invest in valencia

VALENCIA»INVEST IN

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INTERNACIONAL VALENCIACIUDAD INTERNACIONAL

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

VALENCIA »INVEST IN


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VALENCIA »INVEST IN

©TVCB, Valencia. www.turisvalencia.es

»0 INTRODUCTION

1. INVEST IN VALENCIA, THE BEST CHOICE

2. A DYNAMIC ECONOMY ABOUNDING WITH BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

3. INFRASTRUCTURES

4. Very COMPETITIVE COSTS

5. POLITICAL, LEGAL, REGULATORY, ENVIRONMENTAL and SOCIAL STABILITY

6. TALENT and INNOVATION

7. A CITY with a VOCATION and an INTERNATIONAL PROFILE

8. QUALITY of LIFE

9. THE CITY’S FUTURE PLANS

10. MAIN SECTORS IN THE VALENCIAN ECONOMY

11. ANNEX

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21

35

51

61

73

87

97

111

121

163

Index

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OBJECTIVES:

Cities are complex, multidimensional places, which are constantly being transformed by the interaction of the

wide range of factors involved in them. Population size and structure, demographic change, infrastructure, endo-

genous local features, economic activity, business dynamism, cultural manifestations and the knowledge ecosys-

tem are just some of the variables that explain them.

The city of Valencia has a determined vocation to be a great place to do business and also provides the oppor-

tunity to generate synergies with its area of influence, which stretches beyond its municipal limits. There is a clear

need to provide investors from abroad, who may not be aware of the city’s context, with an understanding of the

city and its surrounding area.

The International Relations Department at Valencia City Council has produced this dossier describing the city’s

many facets and identifying the main attributes that differentiate it and its competitive advantages over other

locations. All in all, this document compiles and analyses Valencia’s potential and strengths, in a broad sense, as

an ideal place to set up productive activities of different kinds to generate wealth, employment and economic

dynamism and complement existing businesses.

INTRODUCTION

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GUIDE TO READING THIS DOCUMENT:

In spite of the effort we have made to simplify and select the most relevant issues that explain Valencia, the intrinsic

complexity of the city being studied and the professional approach taken to it has produced a large amount of

information. Nevertheless, we have sought to combine this ambitious approach with the objective of producing a

document that is easy to use. To do this, we have defined different reading levels:

• Headlines: highlighted and in larger text. These present the most significant information, providing the main

conclusions and allowing them to be quickly read.

• Highlights: showing the main quantitative or qualitative data.

• Commentary: text which contextualises the subject and provides data and supporting arguments. If you

are interested in going deeper into the subjects set out, you can refer to the annex, which lists the sources

and information taken from them.

The document is divided into three different parts: a description of the attributes, analysis of the most representati-

ve clusters in the area’s economy, and the annex.

First of all, there is the descriptive part, which details Valencia’s differentiating attributes and competitive

factors, highlighting the elements that add value for investors and contrasting them with other areas, when

possible. This part is divided into the following themes:

1. Invest in Valencia, the best choice. This first point lists the top ten reasons for investing in Valencia.

2. A dynamic economy abounding with business opportunities. This section sets out the size of the market

(quantifying the potential customers that can be accessed from Valencia). The main macroeconomic

figures are highlighted and the sectors that are most representative of the Valencian economy are introdu-

ced in broad terms.

3. Infrastructure and logistics. This section highlights Valencia’s outstanding geostrategic position in Spain

and the Mediterranean and its transport connections, in particular Valencia's Port.

4. Very competitive costs. Here we set out Valencia’s characteristics as a highly competitive area with lower

salary and property costs than other large Spanish cities together with a moderate tax burden.

5. Political, legal, regulatory, environmental and social stability. Valencia is presented as an area that

inspires confidence in investors for both the stability of its legal framework and its low rate of social and

labour disputes compared with other areas.

6. Talent and innovation. The city is positioned as an area with qualified human resources and an enterpri-

sing spirit, which draws in talent, has capacity for innovation and outstanding research teams, and can

provide ideal productive solutions for all kinds of economic activity.

7. A city with a vocation and an international profile. This highlights Valencia’s positioning and profile as

a modern, innovative, future-minded city that is an international meeting point.

8. Quality of life. This section lists Valencia’s attributes as an ideal city to live in as it is a perfect size with the

advantages of large cities in terms of its structure and services but without the problems they suffer from,

an exceptional climate, beaches, outstanding natural spaces, quality services and a reasonable cost of

living.

9. The city’s future plans. This section includes the specifications of some of the main projects being under-

taken or to be carried out in the near future to improve the city.

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Secondly, it includes an economic business analysis of the main clusters in Valencia:

• Consolidated strategic clusters, which stand out as the main aggregate turnover groupings.

• Emerging clusters, with great future growth potential.

• Idiosyncratic clusters, which are relevant as they are activities close to the heart of our culture and lend

great personality to the area, even though they do not produce such vast turnover as consolidated indus-

tries.

Lastly, there is an annex that supplements and expands on the information set out in the previous sections and

gives readers the possibility of going into each of the themes in greater depth, as it provides greater detail and

rigorous treatment of the data set out. This part ends with a brief directory of the main agents and institutions in

Valencia, as a resource guide.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES:

Research scope:

The first difficulty one finds when studying a large city from such a comprehensive point of view, apart from the

many different factors that have to be analysed, is how to define the area itself.

Nowadays, there is no question regarding the relevance of cities in the modern context of a globalised economy,

as they are places that define the key factors needed to complete as focal points to attract productive investment

and talent. The economic development generated by a city is naturally not limited to its its municipal limits. Cities

instead expand their influence throughout the region, creating economies of agglomeration.

Cities cannot be understood without taking into account their territorial framework (metropolitan area, province

and autonomous community in the case of Spanish territorial organisation) with which they produce synergies,

while larger aggregations cease to make sense without a major city as their focal point. In the case of Valencia,

this territorial assimilation can be seen in the names themselves, as the province and autonomous community

(Valencian Community) are named after the city.

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A 164

The stimulating role played by the city of Valencia, as an economic, social and cultural driving force within its

area of influence, has often led to the province being defined as the unit of analysis. And when studying sectors of

production, it has occasionally been expanded to the Valencian Community. Since the purpose of this document

is to explain Valencia to potential foreign investors, and since they may be unaware of our territorial definitions, we

have used the concept of metropolitan region, defined by Eurostat, as a synonym for province in order to make it

easier for readers to understand the data.

Taking into account the target audience the document is aimed at, we considered it necessary at some points to

contextualise Valencia within Spain, since some variables are defined nationally and our country’s positioning on

the international stage conditions Valencia’s positioning.

Territorial links:

In the information age, the internet (network of networks) has become not only a means of communication but

also the main channel for commercial and business relations, especially in high-profit transactions with great stra-

tegic value. In this context it is difficult to continue to speak in terms of traditional territorial concepts.

The territory is no longer structured only by bidirectional corridors that link large nodes as it was at the beginning

of the industrial era. If one focuses on criteria more relevant to the current economic situation and on indicators

that are more qualitative and quantitative, one can see that an intercommunication mesh of variable intensity is

spreading out from the former territorial focal points. As infrastructure had improved and travel times have shor-

tened, it has spread and allowed movement of people and goods on a grid rather than an axis, just as on the

internet.

This territorial communication network does not rule out the previous configuration but instead starts from the

traditional structure of the territory based on strong focal points, seen as vectors, which in addition to connecting

spaces to one another create opportunities along the route. They thus join together the branches off those foci, as

well as their added potential, generating a broad network of exchange. This model allows the linking of areas, the

demographic and economic strengths of which combine to create a powerful area of contact, stitching together

the areas of the country with the greatest expectations. This approach allows us to detect interesting interrelations

and synergies with other cities such as Madrid.

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Variables studied and sources used:

Since cities and territories are defined by an infinite variety of variables that outline their complex mesh of interre-

lationships, the first challenge for this document was to identify the factors that are most representative of Valencia

and then compile the key data, from various accredited sources, which best express the city’s potential and

strengths.

In the process of producing the report, a vast amount of heterogeneous data from various sources was compiled

in order to save the reader the arduous task of searching for all of the information and to aid analysis by selecting

the most relevant aspects so as to offer an overview of what Valencia and its surrounding area are like and the

investment opportunities it offers. The study seeks to provide a homogeneous overview of the aspects of greatest

interest to potential investors. The fundamental objective of this document is to combine ease of reading and un-

derstanding with justified development of the information presented without over-complicating it.

When we were selecting the sources we prioritised the use of more recent statistical information, as for many of the

indicators used being as up-to-date as possible is a crucial factor. This principle has been followed except in cases

in which the most immediate data are unreliable and/or not as precise as older sources.

Analysis of economic sectors:

Identification of the main consolidated strategic clusters was based on studying the companies in the Valencia

metropolitan region that invoice more than one million euros, according to Companies Registry data from 2011.

The decisive aspect of our working philosophy was to identify the most significant economic activities and those

with the greatest impact on our territory in terms of wealth and job creation in order to give the reader an overview

of how our economy works.

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As explained in chapter 2, this analysis should not be seen as an exhaustive economic analysis or as a tool for cal-

culating the area’s GDP. The economic data concerning clusters are the aggregate figures for the set of compa-

nies included in them. Therefore, it makes sense to interpret these data as an indicator of the economic dynamism

of this business activity in our region, and in our opinion they fulfil that role.

We selected the emerging and idiosyncratic clusters in our economy based not only on quantitative criteria but

also on qualitative aspects, based mainly on assessments by experts and opinion leaders.

1» VALENCIATHE BEST CHOICE

INVEST IN

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VALENCIA1 Valencia is the third-largest city in Spain and the fourth-lar-

gest metropolitan region in the Mediterranean Arc.

