7.54, Geo-Mean
PGA Attenuation Model
Site amplification: Predicted vs. Observed
120.00 120.50 121.00 121.50 122.00
Longitude,(E)
22.00
22.50
23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00
Lat
itu
de,
(N)
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
PGA= 0.05g
120.00 120.50 121.00 121.50 122.00
Longitude,(E)
22.00
22.50
23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00
La
titu
de
,(N
)
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
PGA= 0.6g
120.00 120.50 121.00 121.50 122.00
Longitude,(E)
22.00
22.50
23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00
La
titu
de
,(N
)
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
PGA= 0.2g
119.40 119.80 120.20 120.60 121.00 121.40 121.80 122.20
Longitude, E
21.85
22.35
22.85
23.35
23.85
24.35
24.85
25.35
Lat
itu
de,
N
TSM IP S tation
RTD S tation
台 灣 強 地 動 觀 測 網 及 即 時 站 分 佈
Site Amplification FactorSite Amplification Factor
▪ Using RTD & TSMIP data
▪ Depend on Intensity Level
HAZ-Taiwan HAZ-Taiwan : : Potential Earthquake Ground Motion AnalysisPotential Earthquake Ground Motion Analysis
Earthquake Parameters (Magnitude, Depth, Epicenter etc.)
Attenuation Model Site Effect Site Effect ModificationModification
Update estimationUpdate estimationusing Taiwanusing Taiwan
Rapid Information Release Rapid Information Release SystemSystem
Spatial Distribution ofGround Motion Estimation
),( RMfySa ),,( 10 CCyfy aSsS
syS
obsS
RTD
RTDR
),,( 10 DDRfyPD SsS S
0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Predicted PGA , (g)
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Ob
se
rve
d P
GA
, (g
) 246
269
251
247259
265
262
263
250
268
249260
261
25831
264
C H Y035:D
exp
YIM 32
541
r
bMb M)](bb[Reb
f (M,R)
120 121 122Long itude (E )
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
La
titu
de
(N
)
75 TREIRS Stations650 Free-Field Stations
Taiwan Rapid EarthquakeInformation Release System (TREIRS)
120.0 120.5 121.0 121.5 122.0 122.5
Longitude,(E)
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0
La
titu
de
,(N
)
7.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.03
1999/9/21 EarthquakeObserved(Sal)
050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950
120.0 120.5 121.0 121.5 122.0 122.5
Longitude,(E)
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0
Lat
itu
de,
(N)
7.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.03
1999/9/21 Earthquake
050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950
¸gRTD´ú¯¸¸ê®Æ×¥¿«á¤§µ²ªG(Sal)
120.0 120.5 121.0 121.5 122.0 122.5
Longitude,(E)
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0
Lat
itu
de,
(N)
7.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.03
1999/9/21 Earthquake
050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950
¹w´ú¼Ò¦¡¤§µ²ªG(Sas)
120.0 120.5 121.0 121.5 122.0 122.5
Longitude,(E)
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0
Lat
itu
de,
(N)
7.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.037.03
1999/9/21 EarthquakeObserved(Sas)
050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950
EstimationEstimation
Sa(1.0sec & Sa(0.3 Sa(1.0sec & Sa(0.3 sec)sec)
ObservationObservationSa(1.0 sec) & Sa(0.3 sec)Sa(1.0 sec) & Sa(0.3 sec)
Generate Shake Map
121.35 121.40 121.45 121.50 121.55 121.60 121.65 121.70
Longitude,(E)
24.95
25.00
25.05
25.10
25.15
25.20
La
titu
de
,(N
)
1
2
3
4 5
6
7 89
10
11 12 13 1415
16
17
1819 20 21
22
2324
25
26
2728
29
30
31
32
33
34
37
38
40
41
42
43
44 48
4950
51
52
53
54
55
565656
5757
59
6666
67
71
72
73
748686
87
88
89
909192
93
9495
96
97
98
99100
101
102
TW X
AN P
TW S1TW Z
TAPTAP1
TW A
20020331 Earthquake
Observed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
121.35 121.40 121.45 121.50 121.55 121.60 121.65 121.70
Longitude,(E)
24.95
25.00
25.05
25.10
25.15
25.20
Lat
itu
de,
(N)
1
2
3
4 5
6
7 89
10
11 12 13 1415
