investigation of the early stages of growth of nanostructured...
TRANSCRIPT
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Investigation of the early stages of growth of nanostructured zirconia
produced by Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition:
from sub-monolayer to thin film regime
Francesca Borghi
LGM laboratory - CIMaINa
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Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
THIN FILMS
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Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
THIN FILMS
Semiconductor technology
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Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
THIN FILMS
Plasmonic nanostructures
Semiconductor technology
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Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
THIN FILMS
Plasmonic nanostructures MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on
(A) as-machined and (B) Ti-coated PEEK
Semiconductor technology
Biomedicine
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THIN FILMS DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
TOP-DOWN
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THIN FILMS DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
TOP-DOWN
BOTTOM-UP
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THIN FILMS DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
TOP-DOWN
BOTTOM-UP
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ASSEMBLING
of PRECURSORS
from GAS PHASE
onto a SUBSTRATE
PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
(PVD)
CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
(CVD)
THIN FILMS DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
TOP-DOWN
BOTTOM-UP
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ASSEMBLING
of PRECURSORS
from GAS PHASE
onto a SUBSTRATE
PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
(PVD)
CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
(CVD)
THIN FILMS DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
TOP-DOWN
BOTTOM-UP
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BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Venables, J. A., et al. Rep. Prog. Phys. 47, 399 (1984).
Atomic-Layer-Deposited
thin films
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BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Venables, J. A., et al. Rep. Prog. Phys. 47, 399 (1984).
PLEASE, NO DEFECTS!
Atomic-Layer-Deposited
thin films
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BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Venables, J. A., et al. Rep. Prog. Phys. 47, 399 (1984).
PLEASE, NO DEFECTS!
Atomic-Layer-Deposited
thin films
Nanostructured
clusters-assembled
thin films
5 mm
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BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Venables, J. A., et al. Rep. Prog. Phys. 47, 399 (1984).
PLEASE, NO DEFECTS!
Atomic-Layer-Deposited
thin films
Nanostructured
clusters-assembled
thin films
Controlled properties
by disorder organized
at the nano/meso scale
5 mm
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DEPOSITION OF CLUSTERS
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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DEPOSITION OF CLUSTERS
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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DEPOSITION OF CLUSTERS
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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Ekin > 1Fragmentation
ε
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Ekin > 1Fragmentation
ε
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Ekin > 1Fragmentation
ε
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FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
Ekin > 1Fragmentation
ε
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Wettability
From STRUCTURAL to FUNCTIONAL properties
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
ns-TiOx
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IsoElectric Point
ns-TiOx
Wettability
From STRUCTURAL to FUNCTIONAL properties
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
ns-TiOx
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IsoElectric Point
ns-TiOx
Wettability
ns-ZrOx
From STRUCTURAL to FUNCTIONAL properties
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
ns-TiOx
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IsoElectric Point
ns-TiOx
Wettability
ns-ZrOx
From STRUCTURAL to FUNCTIONAL properties
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
ns-TiOx
Electrical properties
ns-Au
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IsoElectric Point
ns-TiOx
Wettability
ns-ZrOx
From STRUCTURAL to FUNCTIONAL properties
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
ns-TiOx
Electrical properties
ns-Au
Electrochemical properties
ns-C
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IsoElectric Point
ns-TiOx
Wettability
ns-ZrOx
From STRUCTURAL to FUNCTIONAL properties
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
ns-TiOx
Electrical properties
ns-Au
Electrochemical properties
ns-C
Biocompatibility
ns-ZrOx
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IsoElectric Point
ns-TiOx
Wettability
ns-ZrOx
From STRUCTURAL to FUNCTIONAL properties
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
ns-TiOx
Electrical properties
ns-Au
Electrochemical properties
ns-C
Biocompatibility
ns-ZrOx
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GROWTH PROCESS
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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DESCRIBE
GROWTH PROCESS
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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DESCRIBE
CONTROL
GROWTH PROCESS
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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DESCRIBE
CONTROL
ENGINEER
GROWTH PROCESS
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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DESCRIBE
CONTROL
ENGINEER
STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL properties
GROWTH PROCESS
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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DESCRIBE
CONTROL
ENGINEER
From the early stages, few clusters on the surface
STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL properties
GROWTH PROCESS
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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Barabási, A.-L. &
Stanley, H. E. Fractal
Concepts in Surface
Growth. (Cambridge
University Press, 1995)
Jensen, P. Rev. Mod.