2 Valencia provides access to more than 1,200 million con-sumers: Europe, Latin America, Middle East and North Africa.

3 Valencia has great investment appeal as it is a dynamic pla-ce with attractive business opportunities.

4 Valencia has an outstanding geostrategic position in the Mediterranean Arc.

5 Valencia's Port, the largest in the Mediterranean, is the back-bone of a leading international logistics centre.

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THE BEST CHOICE

6 Valencia has very competitive operating costs and tax be-nefits for companies.

7 Valencia’s stability in political, social and employment terms creates an excellent business climate.

8 Valencia combines talent, knowledge and innovation, offe-ring high productivity.

9 Valencia is a leading, internationally renowned city with a unique personality.

10 Quality beaches and green spaces cloaked in the pleasant Mediterranean climate, together with a moderate cost of li-ving, a balanced size and an advanced health system make Valencia the ideal city to live in.

» 2ECONOMYABOUNDING WITH BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

A DYNAMIC

22

Valenciais the third-largest

city in Spain

Valencia is a very attractive market and a bridge to more than 1,200 million consumers

Population size and growth are clear indicators of

how economically dynamic an area is, as these

variables show its ability to retain and attract both

investment and human capital. In contrast, areas

that are stagnant or in recession and that have

less development potential lose population as

people are forced to look for other opportunities.

Valencia, Spain’s third-largest city, and its metro-

politan area are now home to more than a mi-

llion and a half inhabitants. This figure rises to two

and a half million if one includes the surrounding

Valencia is the fourth-largest metropolitan

region in the Mediterranean Arc

3

4

metropolitan region.1 Over the last decade, Va-

lencia’s demographics have undergone growth

in excess of 10%, establishing it as one of the 25

largest metropolitan regions in Europe and the

fourth in the Mediterranean Arc.

1 A metropolitan region is the geographical area, as defined by Eurostat, which is the equivalent of a province in Spain.

Compiled by author

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Basing your company in Valencia gives you di-

rect access to the entire population of Spain

and Portugal with around 57 million inhabitants.

In addition, with its established connectivity and

geostrategic position, Valencia allows access to

Source: Compiled by author | Eurostat | 2012

Metropolitan regions in the Mediterranean Arc

Valencia

Barcelona

Marseille

Genoa

Rome

Naples

the European market and North Africa, as well as

Latin America with which Spain has close cultural

and business links. That means more than 1,200

million consumers. A 167

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The Spanish and Valencianeconomy is back on the pathto growth

Spain plays an unquestionable role in the inter-

national economic context. It is among the 15

most powerful economies in the world, contri-

buting with more than $1,323.5 billion to global

GDP. It is a leading economy in the European

Union alongside Germany, France, the United

Kingdom and Italy.

The second half of 2013 saw a shift in the Spanish

economy’s outlook with the first signs of econo-

mic recovery giving rise to positive forecasts for

the immediate future. In fact, all the experts agree

that the Spanish economy will see positive eco-

nomic growth in 2014 of around 0.8%.

An upturn in household consumption is expected

in 2014, while imports and exports will grow fas-

ter than in previous years (approx. 5.7%). The im-

provement in economic activity and the effect

of employment reforms are expected to create

new jobs, which is what the Spanish economy

urgently needs.

The growth forecast for the Spanish economy in 2014 is

0.8%

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Spainis the fifth-largest

economyin the European Union

5

United States

China

Japan

Germany

France

United Kingdom

Brazil

Russia

Italy

India

Canada

Australia

Spain

Mexico

South Korea

US$ (billions)

Source: Compiled by author | IMF | 2012

The 15 largest economies in the world.

Unit: US$ (billions)

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Valencia is the third-largest

metropolitanregion in terms of

export volume

Valencia is the third-largest economy in Spain

Valencia’s economic dynamism is nothing new.

In Phoenician times, Valencia was an outstanding

Mediterranean trade centre. The Valencia Silk Ex-

change or Merchants’ Market, a Unesco World

Heritage Site, is the finest exponent of the city’s

strength and wealth in the 15th century. It clearly

demonstrates the hegemony achieved by Valen-

Valencia is ranked 5th amongst the cities with the

greatest potential in the south of Europe and 4th for skilled

human resources.

Valencia’s GDP

453,347 million

3

cia during the commercial revolution of the Mi-

ddle Ages.

After Madrid and Barcelona, Valencia is the

me-tropolitan region that mostly contributes

to Spain’s GDP. According to the latest data

avai-lable, the Valencia Metropolitan region

added 453,347,298,000 to Spain’s gross

domestic pro-duct in 2010, more than 5% of the

national total. It is a leading productive region,

which can boast of being the most southerly

industrial region in Europe.

Valencia is the region with the third-highest level

of exports in Spain with 411,498,529,000 exported

in 2012. The main exports are related to the most

dynamic economic sectors: vehicles and motor

industry components, agricultural products and

machines and electric appliances. Overall, Va-

lencia has a good balance of trade with imports

slightly higher than exports.

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Spainis the 14th-highest

recipient of foreign direct investment in the world and

the 4th in the European Union.Foreign investors

trust in Valencia

City Country

1 Oslo Norway

2 Amsterdam Netherlands

3 Helsinki Finland

4 Valencia Spain

5 Kiev Ukraine

6 Edinburgh United Kingdom

7 Glasgow United Kingdom

8 Gothenburg Sweden

9 Marseille France

10 Birmingham United Kingdom

TOP 10 Large Cities. Skilled Human Resources.

FDI Intelligence | European Cities and Regions of the Future 2012-2013

Spain is well-positioned internationally as a reci-

pient of foreign direct investment. It is currently

14th in the global ranking of foreign direct in-

vestment flows and 4th among European Union

member states. It attracted a total of $27,750 mi-

llion, 3% more than last year.

Valencia also has great investment appeal as it

is a dynamic and innovative place. The Financial

Times, fDi Intelligence report “European Cities

and Regions of the Future 2012-2013” ranked

Valencia as one of the top 10 cities for skilled hu-

man resources. Valencia also features in

other rankings in the report: it is among the

top 10 cities with greatest potential in the south

of Europe and for FDI promotion

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179FDI projects


Ford, Vossloh, ArcelorMittal, Roquette, Plastic Omnium, Hasbro, Mediterranean Shipping Company and Hewlett-Packard are just some of the large companies based in Valencia

Leading companies choose Valencia

Valencia is a very appealing place to invest for

foreign companies looking to set up in Spain or

Europe. According to data provided by Fdi In-

telligence, in the last decade 179 projects have

been set up in the Valencia Metropolitan region,

investing $7,716.5 million, placing the city in third

place for FDI in Spain.

Leading companies in their respective industries

are committing themselves to and investing in Va-

Valencia is the third Spanish city in

attracting FDI

lencia. Ford, the car manufacturer, the German

engineering company Vossloh (which builds ro-

lling stock and railway infrastructure), ArcelorMit-

tal (the world's largest steel company), the French

multinational Roquette, Plastic Omnium, Hasbro,

the toy company, Mediterranean Shipping Com-

pany and Hewlett-Packard are just some exam-

ples of large international companies that see

Valencia as the ideal place to set up base and

do business.

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5%of Spanish companies

are in Valencia

5

Valencian companies are known for their dynamism and innovation

The extensive and varied industrial and business

fabric in Valencia confirms the area’s dynamic,

innovative and enterprising character. Valencia’s

business structure reflects the pattern found in the

country as a whole. Micro companies clearly

predominate; more than 90% of companies have

fewer than 10 employees.

Valencia is third in the national rankings again in

terms of both the total number of companies and

the number of large companies. Approximately

5% of the 11,357 companies in Spain with more

than 100 workers are in Valencia.

Valencia has a rich and wide variety of develo-

ped-economy companies covering all the main

industries.

Due to the large number of existing companies

and since our aim is to provide a preliminary

overview of the Valencian economy and define

its main industries, our analysis focuses on com-

panies in the Valencia Metropolitan region with

turnover of more than 41 million. More than 6,300

companies are included in the sample and it is a

good indicator for companies in general as it is

sufficiently representative.

The study analyses companies with

turnover of more than 41 million.

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The Valencian economy is defined by its diverse variety of businesses

The database used, which groups compa-

nies by two-digit CNAE code1, reflects Valen-

cia's economic diversity, as 90% of the econo-

mic activity categories defined in the CNAE

2009 (two digits) are represented. The CNAE is

divided into 88 two-digit codes and Valencia

has companies with turnover of more than 41

million at all levels except for 9 economic

activities, which basically have to do with

the primary sector (mining).

1 CNAE 2009: the National Classification of Economic Activities allows production units to be classified and grouped by economic activity in a standardised manner.

2 Companies in the Valencia Metropolitan region with turnover of more than 41 million in 2011 according to registry data.

CNAE DescriptionNet

turnover

Net Turnover %

47 Retail(excluding vehicles) 19,926 28.56%

46 Wholesale(excluding vehicles) 14,031 20.11%

29 Vehicle manufacturing 5,591 8.01%

10 Food industry 3,163 4.53%

41 Construction 1,961 2.81%

52 Storage and transport 1,893 2.71%

45 Vehicle sale and repair 1,708 2.45%

20 Chemical industry 1,454 2.08%

24 Metal working 1,335 1.91%

49 Land transport 1,291 1.85%

22 Manufacture ofrubber and plastic products 1,123 1.61%

43 Specialised construction 1,097 1.57%

11 Manufacture of beverages 1,058 1.52%

25 Manufacture of metal products 911 1.31%

86 Healthcare 806 1.15%

01Crop and animal produc-tion, hunting and related service activities

707 1.01%

17 Paper industry 699 1.00%

35 Energy 649 0.93%

68 Real estate business 606 0.87%

51 Air transport 572 0.82%

13 Textile industry 561 0.80%

OTHERS 8,623 12.36%

Distribution of companies by CNAE code2

Source: Compiled by author | Companies Registry | 2011

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The top 10 companies in the Valencian

economy are also prominent in the

Spanish economy

The Valencian economyis defined by its diverse varietyof businesses

This diversity is also clear to be seen in the

analysis of the 100 largest companies in

Valencia3 by turno-ver, which demonstrates the

importance that Va-lencian companies have in

the national context. Many of them are leaders

in their respective in-dustries. We should point

out that a third of them are among the 1,000

largest companies in Spain in terms of turnover.