16
17
1819 20 21
22
2324
25
26
2728
29
30
31
32
33
34
37
38
40
41
42
43
44 48
4950
51
52
53
54
55
565656
5757
59
6666
67
71
72
73
748686
87
88
89
909192
93
9495
96
97
98
99100
101
102
TW X
AN P
TW S1TW Z
TAPTAP1
TW A
020406080100120140160180200220240260280300320340360380400
20020331 Earthquake
After RTS Correct
Taipei Basin
Taipei City
1
2
3
4 5
6
7 89
1 0
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 41 5
1 6
1 7
1 81 9 2 0 2 1
2 2
2 32 4
2 5
2 6
2 72 8
2 9
3 0
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
3 7
3 8
4 0
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4 4 8
4 95 0
5 1
5 2
5 3
5 4
5 5
5 65 65 6
5 75 7
5 9
6 66 6
6 7
7 1
7 2
7 3
7 48 68 6
8 7
8 8
8 9
9 09 19 2
9 3
9 49 5
9 6
9 7
9 8
9 91 0 0
1 0 1
1 0 2
T W X
A N P
T W S 1T W Z
T A PT A P 1
T W A
地 震 參 數
1
2
3
4 5
6
7 89
1 0
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 41 5
1 6
1 7
1 81 9 2 0 2 1
2 2
2 32 4
2 5
2 6
2 72 8
2 9
3 0
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
3 7
3 8
4 0
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4 4 8
4 95 0
5 1
5 2
5 3
5 4
5 5
5 65 65 6
5 75 7
5 9
6 66 6
6 7
7 1
7 2
7 3
7 48 68 6
8 7
8 8
8 9
9 09 19 2
9 3
9 49 5
9 6
9 7
9 8
9 91 0 0
1 0 1
1 0 2
T W X
A N P
T W S 1T W Z
T A PT A P 1
T W A
Time ML Depth(km) E N
950625 6.3 47.7 121.69 24.60
960305 6.2 8.87 122.30 23.96
960729 6.3 62.89 122.28 24.48
990920 7.3 8 120.82 23.85
990922 6.5 15.59 121.05 23.83
Microzonation Study of Taipei basin
121.60 121.65 121.70 121.75 121.80 121.85 121.90
Longitude,(E)
24.55
24.60
24.65
24.70
24.75
24.80
24.85
24.90L
atit
ud
e,(N
)1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2226
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
3940
41
42
43
444546
47
4849
51
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
ILA
TW E
TW C
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
D epth=8.87km ,M =6.24(R r)a = O bs/Ya
121.60 121.65 121.70 121.75 121.80 121.85 121.90
Longitude,(E)
24.55
24.60
24.65
24.70
24.75
24.80
24.85
24.90
Lat
itu
de,
(N)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2226
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
3940
41
42
43
444546
47
4849
51
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
ILA
TW E
TW C
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0D epth=9.6km ,M =6.8(R r)a = O bs/Ya
121.60 121.65 121.70 121.75 121.80 121.85 121.90
Longitude,(E)
24.55
24.60
24.65
24.70
24.75
24.80
24.85
24.90
Lat
itu
de,
(N)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2226
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
3940
41
42
43
444546
47
4849
51
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
ILA
TW E
TW C
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0D epth=77.04km ,M =5.69(R r)a = O bs/Ya
121.60 121.65 121.70 121.75 121.80 121.85 121.90
Longitude,(E)
24.55
24.60
24.65
24.70
24.75
24.80
24.85
24.90
Lat
itu
de,
(N)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2226
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
3940
41
42
43
444546
47
4849
51
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
ILA
TW E
TW C
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0D epth=62.89km ,M =6.3(R r)a = O bs/Ya
121.60 121.65 121.70 121.75 121.80 121.85 121.90
Longitude,(E)
24.55
24.60
24.65
24.70
24.75
24.80
24.85
24.90
Lat
itu
de,
(N)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
2226
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
3940
41
42
43
444546
47
4849
51
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
ILA
TW E
TW C
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5D epth=22.03km ,M =6.27(R r)a = O bs/Ya
Map of Acceleration Response Spectrum
SSD
(T=0.3 s) : 475 Yrs S1D(T=1.0 s): 475 Yrs
■ ︰ 0.8g■ ︰ 0.7g■ ︰ 0.6g■ ︰ 0.5g
■ ︰ 0.45g■ ︰ 0.40g■ ︰ 0.35g■ ︰ 0.30g
■ ︰ 1.0g■ ︰ 0.9g■ ︰ 0.8g■ ︰ 0.7g
