investigative business journalism - finding and pitching ideas by alec klein

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Presented by Alec Klein Professor, Medill School of Journalism Northwestern University Madison, Wis., Sept. 28, 2013

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Alec Klein, an award-winning investigative journalist and Northwestern University professor, presents tips for finding investigative story angles and pitching those story ideas during the free, full-day workshop, "Finding Your Best Investigative Business Story." This training event was hosted by the Donald W. Reynolds National Center for Business Journalism and the the SPJ Madison Pro Chapter at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Sept. 28, 2013. For more information about free training for business journalists, please visit http://businessjournalism.org. For more tips on how to develop investigative business journalism stories, please visit http://bit.ly/investigativebiz2013.

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Page 1: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

Presented  by  Alec  Klein  Professor,  Medill  School  of  Journalism  Northwestern  University  Madison,  Wis.,  Sept.  28,  2013  

Page 2: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

About  Me  

Northwestern  University  Professor  Alec  Klein  is  an  award-­‐winning  investigative  business  journalist  and  best-­‐selling  author,  formerly  of    The  Washington  Post  and  Wall  Street  Journal.    

Page 3: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  Father:  editor-­‐in-­‐chief,  New  York  Times  magazine  

¡  Busy  guy  ¡  Decided  to  write  for  high  school  paper  ¡  Assigned  to  cover    run-­‐of-­‐the-­‐mill  burglary  

 

Page 4: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  Came  home  from  reporting  the  story  ¡ Wrote  draft  of  story,  showed  to  father  ¡  “This  is  terrible.”  ¡  Did  you  call  the  school?  ¡  Phone  book:  Mrs.  Berman  at  home  

Page 5: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  Did  you  interview  the  police?  ¡  Homework  ¡  Subway  on  a  school  night  ¡  Police  station  

Page 6: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  Father  flipped  through  notes.  ¡ Miraculously,  found  a  quote  from  a  school  security  guard  

¡  “Worst  thing  ever  saw”  ¡  Another  miracle:  Had  noted  she  had  worked  at  school  for  nearly  25  years  

Page 7: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  Father  edited  my  story.  ¡  Translation:  He  rewrote  it.  ¡  Lede:  “In  the  worst  breakout  of  burglary  in  nearly  a  quarter  century…  

¡  Page  1  ¡  Hooked  

Page 8: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

Finding  and  pitching  your  best  investigative  business  story  

Page 9: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

To  begin  with,  you  need  PHOAM    ¡  P:assion  ¡  H:ook  ¡  O:riginality  ¡  A:ccess  ¡ M:arket  

Image  by  flickr  user  marttj  

Page 10: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  They  usually  come  from  beats.  

¡  That’s  because  they’re  organic.  They  arise  naturally  in  the  course  of  reporting.  

¡  To  wit:  Secret  bonuses  at  City  Hall  

¡  The  anonymous  tipster  on  AOL    

Image  by  flickr  user  MonkeyMike  

Page 11: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  This  is  not  the  same  thing  as  a  preconceived  notion.  

¡  Rather:  Consider  a  set  of  questions  that  need  answering.  

¡  To  wit:  When  cigarettes  are  under  attack,  why  are  cigars  being  glamorized?  (Yachting  magazine)  

Page 12: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  Let’s  say  you  think  you’ve  hit  on  a    great  idea.  

¡  How  do  you  check  it  out  to    make  sure  it’s  uncharted  territory?    ¡  Lexis-­‐Nexis  ¡  Amazon  ¡  Google    ¡  The  overriding  question:  Has  it  been  done  before?  

Page 13: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

But  who  has  time  to  pursue  investigative  business  stories,  especially  when  you’re  on  a  busy  beat  and  your  editor  is  breathing  down  your  neck  to  file  early  and  often?      