In addition to highlighting the economic activities

associated with a CNAE code that have the grea-

test weighting in the economy in terms of turno-

ver, we have identified the most relevant clusters4

in the Valencian economy. That is why we have

not provided a detailed analysis of code 46, the

CNAE code with the second-highest weighting

among the companies analysed since, as they

are wholesalers, there is generally no relationship

between them.

The economic activities with the largest share of

the Valencian economy are retail, food and agri-

culture, the motor industry, logistics and transport,

construction and chemical production.

3 The Ford factory is included even through its registered office is in Alcobendas (Madrid) because it is based in Almussafes (Valencia).

4 A group of interconnected companies, institutions and bodies, which are concentrated around a geographical area, generating powerful synergies.

Position Company CNAE 2009

1 MERCADONA SA 47

2 FORD ESPAÑA3 29

3 CONSUM S COOP V 47

4 ORO DIRECT SALE SL 46

5 ARCELORMITTAL SAGUNTO SL 24

6 AIR NOSTRUM LINEAS AEREAS DEL MEDITERRANEO SA 51

7 MARTINEZ LORIENTE SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 10

8 ANECOOP S COOP 46

9 COMPAÑIA LEVANTINA DE BEBIDAS GASEOSAS, SA 11

10 CENTRO FARMACEUTICO, SL 46

TOP 10 companies in the Valencia metropolitan region


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Bear in mind that this dossier is only intended to

identify economic activities that are representati-

ve of the Valencian economy. It should therefore

not be seen as an exhaustive economic analysis

or a tool for calculating the area’s GDP.

The economic data concerning clusters are the

aggregate figures for the set of companies inclu-

ded in them. This is being used as an indicator of

that activity's economic dynamism.

Since it is impossible to go into detail regarding

each of the existing clusters, in order to cover the

diversity of the Valencian economy we will work

at three different levels. Consolidated strategic

clusters, which stand out as the main aggregate

turnover groupings, emerging clusters with great

future growth potential, and idiosyncratic clusters,

which are relevant as they are activities close to

the heart of our culture and lend great personali-

ty to the area, even though they do not produce

such vast turnover as consolidated industries.

Valencia has a substantial advanced tertiary services sector

Weighting of consolidated strategic industries

Each cluster’s percentage of the aggregate turnover of

the sample of companies that invoice more than 41 mi-

llion, according to registry data from 2011.


Retail

Food and agriculture

Motor industry

Logistics and Transport

Construction

Chemicals

Others

33

In addition to the clusters mentioned above,

Valencia has other major industrial sectors and

a substantial advanced tertiary services sector.

The latter is especially relevant since although it

does not have a particularly large weighting, it

is a key part of the economic ecosystem. Nowa-

days it is not possible to conceive of a developed

economy without advanced tertiary services as,

together with the knowledge network provided

by universities and institutes of technology, they

provide essential added value in terms of innova-

tion and productivity.

Consolidated strategic clusters: •Retail

•Foodandagriculture

•Motorindustry

•Logisticsandtransport

•Construction

•Chemicals

Emerging clusters: •Biotechnologyandhealth.

•ICTandvideogames.

•Renewableenergy.

•Tourism.

Idiosyncratic clusters: •Creativeindustries;themainexamplesaremusicandlasfallas.

» 3INFRASTRUCTURECONNECTIVITY

36


Valencia, a geostrategic position and an essential node in the national and trans-European network

Nowadays, in the Information Age, a concep-

tual change is being brought about regarding

territorial connectivity, which goes beyond tradi-

tional concepts. Space is articulated through an

intercommunication grid that efficiently links di-

fferent areas, the demographic and economic

strengths of which combine to create a powerful

area of contact.

Valencia is at the key point of what the European

Commission calls the Mediterranean Corridor,

a priority route for the trans-European network,

which connects to the Central Corridor and the

Atlantic Corridor branches.

In Spain, Valencia is the node that connects

with the north of the peninsula, sending flows

southward and also, of course, linking with the

centre of the peninsula.

As a logistics hub, Valencia has become key to

cooperation and complementarity with other

areas, especially Madrid, as Valencia is its na-

tural port and exponentially expands its market.

TEN-T. Previsión Corredores (2015-2020)Source: Compiled by author | TEN-T. Corridor forecast (2015-2020)

Valencia

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Valencia

Madrid

Barcelona

Lisbon

Seville

BilbaoCorunna

Palma de

Mallorca

Source | Compiled by author

Valencia is

Madrid’s natural port

38

You can reach half of Spain’s working population in less than 3 hours by land from Valencia

Valencia has excellent and fluid road and rail

connections, which enable cooperation with

other cities, Madrid in particular, with a smooth

flow of passengers and goods.

You can reach almost half of Spain’s working

population by motorway within 3 hours. In the

time it takes to get from Barcelona to Madrid by

road, i.e. 5 hours and 40 minutes, you can reach

more than three quarters of Spain's working po-

pulation from Valencia, or access 7 internatio-

nal airports and 9 major commercial ports.

Isochrone map

Connectivity by road from

Valencia is very extensive. You can

get to Madrid and Barcelona in just

three hours. That means almost 50% of

Spain’s working population.

In the time it takes to go by

road from Barcelona to Madrid

(5 hours 40 minutes), you can reach

36 provincial capitals from Valencia,

covering more than 75% of the coun-

try's total working population, and

reach 9 commercial ports and 7 inter-

national airports.

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90minutes

Madrid - Valencia

Isochrone map - travelling from Valencia by land (road and railway)

3,460 km*of roads

Source: Compiled by author | Spanish Statistics Institute and Google maps | Autumn 2013

* Road network in the Valencia metropolitan region. Source: Ministry of Public Works 2012

40


Valencia has excellentrailway connections for bothpassengers and goods

Valencia also has excellent railway connec-

tions for both passengers and goods. The hi-

gh-speed train (AVE) takes you from the centre

of Valencia to Madrid city centre in just 90

minu-tes. The AVE also connects Valencia

wirh 7 other regional capitals in less than 3

hours and a total of 11 in 4 hours. Valencia and

its metropolitan area have six logistics stations

specially designed for goods transport with

international gauge rai-lway lines.

Valencia’s naturally strategic position has been

strengthened internationally with the approval

of the future Trans-European Transport Network1

map, which prioritises corridors running through

the Iberian Peninsula (Mediterranean Corridor,

Central Corridor, Atlantic Corridor). Valencia is

an essential node in all these routes and it is

integrated within TEN-T (Trans-European

Transport Network).

The promotion and structuring of these corri-

dors, in particular the Mediterranean Corridor,

will improve Valencia’s competitiveness and

connections with the rest of Europe. The Medi-

terranean Corridor has the potential to become

the southern gateway to the European Union for

intercontinental traffic flows, which will produce

vast logistical cost savings for foreign trade.

1 Plan approved by the European Commission (EC) in 2011

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90minutes

Madrid - Valencia

Source: Compiled by author | ADIF and the European Commission | Autumn 2013

Railway connections. Passengers.

High-speed line and journey times from Valencia

1h35

1h002h53

2h05

3h04

3h50

4h02

2h48

Madrid+23m

3h40 Madrid+1h15

Madrid+2h05

Valladolid

Segovia

Huesca

Zaragoza

Gerona

Barcelona

Tarragona

Valencia

Alicante

Toledo

Madrid

Cuenca

AlbaceteCiudad Real

Seville

Cordoba

Malaga

Santiago de Compostela

Corunna

Orense

Lerida

Guadalajara

Castellón de la Plana

Murcia

AlmeríaCadiz

Algeciras

Land connections: rail

High-speed train linesand times from Valencia

Mediterranean Corridor(2015-2020)

Madrid-Valencia high-speed rail connection:

• Trainsruneverydayonworkingdaysandjourneystakenomorethananhourandahalf

• 9directtrainsplusanother5withachangeoftrain(atRequena-UtielandCuenca).

42

Barcelona 14Valencia 10

América

Marsella-Fox 14Génova-La Spezzia

Asia

Valencia's Port provides coverage for

55%of Spain’s GDP

Valencia,the largest Mediterranean portSpain is the EU country which has more

ports among the 125 most important in the

world. Valencia's Port is the 30th and the

largest in the Mediterranean.

Valencia's Port has achieved its dominant

position through extensive intermodality, an

efficient road and rail transport system to

distribute goods carried to and from the

peninsula. The direct area of influence of

Valencia's Port covers a radius of 350 km

covering 55% of Spanish GDP and half of

the country's working population. Valencia's

Port has become an essential platform for

Spain's international trade, in particular for

Reach

243million consumers

Madrid and Zaragoza for which Valencia is

their natural port.

The leadership of Valencia's Port is based on

its geostrategic position. As a western

Mediterranean hub and the closest

commercial port to the Suez-Gibraltar route,

which is one of the main interoceanic

shipping lines between the Ameri-cas and

Asia, it can efficiently distribute goods within a

radius of 2,000 km, reaching 243 million

consumers.

Source: Compiled by author |Valencia's Port|2013

A minimal detour from the Suez-Gibraltar route

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43

Valencia's Port trades with 850 ports in 157

different countries and had the highest goods

traffic figu-res in Spain in 2012, exceeding two

million TEU2, rising to four million when goods in

transit are included. Since 2006, Valencia's Port

Shipments to and from

850ports

Port Authority Domestic/Overseas

Valencia 2,049,124

Barcelona 1,153,973

Bilbao 545,143

Algeciras 338,654

Vigo 166,551

Source: Compiled by author | Ministry of Public Works | 2012

has dominated the flow of loaded and/or

unloaded containers with more than 30% of

national TEU.

