investigating and modelling the relationship between scuba diver behaviour and coral health
TRANSCRIPT
Summary
- Scuba Diver and Behaviour Literature
- Methodology
- Scuba Diver behaviour
- Conceptual model
Scuba Diving
- Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
- Training organisations; PADI, SSI, CMAS, NAUI
- PADI• > 900,000 annual certifications
• > 23,000,000 divers since 1967
(PADI 2015)
- 1% of Ocean floor consist of coral reefs
- One quarter of marine species
- Importance
Coral Reefs
(Smithsonian 2015)
Scuba Diver ImpactsDirect damage
- Abrasion
- Breakage
- Sedimentation
Coral Impact
- Disease
- Bleaching
- Physical
(Hariott et al 1997; Hasler and Ott 2008; Luna et al 2009; Toyoshima and Nadaoka 2015; Uyarra and Cote 2007)
(Guzner et al 2010; Lamb et al 2014 )
- Intentional
- Limb
- Cause
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
St Lucia Florida Keys Bonaire Red Sea
Diver Contacts per Minute
Contacts per minute
(Barker and Roberts 2004; Camp and Fraser 2012; Medio et al 1997; Uyarra and Cote 2007)
Methods
Questionnaire- Demographic
- Obligations
- Awareness
- Values
(Anderson and Loomis 2002;Heywood 2002; Lucrezi et al 2013; Salim et al 2013; Stern 2000)
Scuba Diver observations- 10 minutes
- Contacts
- Behaviour
(Barker and Roberts 2004; Camp and Fraser 2012; Hariott et al 1997; Hasler and Ott2008; Medio et al 1997; Luna et al 2009; Toyoshima and Nadaoka 2015; Uyarra and Cote 2007)
Results
- 104 participants
- 60.6% Male | 39.4% Female
- 11 Nationalities (45% Malaysian)
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
50.00%
18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+
Age Groups
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
OW AOW Rescue Pro
Certifications
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
PADI SSI CMAS Other
Training Organisation
2.51
0.875
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Pre-Intervention Post-Intervention
Average Contacts
p = 1.569E-10
- Gender (R = 0.071)
- Certification (R = 0.083)
- Number of dives (R = 0.042)
- Buoyancy (R = -0.23)
- Camera (R = 0.088)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
Positioning Trim Finning
Behaviour
Pre-Intervention Post-Intervention
R = -0.24
R = -0.10
R = -0.18
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Positioning Finning Buoyancy Look Trim Photography
Cause of Contact
Pre-Intervention Post Intervention
p = 0.05
- Point of contact (p = 0.23)
- Environmental outcome (p = 0.34)
- Accidental (p = 0.13)
Constant (Contacts)5.32**
(-1.13)
Buoyancy-1.27**
(0.45)
Positioning-0.69*
(0.32)
Keep Fins away-0.42*
(0.20)
Number of Dives0.83*
(0.34)
Damage Coral-1.18**
(0.25)
Touch Coral0.79**
(0.22)
R Squared 0.284
No. Observations 103
* And ** represent significance at 95% and 99% respectively
Multiple Regression Analysis
Environmental Value Environmental Awareness
Norms / Obligations
Diver Goals
Positioning
Buoyancy Control
Diver Action
Experience
Environmental World View
Intervention -briefing
Coral Health
Conceptual Model
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