Phys. (1999)
EXPERIMENTS and THEORY
STATE OF ART
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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Barabási, A.-L. &
Stanley, H. E. Fractal
Concepts in Surface
Growth. (Cambridge
University Press, 1995)
Jensen, P. Rev. Mod.
Phys. (1999)
EXPERIMENTS and THEORY
Bréchignac, C. et al. Für Phys. At. Mol. Clust. (1997)
Bouwen, W. et al. Thin Solid Films, (1999)
Bardotti, L., et al. Surf. Sci. (2000)
Bardotti, L. et al.. Surf. Sci., (1996)
Vandamme, et al. J. Phys. Condens. Matter, (2003)
Fuchs, G. et al. Für Phys. At. Mol. Clust., (1993)
Yoon, B. et al., Surf. Sci. , (1999)
Bouwen, W. et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., (2000)
STATE OF ART
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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Barabási, A.-L. &
Stanley, H. E. Fractal
Concepts in Surface
Growth. (Cambridge
University Press, 1995)
Jensen, P. Rev. Mod.
Phys. (1999)
EXPERIMENTS and THEORY
Bréchignac, C. et al. Für Phys. At. Mol. Clust. (1997)
Bouwen, W. et al. Thin Solid Films, (1999)
Bardotti, L., et al. Surf. Sci. (2000)
Bardotti, L. et al.. Surf. Sci., (1996)
Vandamme, et al. J. Phys. Condens. Matter, (2003)
Fuchs, G. et al. Für Phys. At. Mol. Clust., (1993)
Yoon, B. et al., Surf. Sci. , (1999)
Bouwen, W. et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., (2000)
STATE OF ART
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Too complex system for
theoretical framework
Low stability and deposition rate of cluster sources
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Barabási, A.-L. &
Stanley, H. E. Fractal
Concepts in Surface
Growth. (Cambridge
University Press, 1995)
Jensen, P. Rev. Mod.
Phys. (1999)
EXPERIMENTS and THEORY
Bréchignac, C. et al. Für Phys. At. Mol. Clust. (1997)
Bouwen, W. et al. Thin Solid Films, (1999)
Bardotti, L., et al. Surf. Sci. (2000)
Bardotti, L. et al.. Surf. Sci., (1996)
Vandamme, et al. J. Phys. Condens. Matter, (2003)
Fuchs, G. et al. Für Phys. At. Mol. Clust., (1993)
Yoon, B. et al., Surf. Sci. , (1999)
Bouwen, W. et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., (2000)
STATE OF ART
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Do NOT focus on single defect but on the MESO/MACRO effects of disorder
Too complex system for
theoretical framework
Low stability and deposition rate of cluster sources
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ns-ZrOx
Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition of NS-ZrOx Thin Film
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
K. Wegner, Journal of Phys. D Appl. Phys. (2006)
CLUSTER SOURCE
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ns-ZrOx
At room temperature
On fragments of polished Si wafers (~ 1x0,5 cm2)
With Helium or Argon as carrier gas
Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition of NS-ZrOx Thin Film
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
K. Wegner, Journal of Phys. D Appl. Phys. (2006)
CLUSTER SOURCE
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time
ns-ZrOx
At room temperature
On fragments of polished Si wafers (~ 1x0,5 cm2)
With Helium or Argon as carrier gas
Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition of NS-ZrOx Thin Film
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
K. Wegner, Journal of Phys. D Appl. Phys. (2006)
CLUSTER SOURCE
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Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Atomic Force Microscopy
Characterization of NS-ZrOx Thin Film
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Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Atomic Force Microscopy
Characterization of NS-ZrOx Thin Film
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Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Atomic Force Microscopy
Characterization of NS-ZrOx Thin Film
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Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Atomic Force Microscopy
Characterization of NS-ZrOx Thin Film
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EVALUATION OF THE GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
2μm x 1μm x 0.005μm
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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EVALUATION OF THE GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
2μm x 1μm x 0.005μm
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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Coverage: ratio between the area occupied by clusters on the surface and the scanned area
EVALUATION OF THE GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
2μm x 1μm x 0.005μm
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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Coverage: ratio between the area occupied by clusters on the surface and the scanned area
EVALUATION OF THE GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES
Objects with dimension in z-direction different from the dimensions of primeval incident cluster
have been called islands
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
2μm x 1μm x 0.005μm
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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SURFACE EVOLUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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Ns-ZrOx CLUSTER SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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Ns-ZrOx CLUSTER SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
0.5 ± 0.2 nm
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Ns-ZrOx CLUSTER SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
2.5 ± 1 nm 6.3 ± 3.4 nm
0.5 ± 0.2 nm
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Ns-ZrOx CLUSTER SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
2.5 ± 1 nm 6.3 ± 3.4 nm
0.5 ± 0.2 nm