2 TEU: twenty-foot equivalent units - a maritime transport measurement

Valencia

Algeciras

Barcelona

BilbaoVigo

Total number of containers (domestic/abroad), not including goods in transit. 2012. Unit: TEU

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A 181

60%of Madrid’s foreing

trade passes through the Port of Valencia

44

The 5th-largest

portin Europe

The 30th-largest port in

the world

Valencia's Porthas expanded its capacity to 68 million tonnes

Valencia has gradually gained market share

and established itself as the largest port in Spain.

Over the last 10 years, the number of containers

loaded and/or unloaded in Valencia has pro-

gressively increased, gaining market share from

Barcelona and Algeciras, whose share has fa-

llen by 20.5% and 86%, respectively.

3

Source: Compiled by author | Valencia's Port | 2013

An extensive network of shipping connections to more than 850 ports all around the world.

45

The largest portin Spain and the Mediterranean

1In 2011, Valencia was fifth in the overall Eu-

ropean ranking in terms of container volume

(TEU). It was only beaten by ports with a strong

industrial heritage which mainly operate in the

North Sea and the Baltic (Rotterdam, Hamburg,

Valencia Antwerp and Bremerhaven). Valencia

stands out as the largest Mediterranean port,

not just at European level but also far ahead of

the TEU traffic of other national ports, such as the

main Mediterranean ports of France, Italy and

Greece, but also in the entire Mediterranean re-

gion, competing with large ports in North Africa

and the Near East, according to data from the

Containerisation International Yearbook 2012.

Valencia's Port has experienced an excellent

growth in passenger traffic. Since 2008, it has

grown 40% in number of total passengers

and 58% in cruise ship passengers, while

other national inbound/outbound ports have

lost market share or have grown more slowly

(Barcelona, Tarragona, Malaga, Almeria and

even the Balearic Islands).

Source: Compiled by author | Ministry of Public Works | 2006-2012

% container traffic (domestic-overseas) out of the national total. Unit: TEU

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46

A trio of airports, Valencia-Madrid-Alicante, serve

one thirdof domestic and international

passengers

3 international airports

2 hours away

Valencia's Airport is one of the closest airports

to the city it serves in terms of time and

distance. Passengers can reach the centre of

Valencia in just 14 minutes from Manises

airport, while the average for such journeys in

other cities is 26.3 minutes.

Valencia’s great connectivity with the rest of the

peninsula, as mentioned above, gives it easy

access not just to traffic from its own airport

(more than 4.5 million passengers and 11,000

tonnes of goods in 2012) but also to flows from

another two large international airports. Ma-

drid and Alicante are less than 2 hours away,

providing access to 45 million passengers and

359,000 tonnes of goods and 9 million passen-

gers and 2,500 tonnes of goods, respectively.

In 2012, the cumulative flows from these three

airports represented 60% of goods traffic and

30% of total national passengers.


Air transport of goods

Valencia + Madrid + AlicanteRest of Spain

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A 185

47

32.11%NationalPassengers

EuropeanPassengers

44.70%

OtherPassengers

23.19%

37.07% NationalPassengers

EuropeanPassengers

64.24%

1.70%

Manises4,734,555passengers

El Altet8,838,849passengers

Barajas45,102,128passengers

2 hours(high-speed train)

1h30 (carretera)

Passenger traffic 2012

15.98%

82.86%

1.16%

OtherPassengers

NationalPassengers

EuropeanPassengers

OtherPassengers

58.6million

passengers

200 destinations

372,700tonnes of goods

The trio formed by Valencia, Madrid and Alican-

te, made possible by their great connectivity

by land, considerably expands the number of

destinations. These three airports totalled more

than 58 million passengers in 2012, 86% of which

were on international flights. No other Spanish

city can beat this level of connectivity by air and

intermodality. You can currently fly to 200 diffe-

rent direct destinations from Valencia using three

different international airports.

Source: Compiled by author | AENA |2012

Passenger traffic

A 185

48

Valencia belongs to the Spanish Smart Cities

Network

Valencia, a pioneer in the use of new technologies in different aspects of urban management

Valencia is a forerunner of the smart city mo-

del in Spain. Making the city more efficient and

sustainable, more human and habitable, by

using new technologies, incorporating smart

processes into available services and resour-

ces, is one of Valencia’s aims.

Valencia is promoting the use of technology

to connect the city and make it possible to ex-

change information in real time.

Our city is a model and benchmark for elec-

tronic management, digitisation, modernisa-

City-wide

200MB/Sfibre optic

internet

tion, integration and interoperability. Valencia

belongs to the Spanish Smart Cities Network and

heads the working group on electronic adminis-

tration and enterprise projects. It is also actively

involved in the social innovation, urban mobility

and environment, infrastructure and urban habi-

tability groups.

The Geographic Information System (GIS), a

landmark project for our city, enables interope-

rability between different departments, offering

49

services through smartphones with smart and

integrated management systems for traffic, pu-

blic transport, water (300,000 m3 reused daily)

and security, etc. These are examples of our vo-

cation to be an advanced city living in the 21st

century.

Intermodality also affects telecommunications

since one of the tasks of the Railway Infrastruc-

ture Management Company (ADIF) is to be the

neutral supplier and integrated manager of lea-

ding telecommunication infrastructure for the

Spanish market.

ADIF manages a fibre-optic network 16,000 ki-

lometres long, spread all along the railways,

which links the main Spanish capitals, covering

the whole of peninsular Spain and connecting

with France and Portugal. In addition to using

its fibre-optic network to support the railway bu-

siness, it offers a service to various operators in

the Spanish telecom industry, collaborating with

overall technological development.

ONO, a telecom company, provides fibre optic

internet (200Mb/s, soon rising to 500) throughout

the city of Valencia, which is accessible direct

from people’s homes.

In addition, thanks to the agreement between

4Gmobile

telephony

two major mobile telephone operators and a

490 million investment (by Telefónica-Movistar

and Yoigo), Valencia has 4G technology, which

will be fully operational in 2014.

» 4COSTSVERY COMPETITIVE

52 1 The regional data published by the Spanish Statistics Institute has been taken as a reference since the figures for autono-mous communities are representative of those for their respective capital cities due to their demographic weighting in the autonomous community as a whole.

Electricity and gas costs are

3-10%lower than in

Europe

Labour costs in Spainare among the most competitivein the OECDThe Organisation for Economic Cooperation and

Development (OECD) places Spain alongside

Ireland, Greece and Sweden as one of the most

competitive economies in terms of unit labour

costs. In 2011, this index, which is a quotient of

total labour costs and actual production, gave

Spain a 2.6-point competitive advantage over

the European average and 3.3 points over OECD

countries as a whole. Analysis of average annual

pay also shows that, according to OECD statistics,

Spain’s $37,583 per annum (427,227.76) is below

the average.

Spain’s strength in terms of labour costs is more

noticeable in Valencia than in other parts of

Spain as it has lower salaries1, 15% lower than Bar-

celona and 21% lower than Madrid on average.

For qualified positions, depending on the posi-

tion's features and the economic sector, differen-

ces can extend to as much as 40%, according to

the Labour Market Guide published by Hays, a

consulting firm. However, this is not an obstacle

to attract and retain talent because the purcha-

Salariesin Valencia,

are up to

40%lower

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53

Valencia has lower house prices than Madrid and Barcelona

sing power of people who work in Valencia is

higher than in Madrid and Barcelona. The pay

difference is offset by the price of housing (the

largest expense in the household budget), which

is considerably cheaper in Valencia than in Ma-

drid and Barcelona. According to data from the

property website Idealista, in September 2013, the

average rent in Madrid and Barcelona was 70%

higher than in Valencia, stretching to almost 90%

for home purchases.

In addition, Spain has moderate operating costs,

which are lower than the European average for

the supply of industrial energy, particularly indus-

trial gas and telecommunications2.

Spain isthe third most

competitive economy in the world in terms of

unit labour costs

3

2 Source: Eurostat

Specifically speaking, the cost companies pay

for electricity and natural gas, including taxes, is

3%-10% lower than the European average.

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A 190

A 191

54


Offices are

40% to 90%cheaper than

in Madrid and Barcelona

Industrial land in Valencia ischeaper than in Madridand BarcelonaSpain also offers highly competitive prices for

offices and industrial units compared to neigh-

bouring countries. According to the ranking of

business rents by Cushman & Wakefield, the most

expensive cities in the world are Hong Kong, Lon-

don, Rio de Janeiro, Moscow and Paris. The only

Spanish city in the list, far behind the rest, is Ma-

drid.

Setting up an office in Valencia, the third-largest

city in Spain, can save around 40% compared

with Barcelona and almost 90% compared with

Madrid, according to CBRE Real Estate data.

While prime rent in Valencia is 413/m2/

month, in Madrid and Barcelona it rises to

424.50 and 417.75/m2/month, respectively.

Valencia currently has 630,000 m2 of office

space and a 27% availability rate. In addition

to competitive property prices, Valencia has

an additional advantage in those travel

costs, as time and money are low due to the size

of the city.

Compiled by author | BNP Paribas Real Estate-Research |2012

Prices of prime logistics land

4/m2/month

Valencia: 2.75-3.75/m2/month

Madrid: 4.5- 5/m2/month

Barcelona: 4-5.5/m2/month

55

1 City Center

2 Alameda Aragón

3 NBA

4 Business Parks

5 Other Areas

CBRE REAL ESTATE S.A.| page 5

4

4

3

3

3

3

4

5

5

1

2

50%average saving on the

rent of premises in a prime area compared

with Madrid and Barcelona

Unlike the rest of the cities and metropolitan areas in the western Mediterranean, which are located on land with

steep relief and have limited room for expansion, Valencia has an enviable expanse of land available and a lar-

ge number of well-established industrial estates near the capital city. Valencia is in the middle of a very extensive

coastal plain and the lie of the land provides great flexibility for carrying out any project, even if it requires a great

deal of land.