SSM (T=0.3 s) : 2500 Yrs
■ ︰ 0.55g■ ︰ 0.50g■ ︰ 0.45g■ ︰ 0.40g
S1M (T=1.0 s) : 2500 Yrs
Estimate SDS & SDL-valuefrom Scenario Earthquake
SD1
T0 1.0
SaD=SD1/T
Period (sec)0.2T0
SDS
0.4SDS
Design spectrum SaD
T0=SD1/ SDS
0.4SDS
2.5T0
Earthquake Demand
Structural Capacity
Damage Assessment
Estimate SDS & SDL-valuefrom Scenario Earthquake
SD1
T0 1.0
SaD=SD1/T
Period (sec)0.2T0
SDS
0.4SDS
Design spectrum SaD
T0=SD1/ SDS
0.4SDS
2.5T0
SD1
T0 1.0
SaD=SD1/T
Period (sec)0.2T0
SDS
0.4SDS
Design spectrum SaD
T0=SD1/ SDS
0.4SDS
2.5T0
Earthquake Demand
Structural Capacity
Damage Assessment
Modeling of phase spectra
• Wavelet analysis• Concept of group delay time• Stochastic characteristics of group delay time• Mean value & Standard deviation of Group Delay time
tjgr()=J()/
jtgr
jtgr
t jgr() J()
t-distribution (=3)
Given earthquakeMagnitude &
Epicenter Distance
1 1
2 2
1
2
10
10
j j
j j
Mj jtgr
Mj jtgr
R
R
CWB Structural Seismic Monitoring Array
Identification onTime-Invariant system
Least Square method
EigensystemEigensystem Realization AlgorithmRealization Algorithm
Linear Multi Stage Method
Prediction Error Method
Identification onTime-Invariant system
Least Square method
EigensystemEigensystem Realization AlgorithmRealization Algorithm
Linear Multi Stage Method
Prediction Error Method
Identification onIdentification onTimeTime--Varying SystemVarying System
Recursive Lease Square with Variable Forgetting
Recursive Least Square with Constant Trace
Parametric Time-Frequency Method
Wavelet Analysis
Identification onIdentification onTimeTime--Varying SystemVarying System
Recursive Lease Square with Variable Forgetting
Recursive Least Square with Constant Trace
Parametric Time-Frequency Method
Wavelet Analysis
Linear Parameterized Method
Non-parametric Identification
Neural Network NARX identification
Nonlinear SystemIdentification
Linear Parameterized MethodLinear Parameterized Method
Non-parametric Identification Non-parametric Identification
Neural Network NARX identificationNeural Network NARX identification
Nonlinear SystemIdentification
Nonlinear SystemIdentification
1. Changes in resonance frequencies and modal damping,
2. Changes in mode shape (or curvature):2. Changes in mode shape (or curvature):
k
kikik
kjkj
k
n
k ikjjiMAC
**
2
1
*
),(
3. Change in flexibility, 3. Change in flexibility,
4. Change in stiff ness, 4. Change in stiff ness,
I n Relating to Damage MeasureIn Relating to Damage Measure
5. Change in model strain energy5. Change in model strain energy
1. Changes in resonance frequencies and modal damping,
2. Changes in mode shape (or curvature):2. Changes in mode shape (or curvature):
k
kikik
kjkj
k
n
k ikjjiMAC
**
2
1
*
),(
3. Change in flexibility, 3. Change in flexibility,
4. Change in stiff ness, 4. Change in stiff ness,
I n Relating to Damage MeasureIn Relating to Damage Measure
5. Change in model strain energy5. Change in model strain energy
CHYF(1999/10/22): C24(Average)
Time (sec)
Fre
quency (
Hz)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
CHYF(1999/10/22): C23(Average)
Time (sec)
Fre
quency (
Hz)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Transverse Direction
Longitudinal Direction
Output Measurement: Bridge response data (EMD+HHT method)
CHYF(1999/10/22): Amplitude
Sensor Position
Frequency (H
z)
0 50 100 1500
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2 4 6 8 10 12 140
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Mode 1: f = 1.083 Hz
ConclusionsConclusions
1. The Taiwan Strong Motion Array (TSMIP-CWB) provides valuable ground
motion data for both seismology and engineering application.
2. These high resolution seismographs can record ground motion accurately up
to frequency of 50Hz. In engineering application there is no correction on the
original data except the constant DC trend removal.