A. Podestà, J. of Appl. Phys., 2015
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SURFACE EVOLUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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SURFACE EVOLUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Islands
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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He Ar
HEIGHT EVOLUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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0 - 10 % : coalescence and fast nucleation
processes
He Ar
HEIGHT EVOLUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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0 - 10 % : coalescence and fast nucleation
processes
10 - 70 %: (He) x-y juxtaposition and nucleation
of new islands, (Ar) stepwise around
coverage of 50%
He Ar
HEIGHT EVOLUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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0 - 10 % : coalescence and fast nucleation
processes
10 - 70 %: (He) x-y juxtaposition and nucleation
of new islands, (Ar) stepwise around
coverage of 50%
70 - 100 % : Starting point of ballistic deposition
(without diffusion and coalescence)
He Ar
HEIGHT EVOLUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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0 - 10 % : coalescence and fast nucleation
processes
10 - 70 %: (He) x-y juxtaposition and nucleation
of new islands, (Ar) stepwise around
coverage of 50%
70 - 100 % : Starting point of ballistic deposition
(without diffusion and coalescence)
He Ar
HEIGHT EVOLUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
nearest neighbor B. D.
Sticking probability =1
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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0 - 10 % : coalescence and fast nucleation
processes
10 - 70 %: (He) x-y juxtaposition and nucleation
of new islands, (Ar) stepwise around
coverage of 50%
70 - 100 % : Starting point of ballistic deposition
(without diffusion and coalescence)
He Ar
HEIGHT EVOLUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
nearest neighbor B. D.
Sticking probability =1
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Sticking probability ≠1
Robledo, A. et al. Phys. Rev. E 83, 051604 (2011)
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0 - 10 % : coalescence and fast nucleation
processes
10 - 70 %: (He) x-y juxtaposition and nucleation
of new islands, (Ar) stepwise around
coverage of 50%
70 - 100 % : Starting point of ballistic deposition
(without diffusion and coalescence)
He Ar
HEIGHT EVOLUTION
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
nearest neighbor B. D.
Sticking probability =1
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Sticking probability ≠1
Robledo, A. et al. Phys. Rev. E 83, 051604 (2011)
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DENSITY OF CLUSTERS AND ISLANDS
He
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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DENSITY OF CLUSTERS AND ISLANDS
He
Nucleation events
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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DENSITY OF CLUSTERS AND ISLANDS
He
Nucleation events Competition between
nucleation events
and island growth
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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DENSITY OF CLUSTERS AND ISLANDS
He
Nucleation events Competition between
nucleation events
and island growth
Islands coalescence
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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DENSITY OF CLUSTERS AND ISLANDS
He Ar
Nucleation events Competition between
nucleation events
and island growth
Islands coalescence
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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DENSITY OF CLUSTERS AND ISLANDS
He Ar
Nucleation events Competition between
nucleation events
and island growth
Islands coalescence
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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DENSITY OF CLUSTERS AND ISLANDS
He Ar
Nucleation events Competition between
nucleation events
and island growth
Islands coalescence
Nsat ~ 25%Nsat ~ 45%
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
F. borghi, et al., Arxiv, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
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Rq ~ hβ
From SUB-MONOLAYER to THIN FILM REGIME
β - growth exponent
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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Rq ~ hβ
From SUB-MONOLAYER to THIN FILM REGIME
β - growth exponent
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
β = 0.24 ± 0.02
β = 0.39 ± 0.02
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Rq ~ hβ
From SUB-MONOLAYER to THIN FILM REGIME
β - growth exponent
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
β = 0.24 ± 0.02
β = 0.39 ± 0.02
β = 0.20 ± 0.01
β = 0.39 ± 0.02
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Rq ~ hβ
From SUB-MONOLAYER to THIN FILM REGIME
β - growth exponent
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
β = 0.24 ± 0.02
β = 0.39 ± 0.02
β = 0.20 ± 0.01
β = 0.39 ± 0.02
A.G. Konstandopoulos, Powder Technol. 109, 262 (2000)
Sticking probability ≠1
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Rq ~ hβ
From SUB-MONOLAYER to THIN FILM REGIME
β - growth exponent
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
β = 0.24 ± 0.02
β = 0.39 ± 0.02
β = 0.20 ± 0.01
β = 0.39 ± 0.02 β = 0.37 ± 0.05
β = 0.32 ± 0.08
A.G. Konstandopoulos, Powder Technol. 109, 262 (2000)
Sticking probability ≠1
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Rq ~ hβ
From SUB-MONOLAYER to THIN FILM REGIME
β - growth exponent
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
BALLISTIC DEPOSITION
in 2+1 MODEL!