According to data from BNP Paribas Real Estate-Research, Valencia and its metropolitan area had 1,338,000 m2 of

logistics land with an availability rate of 11.3% in 2012. In spite of the strong growth in this market, which has rea-

ched historic highs, the average monthly rent for industrial and logistics premises in Valencia and its metropolitan

area is 42.5/m2/month. Prices are very competitive compared with Madrid or Barcelona where they are more

than 43/m2/month. Prime rents in Valencia are under 44/m2/month, and are considerably cheaper than in Ma-

drid and Barcelona with an average cost saving of around 50% compared with those cities.

AREAS RENT 4/m2/month (1) TIME (2)

1 7-11 5 minutes

2 8-13 7 minutes

3 9-13 10-15 minutes

4 6-8 20 minutes

5 5-7 15 minutes

(1) Minimum and maximum rent levels(2) Average time to travel by car from the centre

of the city (Plaza del Ayuntamiento) to the stated areas

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56

Spain's labour market is becoming more flexible

Barometer of the Business Climate in Spain from the Foreign Investor's Perspective. 2012 results of the survey of 250 foreign companies conducted by

IESE Business School.

3 Source: Eurostat

Do you think that the changes to the collective bargaining system are positive?

62% took

a positive view of

the reforms

Spanish employment law, which applies to Valencia, is

in line with international treaties and European Union

rules, safeguarding workers' rights and employment

conditions. The minimum wage3 set for 2013 is 4753 per

month, which is within the average range compared

with neighbouring countries.

So as to make the Spanish economy more

competitive, at the beginning of 2012, the government

took some measures including a reform of the labour

market in order to make it more flexible.

A 194

57

Barometer of the Business Climate in Spain from the Foreign Investor's Perspective. 2012 results of the survey of 250 foreign companies conducted by

IESE Business School.

Do you think the labour reforms passed in Spain are positive in terms of making the hiring system more flexible?

72% said

that the reforms

do provide more

flexibility

Minimum wage in Spain

753

According to a survey of 250 foreign companies con-

ducted by IESE Business School4 , 72% of those surveyed

were satisfied with the reforms and thought the proposed

objectives were being achieved.

4 Barometer of the Business Climate in Spain from the Foreign Investor's Perspective. Results 2012

58

Low tax burden

7points lower than

the European average

Spain enjoys a low tax burden and incentives for investing in R&D

Compared with such authorities in neighbouring

countries, the Spanish Inland Revenue Service is

committed to modernisation and is enabling a

large number of procedures to be carried out

electronically. These include filing tax returns and

providing taxpayers with computer programs to

help them draw up declarations. There are three

levels of taxation in Spain, national, regional and

local. National taxes (including those managed

and collected by the regional and local authori-

ties) are the most relevant.

Valencia benefits from the modern and competi-

tive Spanish tax system with a tax burden5, measu-

red in terms of taxes and social security contribu-

tions as a percentage of total GDP, which is seven

points below the average for EU-27 countries.

With tax amounting to 31.4% of GDP, Spain is 21st

in the European ranking with a tax burden similar

to Ireland and Greece. Spain also has 99 double

tax treaties6 signed with different countries repre-

senting 95% of global GDP.

5 Source: European Commission. Total tax (including Social Security) as a percentage of GDP in 2011. Compared with the weighted average for EU-27 countries6 Source: Ministry of the Treasury and Public Administration. http://www.minhap.gob.es

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59

RDI7 enjoys a more favourable tax treatment

in Spain than in other OECD countries. It is in

third place behind Portugal and France thanks

to the wide range of tax incentives and grants

available. A new law8 has recently been

passed, which includes measures to boost

the Spanish eco-nomy and promote

investment by small and medium-sized

enterprises. In addition, as the country belongs

99double tax

treaties

Tax rate First 4300,000 Rest

General rate 30% 30%

Turnover< 10 million euros

25% 30%

Turnover< 5 millioneuros

20% 25%

Start-ups 15% 20%

to the European Union, companies in

Valencia can also apply for attractive European

grants to promote investment in research and de-

velopment.

7 Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 20138 The Entrepreneur and International Expansion Support Act 14/2013 (Ley 14/2013 de apoyo a los emprendedores y a la interna-

cionalización)

Corporation Tax in Spain

3rdplace for tax

incentivesfor R&D in the

OECD

Source: Compiled by author | Versis |2013

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» 5POLITICAL, LEGAL, REGULATORY, ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIAL

STABILITY

62


Valencia is in one of the most stable European Union countries in legal, political and social terms

Our country has legal stability and security ari-

sing from the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and all

of the developing legislation, which is compati-

ble with the entire European legal system it is part

of. Political and social dialogue has encouraged

consensus and helped overcome legitimate di-

sagreements, whether ideological or those that

In addition to other regional indicators that measure strictly economic aspects of great interest to investors, when

choosing a geographical location as a base for production sites, there are other aspects that can ensure a high

degree of confidence and are just as if not more important.

arise from the diversity of our regions, for the

common good. Spain’s transition to democracy

has acted as a model for other countries. We are

proud to blend our differences in harmony with

social peace and institutional stability.

63

The city of Valencia is different due to its social openness, tolerance and stable political framework

The city of Valencia, the third-largest regional ca-

pital in Spain in demographic terms, has develo-

ped a fundamental cultural feature throughout its

history. As a place of contact and trade between

civilisations, our city has been built on accepting

difference and has developed the spirit of tole-

rance and openness for which it is known.

The city of Valencia stands out for its social open-

ness, its stable political framework with a good

institutional relationship with the various levels of

government, national, regional and local, and

good collaboration between public and private

agents, and no nationalist tensions unlike some

other parts of the country. This all provides a calm

social and political climate where any kind of

economic activity can be engaged in.

A socially calm climate, suitable for engaging in any economic activity

64

Valencia has a rate of social conflict below the Spanish national average

One of the indicators of social conflict in an area

is the number of demonstrations and the people

who take part in them, exercising their lawful right

to express dissent concerning political, employ-

ment or other matters.

The economic crisis, both internationally and in

Europe and specifically in Spain, has resulted

in an increase in demonstrations nationwide.

The most common theme in 2012 was peaceful

opposition to political and legislative measures.

Valencia has a rate of social conflict below the

Spanish national average (0.9), close to 0.7 de-

monstrators per 1,000 inhabitants in the metropo-

litan region (Valencia and all municipalities in its

metropolitan region).

The climate of social peace in an area is tradi-

tionally gauged in terms of how often the right to

strike is exercised in a particular period.

The political and legislative measures adopted

The number of strikes in

Valencia fell by 4% and the number of workers involved decreased by

29% (between 2011 and 2012)


A 201

65

Valencia has a lower rate of labour disputes and greater social peace than other parts of the country

concerning employment in Spain, which are ai-

med at alleviating the effects of the economic

crisis and its consequences, by making the la-

bour market more flexible, have led to a general

increase in employment-related disputes in our

country.

According to data from the Ministry of Employ-

ment and Social Security, between 2011 and 2012

there was a 13% increase in the number of strikes

in Spain and a 45.9% rise in the number of partici-

pants during that period.

Metropolitanregion Rate of labour disputes

No. of strikesx 10,000 employed

persons

Average no. ofparticipants per strike

Monthly averageno. of strikes

Barcelona 14.98 0.59 254 10

Madrid 36.85 0.40 927 9

Valencia 5.29 0.50 106 4

Spain 18.74 0.51 369 73

Rate of labour disputes: number of participants in strikes in the area analysed per 1,000 employed persons. Data for the country as a whole and metropolitan regions.

Source: Compiled by author | Ministry of Employment and Social Security, Ministry of the Interior and the Spanish Statistics Institute | YEAR: 2012

0.7demonstrations

per 1,000 inhabitants in the Valencia

metropolitan region

In spite of these national figures, Valencia has

steered clear of that trend. During the same time

period, the number of strikes in Valencia fell by 4%

and the number of workers taking part in them

decreased by 29%. The total number of working

days lost to strikes was 23% lower than the pre-

vious year. The difference between the number

of strikers per 1,000 workers is considerable in

Valencia when compared with other areas of the

country, just 5 participants per 1,000 workers com-

pared with three times that for Spain as a whole.

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66

Spain is a country with a very low crime rate

The increase in Spain's population between 2007

and 2012, a rise of approximately 2,000,000 peo-

ple, did not result in an increase in crime. In spi-

te of population growth, the number of criminal

offences fell slightly overall (-0.7% from 2011 to

2012).

In 2012, the total number of crimes and other

offences, reported to the national and regional

police forces (the Basque Country, Catalonia

and Navarre have their own police forces) was

2,268,867 for the country as a whole, according

to Ministry of the Interior data.

Metropolitanregion Rate of crimes against the person Change 2011-2012

Madrid 7 - 4.1%

Barcelona 4 - 1.8%

Valencia 6 - 4.8%

Spain 6 - 4.7%

Rate of crimes against the person: number of recorded crimes and offences against the per-son per 1,000 inhabitants. Data for the country as a whole and metropolitan regions.

Compiled by author | Source: Ministry of the Interior and Spanish Statistics Institute | YEAR: 2012


A 202

67

Of the three main metropolitan regions in the country, in demographic terms, Valencia is the one that has managed to lower the rate of crimes against the person

The number of recorded crimes and offences against the person fell by 4.7% in Spain from 2011 to 2012.

Valencia is around the national average with a rate of offences against the person of 6 per 1,000 inhabitants,

below the rate for the country's capital.

The rate of crimes against the person fell

4.8%in Valencia

(from 2011 to 2012)

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68

In Spain, social protectionis provided through the PublicSocial Security System

In Spain, social protection, the mechanism whe-

reby the State provides for people in need, is pro-

vided by the Social Security system. There are two

parts to the system: contributory (general and

special systems) and non-contributory.

The different levels of government thus provide as-

sistance through a set of benefits payable to the

public for certain contingencies and in certain si-

tuations, ensuring social peace through a system

of mixed funding.

