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CONTENT

1. GENERAL OVERVIEW

2. INTRODUCTION

3. OUR GOALS

4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

5. WORLD BIOFUEL CONCEPT

6. CONTENTS AND PLACE IDEAL FOR JATROPHA

7. BIOFUEL CONCEPT IN EAST AFRICA

8. UGANDA NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

9. BENEFIT OF BIOFUEL IN UGANDA’S ECONOMY

10. BARRIERS TO BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND

USE IN UGANDA

11. BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCKS

12. JATROPHA BIODIESEL ECONOMY

13. JATROPHA PROJECT

14. JATROPHA CURCAS

CONTENT

15. SOME MYTHS ABOUT JATROPHA

16. CONDITION FOR CULTIVATION

17. PLANT MANAGEMENT

18. INTERCROPPING

19. PLANT HARVEST

20. ESTIMATED YIELD /ACRE/YEAR

21. MAIN PRODUCTS AND BY PRODUCTS

22. SWOT ANALYSIS OF JATROPHA

23. WEAKNESS

24. OPPORTUNITY

25. THREATS

26. CONCLUSION

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Biofuels are fuels produced from renewable resources, e.g. Vegetable oil, ethanol, methanol from biomass, or biodiesel and Hydrogen fuel.

The effects of biofuels on food prices and food security have been increasingly observed across countries with established biofuel programs, such as the United States, India and the production growth is occurring at a time when demand for both food and forest products is also rising rapidly.Food production and transport are particularly dependent on diesel engines and Biodiesel is a crucial part of bringing energy security benefits to the global food supply.

The renewable fuel may lead developing countries in reducing emissions from: Deforestation, Improving energy efficiency, Transforming urban transport.

Biodiesel produced from non food crops like Jatropha and others is one of the most promising solutions for tackling the growing carbon emissions from transport, as Climate change has become one of the major challenges for Mankind and the natural environment

GENERAL OVERVIEW

OUR ORGANIZATION

Dealing with commercialization of proven Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy Efficient(EE) technologies and services.

To brand worldwide in contributing to the reduction of global reliance on non-renewableenergy sources, by encouraging the all world to “Go Green and Save our Environment”.

Sustainable Oil Supply Program

To reduce Greenhouse Gas emission through the use of biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas oil.

Promoting Jatropha intercropping system with other food crops.

Nursery programmes - Strengthening local capacity skill in Jatropha nursery and plantationmanagement.

Out growers programme

INTRODUCTION

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Produce and sell in large scale Biofuel and its by-Products; Implement

environmentally sound energy on commercial fashion country wide.

Promote the concept of “farming for energy” by providing energy crops.

Commercial cultivation of Jatropha oil seeds for production of Biodiesel

Promoting Jatropha intercropping system with other food crops.

Encourage Biodiesel producers to produce Biodiesel from Jatropha

Provide full support on acquiring feedstock for Biodiesel production

Provide complete consultation on setting up the Jatropha nursery and farm

Provide hybrid Jatropha seeds to planters for better yield

OUR GOALS

Engine Cleaner.

Bio-lighter fluid.

Soap Production.

Charcoal briquette.

Cosmetic (BIO-OIL)

Candles

Lubricants

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

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Growth of production by 14% per annum

European target: biofuels share10 % in 2020, (100 million tons/year).

Energy policies recommend 7.2 million ton production in 2010

The European estimates that Bioenergy may meet 25% of the world’s energy consumption by

2050.

Biofuel is one of the solutions to sky rocking fuel prices in the world.

Biodiesel is being used in more than 20 national parks across the country. Each park has a slightly

different focus (B100, B20, transportation, power, marine)

The reduction in particulate emissions and potentially lower health risks from biodiesel are

important factors in penetrating the underground mining market.

With the threat of global warming, there is an urgent need to scale up climate change mitigation,

shifting from project-based to program approaches.

WORLD BIOFUEL CONCEPT

Aviation industry shift to biofuels and this will help the airline achieve its goal of carbon neutral

growth by 2020. In other words, increasing the business without increasing emissions.

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Uganda has become the first African nation to register a program of activities under the Kyoto Protocol’s CDM, that aims to reduce methane emissions.

The program will help in nine Ugandan municipalities. The whole program is expected to generate a total of 156,889 CERs and 52,296 Verified ER.

Kenya has also announced plans to establish a Regional Emissions Trading Scheme to steer Africa’s Carbon Market. This would hopefully position the country as the continent’s Carbon Credit Trade Hub. This will help dev’t areas to be funded, streamline conservation efforts and alleviate poverty in Kenya.

African continents have not yet benefited from CDM unlike Asia and Latin America. The African Development Bank has launched a two year initiative called the Africa Carbon

Support programme to help project developers in accessing finance.

Presently Africa hosts less than 2% of the 2,583 registered CDM projects.

Under Kyoto Protocol agreement has been reached by UNFCCC, for allowing projects that capture and store carbon into CDM, on condition that they comply with stringent risk and safety assessments.

