investing in undersea cables for africa’s connectivity - telkom.pdf · investing in undersea...
TRANSCRIPT
Investing in undersea cables for Africa’s connectivity
Casper Kondo Chihaka 5 June 2012 ME Wholesale Services
2
… submarine cables ...then and now ...
3
The days when telecommunication competition was a choice between a telegraph or a message by ship, oh how things have changed!
The first intercontinental submarine cable between America and the UK was financed with help from interest guarantees, exclusive landing rights for up to fifty years, cash grants, land grants and provision of ships by interested governments. The 1858 business plan envisaged a total cost in the vicinity of 1 million pounds.
Capacity was estimated at up to 18 words per minute (14.5 bits per second) and would be charged at 2s.6d. per word. It was assumed that this throughput would be maintained for sixteen hours per day, 300 days per year, for a return of four hundred thousand pounds per annum.
Not accounting for inflation, this would price an STM1 at over twenty million pounds per minute.
Based on the above a regular international voice call, that uses a 64kb/s channel with IP compression at 8:1 would be priced at a rate of R16,121 per minute! And Telkom only charges 52c per minute including VAT!!…
Extract from a paper by Robin Russel on “NETWORK FINANCING AND THE IMPACT ON INDUSTRY DIRECTIONS” in 2004
THE BUSINESS CASE FOR THE 1st TRANSATLANTIC CABLE
4
Why undersea cable? A brief look at how intercontinental telecommunications evolved in South Africa.
PERSPECTIVE ON TECHNOLOGY
1879: SA first international telegraph cable linking SA to Yemen from Durban (single channel morse code) 1899: A telegraph cable linking SA with Britain via islands of St Helena and Ascension. 1924: Telegraph cables peak with the era of radio transmission that enabled actual voice conversation between people; 1969: The first trans-continental coaxial submarine cable for SA (SAT1) enabling 360 high quality simultaneous voice channels; 1975: Telkom establishing several large satellite earth stations at Hartbeeshoek 1992: The advent of fibre reintroduced submarine cable as an alternative means to satellite for high volume communications with the SAT2 cable -15,350 x 64kbs circuits (42 x SAT1 or 1.25Gb/s) 2002: Optical amplifier technology resulted in the next leap in telecommunications bringing the SAT3/WASC/SAFE to our shores, initially with a capacity of 20Gb/s (16x SAT2), but within 7 years the capacity was upgraded to 340Gb/s (268x SAT2) 2012: WACS went live on 11 May 2012 with an initial design capacity of 5.12Tb/s (>4,000 x SAT2)
‘A single modern intercontinental fibre optic cable has more capacity than most, if not all, of the world’s satellites combined’
5
SAT3/WASC/SAFE was practically the only cable serving a number of Sub Saharan African countries in the past decade; the past 3 years have however seen a vast array of submarine cables deployed on the continent
FIBRE OPTIC CABLES DEPLOYED IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA
Map image courtesy of Wikipedia – Author: Shuttleworth Foundation
6
… do we need multiple cables? …
7
Some disasters are also submarine cable threats
7
THE NEED FOR MORE THAN ONE CABLE: DISASTER RECOVERY
8
The Mtunzini cable landings for SAFE; SEACOM and EASSy
SAFE
SEACOM
EASSy
600m
THE NEED FOR MORE THAN ONE CABLE: MTUNZINI
9
The Melkbosstrand Cable Landings for SAT-2; SAT3 and SAFE
9
2km
SAT-3
SAFE
SAT-2
THE NEED FOR MORE THAN ONE CABLE: MELKBOSSTRAND
10
A third international submarine cable gateway for South Africa
Melkbosstrand and Mtunzini are completely diverse
Several examples exist of simultaneous cable impacts
Japan earthquake (March 2011) – 4 cables
Mediterranean Sea (December 2008) – 4 cables
Earthquake, Taiwan (December 2006) – 5 cables
Bulk Carrier Anchor drag – SA (Nov 1992) – 2 cables
Ship dragging anchor in the Red Sea (Feb 2012) – 3 cables
Rapid spread of East African Rift fault lines towards SA
WACS Design Capacity ≈ Sum of all other cables landed in SA
MLK
YFN
SAT-3
SAT-2
SAFE
WACS
50km
THE NEED FOR MORE THAN ONE CABLE: YZERFONTEIN
A 3rd gateway out of South Africa is essential; Yzerfontein is an alternate landing for cable systems in SA
11
WACS – A new breed of submarine cable
12
… Telkom brings the capacity home …
13
SAT-3/WASC
340 Gb/s SAFE 440 Gb/s
EASSy 1.4Tb/s
SAT-3/WASC & SAFE
SEACOM
EASSY (Jul 2010)
WACS (Jun 2011)
EIG (Jun 2010)
SMW3
COL3
EIG 2.56Tb/s
Design Capacity at 10Gb/s wavelengths depicted
WACS 5.12 Tb/s
SEACOM
1.28Tb/s
EXISTING SC
LANDINGS
SAT-3/WASC
SA - MLK
Angola
Gabon
Cameroon
Nigeria
Benin
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Senegal
Canary Islands
Portugal
SAFE
SA - MLK
SA – MZN
Reunion
Mauritius
India
Malaysia
SMW3
Malaysia
India
Middle East
Europe