Which system people are covered by depends

on the nature, conditions and characteristics of

the work they perform in Spain. As a rule, unless

any of the special systems apply, an employer

and his/her workers come under the general

system. This is funded through a mixed system of

employer’s and employee’s contributions, which

are classified in a series of employment catego-

ries to determine how much they have to pay for

Social Security. Each category has maximum and

minimum bases, which are generally revised each

year. Workers whose total contributions exceed the

maximum base, or that do not reach the minimum,

have their contributions adjusted in accordance

with their professional category. In 2013, the maxi-

mum contribution base was 43,425.70 per month.

Spain has signed bilateral social security agree-

ments in other countries in order to regulate the

effects that contributions paid in other States’ social

security systems have on Spanish benefits. These

specify the State where contributions are to be

paid in the event of temporary or permanent pos-

ting abroad.

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69

IP rights are some of companies’most important assets

This protection is backed by Spain’s ratification

of the main international and European conven-

tions regarding this field.

Apart from rare exceptions, the registration prin-

ciple applies in Spain. That means that people

have no rights over an invention or distinctive sign

unless it has been previously registered. Unlike the

United States, for example, the first to file system

applies in Spain: priority rights are held by the

first person to file. In other words, except for we-

ll-known marks, use alone gives you no rights in

relation to third parties.

The registrationsystem that

applies in Spainis

first to file

In the registration system referred to above, the

territorial principle applies. That means that

protection is only obtained in countries in which

the mark or patent is registered. In principle they

could be freely used by third parties in the rest.

Consequently, registering the mark or patent in

your country of origin does not automatically

grant protection in other countries so it is neces-

sary to ensure you are protected there by regis-

tering them.

Spain ensures that the IP of those who are not Spanish is protected and that Spaniards have the same protection

in most other countries.

A 205

70

Environmentalprotection and conservationis one of the Spanish authorities'

objectives

Environmental regulations in Spain and the Valen-

cian Community are governed by national and

European rules, which establish environmental

rights and duties. These focus on prevention, con-

servation and improvement of the environment

based on the principle of environmental responsi-

bility, which requieres operators to prevent, avoid

and repair environmental damage caused in

accordance with that stipulated in the Spanish

Constitution of 1978 and the prevention principle.

Environmental authorisation is required in order to

engage in activities covered by this legislation. This

is obtained through a one-stop-shop procedure.

There is a Facilities Register for the Valencian Com-

munity, regulated by Valencian Decree 127/2006

(Decreto 127/2006, de 15 de septiembre, del Con-

sell de la Comunidad Valenciana), developing the

Valencian Pollution Prevention and Environmental

Quality Act (Ley 2/2006, de 5 de mayo, de la Ge-

neralitat, de Prevención de la Contaminación y

Calidad Ambiental).

71


There is an exhaustive list of activities to which the regulations on comprehensive control of pollution apply. There

are 11 different categories.

Categories

1. Combustion facilities

2. Production and processing of metals

3. Mineral industry

4. Chemical industry

5. Waste management

6. Paper and cardboard industry

7. Textile industry

8. Leather industry

9. Food and agriculture industry and farming

10. Consumption of organic solvents

11. Carbon industry

Source: Valencian Government Department of Infrastructure, Territory and the Environment.For more information see: http://www.cma.gva.es

» 6TALENTAND INNOVATION

74

Valencia, city of knowledge: 334 degrees, 871 postgraduate qualifications, 380 Ph.D programmes

The city’s prestigious educational facilities, in par-

ticular its universities, act as an economic magnet

that helps the city attract and retain the talent that

is essential for healthy economic development.

Valencia is a city with two public universities (plus

an official nursing school) and five private univer-

sities. The National Distance Education University

(UNED) is also based there. The city is able to offer

many different qualifications awarded by official

bodies and the universities themselves, including

a total of 334 degree courses, 380 Ph.D program-

mes and 871 postgraduate qualifications.

Valencia’s international prominence makes the

city’s universities especially attractive to foreign

students: in the academic year 2011-12, public

universities hosted 3,206 Erasmus students.

According to the European ranking of Erasmus

Programme universities, the University of Valencia

(UV) is the European and Spanish university that

receives the fourth-highest number of Erasmus

students; and the Polytechnic University of Valen-

cia (UPV) receives the seventh-highest number in

Europe and the fifth-highest in Spain. Add them

together and Valencia is the Spanish city that

hosted the second-highest number of Erasmus

students during that period.

Valencia is the Spanish city that hosts the

second-highest number of Erasmus students

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75

The city’s two main universities, the University of

Valencia (UV) and the Polytechnic University of

Valencia (UPV), are in the Top 500 of the Shan-

ghai Ranking 2013 or ARWU (Academic Ranking

of World Universities) and in the Top 200 by field.

In the overall table, the UPV comes in 341st place,

just behind 4 Spanish universities, and the UV is

in 391st place, the sixth-highest Spanish university.

Both universities are among the top 200 in the

world in the ranking by general fields (ARWU-

Field): The UPV is 167th in Engineering, Technolo-

gy and Computer Sciences (ENG) and the UV is

143rd in the field of Natural Sciences and Mathe-

matics (SCI). As far as more specific fields of study

are concerned, the UV is among the top 100 in

Physics (97th) and in the top 200 in Chemistry

(145th) and Economics (194th). Meanwhile, the

UPV is among the top 100 in the world in Chemis-

try and in the Top 200 in Mathematics (118th) and

Computer Science (175).

UPV, the top Spanish university for

technological R&D

The U-Ranking project (an initiative by the BBVA

Foundation and the Valencian Institute of Econo-

mic Research) establishes the Synthetic Indica-

tors for the Spanish University System (ISSUE). In

its 2013 ranking it placed the UV and the UPV 3rd

and 5th in Spain based on the overall volume of

results and 5th and 9th for their research work. It

also ranked the UPV number 1 for Innovation and

Technological Development.

The UV and UPV are in the Top 500 overall and the Top 200 by field in the Shanghai Ranking

1

A 207

76

In the last 9 years, the staff/student ratio has improved by 24%

Valencia beats the national and European average for the proportion of the population with a university degree

There has been no substantial change in the total

number of university students in recent years. The

figure for the academic year 2011-12 is 98,254,

which is a ratio of 123 university students per 1,000

inhabitants.

Valencian universities as a whole are employing

more staff every year: during the same acade-

mic year the figure was 8,717 members of aca-

Over the years, this extensive range of educatio-

nal opportunities offered by Valencia has given

the city a workforce with a high level of acade-

mic training. Since 2001, a quarter of Valencia’s

labour force population has been highly-quali-

demic staff (962 were professors). The ratio of staff

per 1,000 students has substantially improved in

recent years. In 2004, there were 67 members of

academic staff per 1,000 students in Valencia. In

2009, there were 79; and in 2012, there were 89

academic staff members per 1,000 students, i.e.

a 14% increase in the last 4 years and 24% in the

last 9.

fied. 24% of the municipality’s inhabitants hold a

higher education qualification (vocational trai-

ning, 3-year or 5-year undergraduate degree or

Ph.D).

77

This figure is above average for both Spain (15.5%)

and Europe (22.8%), according to Eurostat data.

Generally speaking, educational data for the Va-

lencian population show that, in 2001, its popula-

25%of the Valencian

population holds a higher education

qualification

tion was better qualified than the Spanish avera-

ge, not just in terms of higher education but also

lower illiteracy rates and the proportion of people

with no qualifications.

Source: Compiled by author, Spanish Statistics Institute data, 2001

Population with a higher education qualification (members of households aged 10 and over)

123university students per

1,000 inhabitants

78

REDIT’s institutes of technologyare the main R&D partnersfor Valencian companies

Promotion of RDIInnovative RDI policies have been strongly su-

pported by the Valencian Community as a

driving force behind its economy and a funda-

mental tool enabling companies to improve their

productivity.

This support has come in the form of setting up

institutes of technology, scientific research cen-

tres, its own research centres and promoting re-

search and innovation projects with RDI results

9%higher productivityin companies that

partner with REDIT’s institutes of

technology

Source: REDIT 2012 Report

that answer companies' concerns and operatio-

nal and commercial needs.

In fact, some of the top 100 companies in R&D

investment worldwide (Top 100 Global Innova-

tors, 2013; Thomson Reuters), such as Ford and

Saint-Gobain, have been able to find answers

to their concerns through the extensive research

opportunities offered by Valencia.

54%R&D

PROJECTS

22%INNOVATION

PROJECTS

3.3%OTHERS

16.7%LABORATORY

TRIALS

4%TRAINING

Income sources for institutes of technology

79

Companies that work with REDIT’s institutes of technology export 17% more

Through its member institutes of technology, REDIT

(Network of Institutes of Technology in Valencian

Community) makes a coordinated offer of ad-

vanced technology services and RDI available

to the industrial fabric so that companies based

in the Valencian Community can maximise their

competitiveness and excellence.

According to a recent study by Carlos III Univer-

sity in Madrid, companies who regularly colla-

borate with these institutes of technology have

higher productivity (9% more than companies

that do not cooperate with outside organisations

on innovation). They also carry out more internal

R&D, file more patents and their exports to coun-

tries outside of the EU are worth 17% more.

In 2012, REDIT had 1,540 professionals, 12,248 cus-

tomers, 5,961 partners and 854 RDI projects. Since

most of these institutes are in Valencia or in the

immediately surrounding metropolitan area, the-

se figures can be taken as representative of the

capital city, in particular those concerning esta-

854RDI

projects

blished and more traditional sectors of Valencian

industry, as well as new technologies.

Source: REDIT 2012 Report

Location of Institutes of Technology.A 208

80


REDIT’s institutes of technology receive an average of 79 million per year from Spanish and European funds

1 The main network of technology centres received 66.2% of its income from public funding in 2011.2 88.7% of their more than $1,500 million of RDI came from public sources.

The report by Carlos III University also showed that

the Valencian institute of technology model is a

glowing example of public-private partnership

(in 2012, 53% of income came from the private

sector and 47% from competitive public funds).

These figures beat other outstanding models such

as Germany1 and the prestigious Massachusetts

Institute of Technology (MIT)2.