BIOFUEL CONCEPT IN EAST AFRICA

•Accelerated power generation from renewable resources •Development and utilization of other modern fuels andtechnologies (Bioenergy)

AIMS: • Socio-economic development especially transforming rural areas • Address poverty issues, catalyst industrialization and protect the environment.

Blend all fossil diesel with up to 20% biodiesel (ratio of 80 – 20%) & up to a prescribed ratio

Government promoting production of oil crops For edible oil e.g. Palm Oil For biodiesel e.g. Jatropha Curcas

Biodiesel targeted for transport and for rural electrification

POLICY AND ACTIONS ON BIOFUEL:

UGANDA NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

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UGANDA NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

Improved national energy security by using indigenous

renewable energy sources instead of imported fossil fuel.

Create employment and income in rural areas

Promotion of a new source of income to farmers

Support rural electrification strategy

Promotion of technology transfer and skills

development.

BENEFIT OF BIOFUEL IN UGANDA’S ECONOMY

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Prospects for petroleum deposits exploitation

Inadequate Legal and Institutional Framework

Limited Technical and Institutional Capacity

Lack of Financing Mechanisms

Underdeveloped market

Lack of Research and Development Support

Interferences with some organizations on Food insecurity.

BARRIERS TO BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN UGANDA

BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCKS

Jatropha Curcas

Palm Oil

Maize Corn

Rapeseed

Soya bean

Sunflower and Algae

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Corn - Oil =129 lb/acre and biodiesel = 18 gal/acre

Soybean (UK) - Oil = 335 lb/acre and biodiesel = 48 gal/acre

Sunflower - Oil = 585 lb/acre and biodiesel = 83 gal/acre

Jatropha - Oil = 1420 lb/acre and biodiesel = 202 gal/acre

Oil Palm - Oil = 4.465 lb/acre and biodiesel = 635 gal/acre

Algae - Oil = 35,613 lb/acre and biodiesel = 5,000 gal/acre.

BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCKS & YIELD/ACRE

INVEST IN JATROPHA

JATROPHA PROJECT

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Southern states of India (the leading producer)

South East Asia

Tropical Africa

Latin and Central America

Brazil the second biggest producer

USA is using maize corns

Uganda proves to be the best due to its fertile soils, enough rainfall and availability of large trunk of land.

CONTINENTS AND IDEAL PLACES

Jatropha curcas is a hardy oilseed bearing tree. Centre of Origin in Central America. Commonly used in tropical growing areas as a hedge and source of oil. Can tolerate some drought spells. It adapt easily in a marginal areas

A plant of many revenue opportunities – oil, power generation, animal feed and fertilizer

Strong global demand for a sustainable energy product, will help countries/ industries meet climate treaty requirements.

Jatropha curcas has high sustainability potential: Can be mixed or intercropped alongside existing vegetables/grains, resulting in additional

and balanced cash income for farmers.

Potential GHG savings of up to 66%. i.e. 30 metric tons of CO2 per hectare per year It is a shrub tree, Oil contain of up to 40%.Jatropha curcas remains to be domesticated.

JATROPHA CURCAS

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1. Can grow anywhere, even on marginal soils. � => Can survive in marginal conditions, but will give marginal yields in those conditions.

2. It’s a hardy non-edible tree. � => Jatropha is not eaten by larger animals, but has many pests and diseases

3. Does not need fertilizer. � => Jatropha can survive in low-nutrient conditions but better growth and higher seed yield is observed with higher nutrient levels.

SOME MYTHS ABOUT JATROPHA

JATROPHA CURCAS IS NOT A MIRACLE CROP

Like any crop cultivated to produce a harvest, Jatropha curcas also needs: � Proper management:

Planting techniques Early Pruning Disease and Pest control Selection of optimal cultivation zones

� Proper Genetics selection: • Commercial cultivar development • Adapted cultivars for target growing areas

CONDITION FOR CULTIVATION

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� Proper Crop inputs: • Water management • Fertilization:

Moderated fertility is needed. Although it adapts to low fertility sites and alkaline soils, a better yield is obtained in poor quality soils if fertilizer are used

Tropical, semi-tropical and dry areasPlant during rainy season or use of

irrigation system.Enough Labour force is required.

CONDITION FOR CULTIVATION

PLANTING BY CUTTING

Early floweringRapid establishmentPossible to mechanizeCuttings root easilyPlant starts produce earlierPlant will have exactly the samecharacteristics as the mother plant

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PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL

Jatropha is extremely pest resistant.It has very high power of regeneration.Scouting program.Constant monitoring and spraying.Promote populations of natural predator species Use potentials chemicals.

Green leaf Hopper

Powdery MildewTermitesMites

Leaf cutting Sap sucking bugs

Eliminate Weeds during early stages and early Pruning.Grass short between rows protect the soil against erosion or burning.Chemical control necessary on largeplantations to reduce weeding cycle.Scouting program, Constant monitoring andspraying.Promote populations of natural predatorspecies Use potentials chemicals. Prune in the first six monthsHigher quantity of branchesHigher average number of fruits per plant.maximum production.Extends the productive life cycle of the plant.