3. Engineering applications of these Strong Motion Array Data include:
a. Generate ground motion attenuation model
b. Generate shake map for use in seismic emergency response,
c. Generate site amplification factor,
d. Develop Sa-value for short period and long period for Taiwan Seismic
Design Code,
e. Damage assessment program is now under developing and will be used
in building/bridge seismic monitoring array,
The End
Taiwan-Luzon Velocity field
80 mm/yr convergence across the active Taiwan arc-continent collision zone
1
2
3
4 5
6
7 89
1 0
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 41 5
1 6
1 7
1 81 9 2 0 2 1
2 2
2 32 4
2 5
2 6
2 72 8
2 9
3 0
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
3 7
3 8
4 0
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4 4 8
4 95 0
5 1
5 2
5 3
5 4
5 5
5 65 65 6
5 75 7
5 9
6 66 6
6 7
7 1
7 2
7 3
7 48 68 6
8 7
8 8
8 9
9 09 19 2
9 3
9 49 5
9 6
9 7
9 8
9 91 0 0
1 0 1
1 0 2
T W X
A N P
T W S 1T W Z
T A PT A P 1
T W A
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-200
0
200
Accel. (
gal)
CHY088 (s1-s12): unfiltered
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-20
0
20
Vel. (
cm
/sec)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-10
0
10
Dis
pl. (
cm
)
Time (sec)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-200
0
200Ac
cel.
(gal
)CHY088 (s1-s9): unfiltered
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-20
0
20
40
Vel.
(cm
/sec
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-50
0
50
100
Disp
l. (c
m)
Time (sec)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-5
0
5
Acc
el. (
gal)
CHY088 (s10-s12): unfiltered
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-10
0
10
20
Vel
. (cm
/sec
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-100
-50
0
50
Dis
pl. (
cm)
Time (sec)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-500
0
500Ac
cel.
(gal
)
TCU052 (s1-s11): corrected
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-200
0
200
Vel.
(cm
/sec
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-400
-200
0
200
Disp
l. (c
m)
Time (sec)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-5
0
5
Acc
el. (
gal)
TCU052 (s12-s13): corrected
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-40
-20
0
20
Vel
. (cm
/sec
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-600
-400
-200
0
Dis
pl. (
cm)
Time (sec)0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
-500
0
500
Accel. (
gal)
TCU052 (s1-s13): corrected
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-200
-100
0
100
Vel. (
cm
/sec)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-1000
-500
0
500
Dis
pl.
(cm
)
Time (sec)
0 5 km
1 7
1 0
11
0 3
1 6
0 2
0 5
0 60 4
0 70 8
1 2
1 31 4
2 12 2
3 32 7
3 2
1 92 4
3 73 8
5 4
4 84 3
3 0
2 9
9 9
3 12 6
2 8
2 0
5 3
1 5
0 9
25-12
24-56121-22 121-39
A
B
N
0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0Frequency, H z
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Am
plifi
catio
n
TAP22
0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0Frequency, Hz
0 .0
1 .0
2 .0
3 .0TAP29
0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0Frequency, Hz
0 .0
1 .0
2 .0
3 .0 TAP24
0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0 TAP02
0.0 4 .0 8 .0 12 .0
0.0
1.0
2.0 T A P 3 8
0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
TAP37
0.0 4.0 8 .0 12 .0
F re q u e n c y , H z
0.0
1.0
2.0
Am
plifi
catio
n
T A P 0 3
0.0 4.0 8 .0 12 .0
F re q u e n cy , H z
0.0
1.0
2.0
Am
plifi
catio
n
T A P 2 7
0.0 4.0 8 .0 12 .0
0.0
1.0
2.0
T A P 0 7Basin Effect :Basin Effect :
Site Site AmplificationAmplification
Taipei Basin
北二高碧潭橋橋體 -2
Z-Direction
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-500
0
500
1000
Accel. (
gal)
TCU068 (s1-s12): corrected
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-400
-200
0
200
Vel. (
cm
/sec)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-1000
-500
0
500
Dis
pl. (
cm
)
Time (sec)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-50
0
50
Acc
el. (
gal)
TCU068 (s11-s12): corrected
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-200
-100
0
100
Vel
. (cm
/sec
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-2000
-1000
0
1000
Dis
pl. (
cm)
Time (sec)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-500
0
500
1000A
ccel
. (ga
l)TCU068 (s1-s10): corrected
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-200
0
200
Vel
. (cm
/sec
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-500
0
500
Dis
pl. (
cm)
Time (sec)
Empirical Mode Empirical Mode DecompositionDecomposition
1E-2 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2Freq.(Hz)
0
100
200
300
PG
A(c
m/s
^2)
EW
NS
1E-2 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2Freq.(Hz)
0
100
200
300
PG
A(c
m/s
^2)
EW
N S
TCU052 1999-9-21 01:47
TCU068 1999-9-21 01:47