REDIT institutes of technology have been very

proactive in different programmes at European

level. The institutes have actively taken part in the

EU’s Seventh Framework Programme for Research

and Technological Development with several

collaborative projects in various related fields,

mainly nanotechnology, materials, processes,

biotechnology and food and agriculture.

REDIT calculates that for each euro of regional

financing, institutes of technology contribute to

attracting E2.2 of Spanish and European funding

to the Valencian Community. Between 2009 and

2012, they received more than E79 million from

Spanish and European programmes.

1540professionals work at Valencian institutes of

technology

81

Valencian universities are very active in RDI work

Another initiative related to promoting RDI is the

Network of Valencian Universities for the Promo-

tion of Research, Development and Innovation

(RUVID), which has set up a collaboration agree-

ment between the 5 public universities (2 from Va-

lencia) and the two private Valencian universities

(CEU Cardenal Herrera University and the Catho-

lic University of Valencia).

The aim is to promote scientific research, tech-

nological development and innovation in all

knowledge areas so as to contribute to develo-

ping the network of knowledge available to com-

panies.

According to the OTRI network’s ICT survey 2011,

the University of Valencia is the Spanish Universi-

ty that has raised the highest amount of funding

to purchase and maintain scientific equipment,

as well as grants for research staff.

Meanwhile, the Polytechnic University of Valen-

cia is one of the Spanish universities that signed

the most licensing agreements in 2011, and the

top Spanish university for licensing income.

One should not overlook the important role

played by VLC/CAMPUS. This is a joint propo-

sal by the UV, the UPV and the Spanish National

Research Council (CSIC) to set up a Campus of

International Excellence in the Valencia metro-

politan area by specialising their scientific and

technological production and encouraging the

attraction and retention of talent.

VLC/CAMPUS is made up of 32 teaching centres,

63 research institutes, 135 departments, 46 libra-

ries and learning resource centres, two science

parks and the entire array of services provided by

the three institutions to support their work. Valen-

cia has 1,123,951 m2 of facilities used to promote

knowledge and scientific research.

A 211

A 208

82

In 2011, Valencian Universities earned > 5 million from services and > 400,000 from licences

fifth-best position among Spanish universities for

the fourth consecutive year, while the UPV is ninth.

Moreover, various international rankings that as-

sess the quality of universities' scientific research

put CEU Cardenal Herrera University at the head

of the 23 Spanish private universities. In these stu-

dies, the CEU-UCH, which had 62 research groups

in 2013, is always among the top four private uni-

versities for research.

Every day, VLC/CAMPUS classrooms and lecture

halls serve 79,485 degree students, 7,345 master’s

degree students and 5,257 Ph.D students. 5,800 of

these are on international exchange program-

mes. These students have the most complete

degree, masters degree and Ph.D educational

opportunities available in a top-quality setting.

10,413 people work at these facilities: 6,201 tea-

ching and research staff and 4,212 administration

and service personnel.

This Campus of Excellence is clearly devoted to

carrying out R&D, as can be seen by the growth in

its budgets, which are increasingly dedicated to

scientific and technological improvements.

In addition to the outstanding positions the UV

and UPV have in the Shanghai Ranking, the SIR

World Report 2012 (which assesses scientific re-

search institutions) stated that the UV has held the

83

Health research institutes and centres have thrust Valencia onto the international stage in biomedicine

The Prince Felipe Research Centre (CIPF), which

focuses on biomedical research, promotes the

use of its results in public health or through pa-

tents or exploitable results. It currently has a staff

of 28 researchers working on 20 projects. It has

developed 9 patents and has promoted the set-

ting up of 3 spin-offs in the field of Biotechnology

and Health Innovation.

Moreover, the Centre for Public Health Research

(CSISP) carries out research to provide scientific

support for public policies concerning communi-

ty health with 109 projects and 249 employees in

447 healthcare research

projects

2012, which enabled it to self-fund almost 50% of

its costs. It collaborates on international projects

such as the European Surveillance of Congeni-

tal Anomalies (EUROCAT) and ENSURE (Enabling

kNowledge Sustainability Usability and Recovery

for Economic value).

Valencia also has major healthcare research ins-

titutes: INCLIVA, which is linked to Hospital Clí-

nico de Valencia, a public hospital, and IIS La

Fe (La Fe Healthcare Research Institute). They are

conducting a total of 318 projects and more than

600 trials.

R&D

Source: Compiled by author: the centres’ websites and reports from 2012

Healthcare

research

centres and

institutes

A 209

84

High rate of application of the universities’ research results

lable to companies and institutions so it can be

offered and transferred locally, thus contributing

to strengthening the business innovation system:

businesses can incorporate the technologies de-

veloped and R&D capabilities (knowledge or

techniques that can be used to carry out particu-

lar work or provide a service), as well as patents,

computer programs, know-how, etc.

In addition to their traditional teaching and re-

search roles, in recent decades universities have

started to play a new role: knowledge transfer

through various channels such as R&D contracts,

consulting and technical reports as well as others,

such as patent licensing4 on which special em-

phasis has been placed for several years now.

It is essential to take advantage of research ca-

rried out in universities to meet the real needs of

business and contribute to the necessary transfor-

mation of industry into a new model based on

creating value from the knowledge created by

the results of research of excellence.

The results of Valencian universities' research work

have applications in a wide range of industrial

and social sectors, especially in the food and

agriculture industry, biomedicine and ICT.

Information of interest concerning the universities'

scientific and technological capabilities is avai- Source: Compiled by author UV and UPV 2013

4 The boom in patents invented by universities in developed countries has provided a good source of increased and diversified funding for universities.

85

The Patent Bank has opened with 200,000 and 40 projects

In 2013, the two Valencian public universities, UV

and UPV, have made a total of 1,036 R&D faci-

lities and 416 patents available to industry and

society, as well as 80 computer programs pro-

vided by the UPV. These have promoted a new

transfer model adapted to developments in so-

ciety and the market and the greater commer-

cial potential of university innovation.

The Patent Bank has begun to work with a

E200,000 budget and a selection of 40 projects,

including more than 340 patents that can be

used by businesses, which are currently held by

the five Valencian public universities.

Transferable knowledge offered by UPV and UV by knowledge area

R&Dfacilities Patents

Food and agriculture andfood technology 155 57

Biomedicine andBiotechnology 119 65

Technical Engineering 250 133

Chemicals 87 84

ICT 197 50

Others* 228 27

Total 1,036 416

*Mathematics, Socioeconomic Sciences, Humanities

Source: Compiled by author UV and UPV 2013

» 7VOCATIONAND AN INTERNATIONAL PROFILE

A CITY WITH A

88


Spanish

is the 2nd most spoken language

in the world

A city with a vocation and an international profile

International sporting events

In recent decades, Valencia has achieved a set

of milestones and carried out direct and indirect

promotional work giving it an unprecedented

profile on the international scene. This is the result

of strategic planning, exhaustive recovery and re-

Valencia has made a name for itself internationa-

lly in many different fields. One of those is sport.

Valencia has posted major events such as the

Formula 1 European Grand Prix, the 32nd and

33rd America’s Cup, the World Indoor Cham-

pionships in Athletics in 2008, the IMS Sailing

World Championship, the Global Champions

Tour equestrian competition on several occa-

sions, the MotoGP Grand Prix, the Tennis Open

500, etc., and in 2011 was named European Ca-

pital of Sport.

These sporting events, which create vast media

coverage, together with local teams' participa-

tion in international competitions (football, bas-

ketball and handball, etc.), have helped put

Valencia on the international scene as a major

metropolis for sport.

In 2013, Valencia was the centre of European mu-

nicipal sport at the first “Sports we can” event

organised by the Associations of the European

Capitals and Cities of Sport (ACES) supported

and funded by the European Commission.

vitalisation of our historical and natural heritage,

and our commitment to building new infrastructu-

re for tourism, culture and leisure.

89

European Capital of

Sport 2011

International cultural and social events

The city’s unique character, together with the de-

velopment of suitable facilities and infrastructure,

has made Valencia a fashionable internatio-

nal stage for major sporting, cultural and social

events and conferences.

Valencia has hosted cultural and social events

with an international audience. Examples include

the Fifth World Meeting of Families, MTV Winter,

the 37th Japan Week and various international

film festivals such as La Cabina International Me-

dium-Length Film Festival, the Valencia Festival of

Mediterranean Cinema and the Cinema Jove In-

ternational Film Festival.

Valencia also has international-quality music and

exhibition venues, such as Palau de les Arts Reina

Sofía and Palau de la Música, which have sta-

ged operas and concerts by maestros as presti-

gious as Zubin Mehta, Lorin Maazel, Plácido Do-

mingo and Ricardo Chailly.

Valencian paella is an international gastronomic icon

90

Spain, the 3rd country in the world for international

congresses

Prestigious international brands choose Valencia as the stage for filming and product launches

Prestigious international brands such as Sony,

Nikon, IBM, Mercedes McLaren, BMW, Volkswa-

gen, Christian Dior, Loewe, Jané, Lancaster, Cli-

nique, L’Oreal, Gillete, Bridgestone, Asics, Pu-

llmantur, Telefónica, Vodafone, Allianz Seguros

and many more besides have chosen Valencia

and its various venues, such as the City of Arts and

Sciences, for their product launches or comme-

morative events in recent years.

Valencia has become an exceptional location

for filming commercials and films as the venue for

major events and having innovative architecture

built by prestigious international architects such

as Norman Foster, Santiago Calatrava and David

Chipperfield, as well as its historic sites. The Disney

factory has chosen Valencia as the set for its forth-

coming production, Tomorrowland.

Las Fallas are certainly one of the universal sym-

bols of Valencia. This festival has been declared a

Festival of International Tourist Interest and is lau-

ded by the world’s main tourist guides.

The Jaime I Awards bring a large number of Nobel Prizewinners together in

Valencia

91

Valencia, international meeting point

Valencia hosts many important international congresses and exhibitions of all kinds.