β = 0.24 ± 0.02
β = 0.39 ± 0.02
β = 0.20 ± 0.01
β = 0.39 ± 0.02 β = 0.37 ± 0.05
β = 0.32 ± 0.08
A.G. Konstandopoulos, Powder Technol. 109, 262 (2000)
Sticking probability ≠1Barabási, A.-L. & Stanley, H. E. Fractal Concepts in
Surface Growth. (Cambridge University Press, 1995)
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SURFACE GROWTH ON SPHERICAL GEOMETRY
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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SURFACE GROWTH ON SPHERICAL GEOMETRY
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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SURFACE GROWTH ON SPHERICAL GEOMETRY
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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F. Borghi, M. Chighizola, L. Marfori
SURFACE GROWTH ON SPHERICAL GEOMETRY
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
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F. Borghi, M. Chighizola, L. Marfori
SURFACE GROWTH ON SPHERICAL GEOMETRY
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
July 9-14, 2017 - Boston
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SURFACE GROWTH WITH ANNEALING
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Cluster-assembled
Rq =20 nm
Sputtered
Rq=1 nm
Ns-TiOx
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SURFACE GROWTH WITH ANNEALING
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Cluster-assembled
Rq =20 nm
Sputtered
Rq=1 nm
Ns-TiOx
Rq =52 nmRq =5 nm
C. Lenardi & A. Podestà
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SURFACE GROWTH WITH ANNEALING
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
2μm x 1μm x 0.01μmCluster-assembled
Rq =20 nm
Sputtered
Rq=1 nm
Ns-ZrOxNs-TiOx
Rq =52 nmRq =5 nm
C. Lenardi & A. Podestà
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SURFACE GROWTH WITH ANNEALING
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
2μm x 1μm x 0.01μm
F. Borghi, et al. Journal of Applied Physics (2016)
Cluster-assembled
Rq =20 nm
Sputtered
Rq=1 nm
Ns-ZrOxNs-TiOx
Rq =52 nmRq =5 nm
C. Lenardi & A. Podestà
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Growth dynamics in sub-monolayer regime determines
different morphological properties of the cluster-assembled thin film
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
CONCLUSIONS
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Growth dynamics in sub-monolayer regime determines
different morphological properties of the cluster-assembled thin film
The morphological properties of cluster-assembled samples
in thin-film regime evolve according to a ballistic deposition model
(2+1), irrespective of the incident cluster dimensions
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
CONCLUSIONS
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Growth dynamics in sub-monolayer regime determines
different morphological properties of the cluster-assembled thin film
The morphological properties of cluster-assembled samples
in thin-film regime evolve according to a ballistic deposition model
(2+1), irrespective of the incident cluster dimensions
Thin films preserve their morphological properties and their
history even after a quite severe annealing process
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
CONCLUSIONS
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MAIN RESULT
We can describe and control the growth of
nanostructured thin films in order to tune the functional
properties of the interface by changing its morphology
Growth dynamics in sub-monolayer regime determines
different morphological properties of the cluster-assembled thin film
The morphological properties of cluster-assembled samples
in thin-film regime evolve according to a ballistic deposition model
(2+1), irrespective of the incident cluster dimensions
Thin films preserve their morphological properties and their
history even after a quite severe annealing process
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
CONCLUSIONS
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PERSPECTIVE
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Novel nanostructured scaffolds to investigate
signalling in reconstructed neuronal networks
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PERSPECTIVE
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Novel nanostructured scaffolds to investigate
signalling in reconstructed neuronal networks
100 μm
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PERSPECTIVE
Introduction Strategy & Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions
Novel nanostructured scaffolds to investigate
signalling in reconstructed neuronal networks
Control on morphological properties functional ones
100 μm
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LGM laboratory - CIMaINa
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LGM laboratory - CIMaINa