COL3
Portugal
USA
SEACOM For
use as required
SA – MZN
Mozambique
Madagascar
Tanzania
Kenya, Djibouti
India, Egypt
France, UK
FUTURE SC
LANDINGS
EASSy
SA - MZN
Mozambique
Madagascar
Dar es Salam
Tanzania
Kenya
Somalia
Djibouti
Sudan
EIG
India; Oman
UAE; Djibouti
Saudi; Egypt
Libya; Monaco
France; Gibraltar
Portugal; UK
London PoP
WACS
SA - YZF
Namibia
Angola
DRC
Congo
Cameroon
Nigeria
Togo
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Cape Verde
Canary Islands
Portugal
UK
London Pop
SMW3 160Gb/s
COL-3
320 Gb/s
TELKOM CORE GLOBAL SUBMARINE CABLE NETWORK
14
SIMPLIFIED NETWORK DIAGRAM
Delivering Internet Connectivity to a customer is a function of many things…
Local Internet
WWW
Customer
Central Office MSAN
Content
Local IP peering
Content
SDC
Remote MSAN
OLO’s / ISP’s
Copper Copper
Copper
Fibre
Access Network
Other Players
Metro-Ethernet Aggregation Network
IP Network
IP transit
IP connect / SAIX
Submarine
cables
15
NATIONAL & LOCAL TRANSMISSION NETWORK: CARRYING DATA TRAFFIC ACROSS 143,000 KM OF FIBRE
16
NATIONAL TRANSMISSION NETWORK: RESILIENCE
ASTN Grooming Node
Transparent Lambda Handover
LH DWDM
Metro/Regional
Direct Fibre Connectivity
International Link
FIFA 2010 Stadium
SAT-2
SAT-3
SAFE
Pretoria 2
Kimberly
Durban 1
Durban 2
Nelspruit 1
SAFE
KP
PC
Upington
Melkbos
Strand
Cape
Town 1
Cape
Town 2
Port
Elizabeth 1
Port
Elizabeth 2
Mtunzini
Bloemfontein 1
Bloemfontein 2
Jo’burg
1
Johannesburg 2 Johannesburg 3
Pretoria 1
Rustenburg 1 Rustenburg 2
Polokwane 1 Polokwane 2
Nelspruit 2
• Overhead fibre replacement to reduce “accidental” fibre/route damage and ensure network stability
• “Legacy” DWDM replacement – gearing for 10Gbit/s service capability on National Network
• Regional network enhancement – providing managed capacity and consolidated network infrastructure
• Intelligence – managed control of restoration schemes across multiple fibre routes
Telkom National Network enhancements
17
Business Management; Service Management; Operational Management & Element management
Telkom Centurion Campus
National Network
Operations Centre (NNOC)
Information Technology
Data Centre
National Business
Solutions Centre (NBSC)
TELKOM NETWORK OPERATIONS, BUSINESS SOLUTIONS & IT DATA CENTRES
18
MOZAMBIQUE
NAMIBIA
BOTSWANA
ZIMBABWE
LESOTHO
PORT ELIZABETH
BLOEMFONTEIN
CAPE TOWN
(MELKBOS)
UPINGTON
SPRINGBOK
JOHANNESBURG
PRETORIA
SOUTH AFRICA
KIMBERLEY
BETHLEHEM
SWAZILAND
MTUNZINI
Oranjemund/
Alexander Bay
Ariamsvlei/
Smalvis - Nakop
Ramatlabama/
Mmabatho
Tlokweng
Nietverdiendt
Beitbridge
Komatipoort/Thornhill
Oshoek/ Golela
Ficksburg/Ladybrand
DUAL FIBRE BORDER CROSSINGS WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
19
Taking fibre deeper into the network and new generation access nodes will enable increased broadband access speeds and coverage in commercially viable areas – “Bringing the submarine cables to your home”
AS-IS TO-BE
FTTx
Local Exchange revamp
REVAMP ACCESS: ENABLING A STEP-CHANGE IN BROADBAND CAPABILITY
• ~93% of current customer base in existing DSL coverage area
• ~2,700 remote DSLAM’s / DLC’s deployed
• ADSL and ADSL2+ technology
• Up to 10 Mbps
MSANs in central offices • xDSL/Voice combo cards technology • MSAN FTTH capable
DSLAM’s in central offices
• ADSL and ADSL2+ technology
• Up to 10 Mbps
FTTC - Increased to more than 3,700 PoP’s • VDSL2/Voice combo cards technology • MSAN FTTH capable
FTTH in selected areas • Future-proof xPON technology • Greenfield network deployments where there is not an
existing copper local loop and where these is a sufficient concentration of high-value customers (e.g. new gated communities)
• In economically viable clusters such as office parks and residential buildings where the business case makes sense
• Areas with very poor quality of copper access which would require significant reticulation investment to rehabilitate it and the business case makes sense
Local Loop
• Targeted rehabilitation of copper network
In the FTTx intervention • Reduction of average copper loop length to optimally provide
speeds demanded by the market via VDSL2
• 1.8km average copper loop length
• Rehabilitation of copper network
20
… in conclusion …
21
Technology
Intelligence
Regional and Local Coverage
National and Cross Border Coverage
International Coverage
World Class Control
Manageability
Long term
experience
State of the art
facilities
Proven Security and
QoS Manageability and Experience Facilities and Control Security and QoS Network Intelligence International Coverage National Coverage Regional and Local Coverage Technology
Value created not only by scale and presence
but also by depth, experience and the ability to innovate
THE JOURNEY TO A FUTURE-PROOF NETWORK
It is not only about investing in undersea cables for connectivity – it is about going the full distance
22