PLANT MANAGEMENT

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Jatropha can be harmonized with food crop using recommended system and spacing.

Seasonal Plants and vegetables such as Maize, Sweet Potatoes, red and green peppers, and many others are suitable for intercropping

INTERCROPPING

It takes a period of 8-10 months for the first harvest

to be ready.

When fruits are yellow in colour (2-4 month after

pollination).

Harvest is a manual process i.e. by hand picking or

tree shaking

Fruits will be dried.

After the first harvest, Jatropha plant continues

producing seeds up to a period of 40 years.

The plant reaches maturity after 5 years and it

remains in constant production for up to 40 years

PLANT HARVEST

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With correct growing procedures, soil nutrient and adequate Moisture the Plant will achieve the following yields /acre/year.

Jatropha plant starts bearing fruits from the 1st

year onwards.Starts better yield from 3rd year and stabilizes

from 5th year onwards.It gives yield up to 40 years.The expected yield from one-acre plantation

ranges from about 800-1500 kg of seeds.

About 90kgs of Glycerin is recovered.Seedcake of about 1050kgs is recovered.Jatropha oil yield per liter ranges from 400-

1200 liters with proper implementation.

ESTIMATED YIELD /ACRE/YEAR

BIODIESEL

All Diesel Engines, generators and transformer

Paraffin in lamps and Cooking stoves

Bio-lighter for lighting charcoal.

MAIN PRODUCTS AND BY PRODUCTS

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SEEDCAKEHigh quality fertilizers rich

in nutrientsUsed as Charcoal for

cookingPossibility of detoxication

for animal feed.

SEED SHELLAs organic fertilizerAs fuel for burningBiogas for heat and

cooking.

MAIN PRODUCTS AND BY PRODUCTS

GLYCERIN

Soap productionCandlesLubricants e.g. EnginecleanerCosmetics e.g. Bio-oil,lotions and JellyBee Wax.

MAIN PRODUCTS AND BY PRODUCTS

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BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Seeds are dried.Separate the peels from the seedCooking processPressing in a continuous spiral oilpresserTransesterfication Process.ie, to produce biodiesel, oil is extracted from the seeds using an oil expeller.The oil is then processed using alcohol and a catalyst to produce biodiesel.

STRENGTHGrows quickly and establishes itself easily.Planted once for 40 years under minimum rainfall. Planted on land boundaries and degraded landSustainable source of income e.g. local soap making and charcoal briquette.Employment Opportunities in rural areas.Bio-diesel production thus energy security for the country.Easily available fuel in the rural areas thus rural electrification. Reducing petroleum imports and increasing the consumption and production of renewablefuels Being non-edible, its cultivation doesn't impact the supply or prices of food crops becausecan also be inter-cropped. It’s a renewable energy with medicinal products.Environmental protection.Increase soil fertility and Reduce soil erosion. Reducing deforestation and desertification e.g. Less use of firewood.

SWOT ANALYSIS OF JATROPHA

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Dependency from extra inputs

(methanol, caustic potash)

We know the seeds are poisonous

and harmful to birds and mammals.

WEAKNESS

Agro-Industrial development e.g. Home biodiesel processing.Creation of new local industries.Technological transfersYouth and Women EmpowermentHealth benefit to the communities.Improved communities infrastructuresJatropha can provide a stable financial basis to make small farmersindependent Reduces land conflict and protect homes and yields, while earning from it.Reduces farmers' vulnerability and they do not only rely on the cash cropproductionIt delivers a new market in developing countries.The tree overshadows the soil thus reducing the risk of desertification anderosion. Cultivation on degraded land has the potential to improve the nutrientcontent of the soil.

OPPORTUNITY

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It’s a threat to food security but, the productionof biofuel can be harmonized with food crop, through inter-cropping or planted on only marginal land, degraded land, as fence andLand boundaries.

CHALLENGES (Commercial Plantation)In post harvest treatment and logisticsIn oil pressing andBiodiesel production

SOLUTIONS1. Proper Implementation2. Proper Financing Mechanisms3. Joint Intervention

THREATS

INVEST IN OIL PALM

Jatropha and other nonfood feedstock will be a vast source of biofuel and a key to reducing our dependence on fossil fuel.when farmed correctly, it can deliver its high potential as a sustainable andeconomically biodiesel feedstock as well as bring significant environmentalbenefits without interfering with food crops or leading to the clearing of forests.

Biofuels could be an absolute substitute to fossil fuels and if produced under adequate policy regimes they offer one of the stepping stones towards a development among poor countries.

There is need For a joint support from the locals, investors and the Government in the biofuels initiatives in developing countries in order to realize economic gains.

CONCLUSION

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FOR MORE INFORMATION

PLOT NO. 36-42 PORT BELL ROAD, LUZIRA, P.O.BOX 20028 KAMPALA, UGANDATEL: 0414-691444 and 0414-504793, FAX: 0414-504894

pegasusuganda@gmail.com www.pegasusug.com

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