Page 14: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  Get  out  of  the  office:  kill  or  be  killed.  ¡  Cub  reporter:  worked  on  vacations—only  time  the  editors  couldn’t  assign  stories  

¡  Worked  on  weekends  ¡  Worked  after  hours,  after  the  proverbial  smoke  cleared  from  the  daily  deadlines  

¡  Bottom-­‐line:  find  time  

Page 15: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡ Darwinian  approach:  only  the  fittest  will  get  on  Page  One  

¡  In  the  old  days:  Only  three  stories  on  Page  One  

¡ Lot  of  reporters,  few  A1  slots  ¡ Mistake:  Walk  into  your  editor’s  office  with  an  ill-­‐conceived  idea.  

Page 16: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡ Such  as:  I’d  like  to  do  an  investigation  of  poverty  

¡ Many  a  times:  Bludgeoned  in  editor’s  office  

¡ Finally  figured  out:  Need  to  do  some  research  before  entering  the  torture  chamber  

¡ But  how  much  research?  

Page 17: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  About  20  percent  ¡  That’s  enough  to  tell  you  if  you’ve  got  a  story  or  whether  you’re  going  to  spin  your  wheels.  

¡  The  20  percent  solution:  § What’s  the  story?  §  A  new  trend?      §  A  twist  on  an  old  idea?  §  How  will  you  report  it,  and  how  long  will  it  take?  

Page 18: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡ Mistake:  Never  show  editors  your  raw  notes.  

¡ Made  that  mistake  on  AOL  

¡  Editor:  Don’t  get  it,  nothing  here.  Go  back  to  work.  

Page 19: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡ Then  Enron  happened  

¡ Editors:  What  was  Alec  working  on?  

¡ This  time:  I  wrote  a  memo  

¡ Set  free  for  a  year  

Page 20: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  Having  a  year  to  do  an  investigative  business  story  sounds  better  than  it  is.  

¡  You  better  come  up  with  a  great  piece.  ¡  Can  you  withstand  making  no  progress  for  several  weeks  at  a  time?  § Maybe  inbred  

Page 21: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡ Back  to  the  memo  

¡  It  clarifies  the  issues.  It  makes  editors  see.  They  can  print  it.  They  can  ruminate  over  it.  They  can  forward  it  by  email  to  their  bosses.  Then,  they  can  approve  it.  

Page 22: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  Let’s  say  your  editors  still  say  no.  

¡  Then  what?  

¡  Set  your  own  agenda.  

Page 23: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  The  old  model:  the  three-­‐part  series  that  took  a  year  to  report  and  runs  in  December  in  time  for  the  Pulitzer  entries  

¡  The  new  model:  write  episodically.  

¡  WSJ  did  this:  Word  was  sent  out  at  the  beginning  of  the  year—let’s  write  about  death.  

¡  The  episodic  approach,  it’s  the  way  of  the  world:  the  economy,  the  industry.  Investigative  reporting  is  expensive.  

Page 24: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  Build  on  your  beat  coverage.  

¡  Think  this  way:  once  a  month,  craft  a  great  piece  of  investigative  reporting  on  the  same  subject.  

¡  Over  a  year,  you’ll  end  up  with  12  pieces  that  amount  to  a  worthy  in-­‐depth  investigation  into  a  single  topic.  

Page 25: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡  The  Las  Vegas  Sun,  most  notably  including  the  reporting  of  Alexandra  Berzon,  won  the  2009  Pulitzer  Prize  for  public  service,  for  a  series  of  stories  about  the  high  death  rate  of  construction  workers  on  the  Las  Vegas  strip.  

¡  Steve  Fainaru  of  The  Washington  Post,  2008,    for  international  reporting,  for  his  episodic      stories  about  private  security  contractors  

¡  Kevin  Helliker  and  Thomas  M.  Burton  of  The      Wall  Street  Journal,  2004,  explanatory    

           reporting,  for  their  episodic  stories        about  aneurysms    

Page 26: Investigative Business Journalism - Finding and Pitching Ideas by Alec Klein

¡ Please  feel  free  to  contact  me  at  [email protected].