Spain is the 3rd nation in the world ranking and

the 2nd in Europe for holding international con-

gresses and conventions registered with the Inter-

national Congress & Convention Association

(ICCA) in 2012.

Valencia is 44th in that world ranking, 24th in Euro-

pe and 6th among cities that are not national ca-

pital cities in Europe. Congresses held at venues

such as as the Valencia Conference Centre

(2010 Award for World's Best Convention Centre

from the International Association of Congress

Centres), the International Trade Fair, the various

facilities in the City of Arts and Sciences and the

Veles e Vents building, etc. contribute to boosting

our city’s position as an international meeting

point.

Valencia hosts international events that draw to-

gether global leaders and decision-makers in

various fields, such as the UN’s Intergovernmen-

tal Panel on Climate Change, the 57th Inter-

national Aeronautical Congress, Global China

Business Meeting, the 40th International Con-

ference on Coordination Chemistry, the 32nd

Congress of the European Society on Surgical

Oncology, Influenza Vaccines for the World

and the launch of the Trans-European Networ-

ks Plan 2014-2020 and the 5th World Congress

on Sleep Medicine, etc., as well as the Jaime I

Awards which bring a large number of Nobel Pri-

zewinners together in Valencia each year.

Our city has also captured the world’s attention

as the site of the European Space Agency’s High

Power Radio Frequency Laboratory.

Las Fallas, The second-largest festival

in the world according to Pilot Guides’ “Great Festivals of the

World”

2

A 212

A 213

92

3,206Erasmus students

study at the main 2universities

(2011-2012)

It is one of the European cities that attracts the most Erasmus students

International agreements and programmes

Valencian people’s openness and eagerness to collaborate and exchange is reflected in the signing of agree-ments and conventions with other international metropolises.

Spain welcomes more Erasmus students than any

other country in Europe. As in the rest of Spain,

universities in Valencia host a large number of

Erasmus students, who become ambassadors

for our city, making it one of the main European

cities that Erasmus students go to.

There is also the Valencia International Campus

of Excellence, which promotes strategic allian-

ces between universities and other institutions

that are part of the campus in order to create

“knowledge ecosystems” to encourage emplo-

yment, social cohesion and economic develop-

ment in the region.

This programme links together the University of

Valencia, the Polytechnic University and the Spa-

nish National Research Council (CSIC).

Valencia also hosts the Berklee College of Mu-

sic’s only centre outside of the United States.

Valencia is hosting the first American Space in

Spain at the Polytechnic University of Valencia.

This is an initiative by the State Department of the

United States and the United States Embassy in

Spain to promote cultural and educational ex-

changes between the two countries.

A 214

93

Valencia is a model city for best practice

in traffic, transport, strategic planning and

new technologies.

The city of Valencia operates a policy of active

collaboration with other cities on different conti-

nents. They exchange experiences and knowled-

ge about various aspects for the benefit of both

parties.

Valencia has signed agreements with other major

cities such as Guangzhou (China), Dallas (USA),

Stuttgart (Germany), Bologna (Italy), Mainz (Ger-

many), Valencia (Venezuela), Veracruz (Mexico),

Sacramento (USA) and Odessa (Ukraine).

The city of Valencia is also plays a prominent role

in various international city networks: Spanish Ne-

twork of Schools Associated with Unesco, Inter-

national Association of Educating Cities, Cities

for Children, the Biennale des jeunes créateu-

rs de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée, the Ibe-

ro-American Organisation of Inter-Municipal

Cooperation, the Ibero-American Network of

Digital Cities, the European network of cities for

local integration policies for migrants (CLIP)

and United Cities and Local Governments,

which is seen as the UN for cities.

Within a strictly European scope, Valencia takes

part in many different projects: TRANSBIO, to im-

prove the biology and health innovation ecosys-

tem at transnational level; Light2CAT, to improve

air quality so as to depend less on environmental

conditions; SMILE, Smart green Innovative urban

Logistics for Energy Efficient Mediterranean ci-

ties; MY GENERATION AT WORK, to promote coo-

peration between the public and private sectors

and among young people to spur innovation

and create jobs; PUTTING VICTIMS FIRST!, NEP-

CO, VALUESEC and Pol-Primett.

Our city has been studied by other regions that

see it as an example of best practice in various

fields such as strategic and urban planning, sport

promotion, drinking water supply systems, new

technologies applied to sewerage, transport and

traffic management, and urban development,

etc.

94

International media coverage

Our city has featured in international rankings and has been the subject of many media articles that recommend

visiting its attractions, investing in it due to its development potential or using Valencia’s image for their corporate

press kits.

The New York Times, Lonely Planet, Time Out, Swiss

Airlines’ A Bordo, Financial Times, National Geo-

graphic and Eat and Travel published in Hong

Kong… these are just some of the international

media in which Valencia has prominently appea-

red.

TripAdvisor, Trivago, Zoover, etc. are just some of

the internet portals that have contributed to ma-

king Valencia seen as a fashionable city around

the world.

Valencia’s international prominence has led

to its image being used by various public and

private corporations. The international firm Ernst

& Young put the City of Arts and Sciences on the

cover of its 2013 report, Coping with the crisis, the

European way.


95

900reports in the media

(2012)1

1,100million-strong audience

for media coverage (2012)1

There are many different public and private insti-

tutions that, from time to time, rank major interna-

tional cities by categories or values. One notable

example is the Financial Times’ FDI magazine,

which published the “European Cities and Re-

gions of the Future 2012-2013” report in which Va-

lencia achieved outstanding positions.

1 Source: Valencia Tourism Foundation | Year: 20132 Source: Financial Times, FDI Intelligence | Year: 2013

Position in the top 10 cities with the greatest potential in

the south of Europe (FDI)2

place in the top 10 medium-sized cities for human

resources (FDI)2

place in the top 10 cities for strategic promotion of foreign

investment in the south of Europe (FDI)2

5th

4th

4th

» 8QUALITYOF LIFE

98

The city of Valencia has a very balanced size, rich diversity and a growing mix of roles

To a large extent, Valencia benefits from all the

attractive power of large megalopolises without

their disadvantages. It has many of the attrac-

tions of smaller cities in what it has to offer in terms

of culture, commerce, healthcare, infrastructure

and services, as befits its status as Spain's third-lar-

gest city and capital of the Valencian Commu-

nity.

Valencia’s size enables it to cut commuting costs

in terms of time and money compared to larger

cities.

Valencia city centre is just 15-20

minutes from the outskirts

Source: Compiled by author

99


Average annual temperature

18.7ºC(Sept 2012 - Sept 2013)

Out of the Europe’s 50 largest metropolitan areas Valencia has one of the best climates in terms of days of sun and average temperature

There can be no doubt that the climate is one of

the most important factors for the area. These cli-

mate conditions are those nature has blessed us

with; they are virtually unchanging and obviously

fall outside public control.

Valencia’s climate encourages the development

and implementation of advanced service-sector

businesses. It is one of the factors that attracts ta-

lent according to research conducted by Profes-

sor Richard Florida.

2,614hours of sun per year

(Sept 2012 - Sept 2013)

86%sunny days

A 222

100

62bus lines

+ 1 speciallyfor disabled people

3 metrolines and

2 modern trams.

A wide range of public transport in the city and metropolitan area

58 bus lines 6 local train lines 123 km of cycle paths

Valencia has a wide range of intermodal public transport that connects all points inside the city and links the city

with the main populated areas nearby.

2,750 public bicycles, 275 stations and

5,500 parking points

Source: Valencia City Council | Year: 2013

A 216

A 218

A 220

101


Each Valencian carries out an

average

of 2.37 journeyseach day.

Comfortable and sustainable urban and metropolitan mobility

Valencia’s size, Mediterranean climate and flat geography, together with superb intermodal public transport fa-

cilities (bus, metro, bicycle and tram), has given the city a comfortable and sustainable public transport system.

More than half of journeys in the city are carried out on foot or by bicycle (52.9%).

In addition to the city's size, urban quality-of-life

is closely related to various factors including pu-

blic accessibility to various kinds of mobility lin-

king homes and workplaces, public facilities and

everyday shopping, cultural and leisure activities.

Mediterranean cities have patterns of mobility

that differentiate them from countries in north

and central Europe. People walk a lot in Valencia

and use public transport less than in other built-

up areas. The climate and geography, combined

with the city's design and great compactness,

make it possible to carry out short journeys on

foot.

When you compare Valencia and its metropoli-

tan area with other European cities, one thing you

find is that the modes of transport used tend to be

more sustainable. Private motor vehicle use is low

compared with other transport options.

Each day, there are 320,000 outbound journeys from

Valencia and 570,000 into the city

76.4% of journeys within Valencia are carried out in a

sustainable manner

102

75%of beaches

fly theblue flag

Valencia has a sixth of Spain’s warm and sandy urban beaches

The city's quality urban beaches are exceptio-

nal. There are just 40 warm and sandy beaches

in Spain that are more than 500 m2 long and to-

gether they cover an area of 3 million m2. These

beaches make Valencia stand out from other ci-

ties and boost its appeal to tourists.

Approximately 1% of Valencia’s surface area

consists of beaches, that is 1.25 m2 per inhabi-

tant. As far as quality is concerned, 100% of the

beaches are fit for bathing. A range of services is

provided and 40% of the area has been awarded

the Q for quality certificate by the Spanish Tourism

Quality Institute.

Lonely Planet’s Best in Travel 2011 guide selected

Valencia as one of the top 10 destinations with

Top 10 cities with brilliant beaches (Lonely Planet)

Source: City of Valencia Statistical Yearbook, Valencian Department of Infrastructure,

Territory and the Environment | Year: 2013

urban beaches alongside cities such as Miami,

Cape Town and Rio de Janeiro.


A 223

A 224

103

994,100 m2

of beaches.

Source: City of Valencia Statistical Yearbook, Valencian Department of Infrastructure, Territory and the Environment | Year: 2013

El Recatí

La Devesa

La Garrofera

El Saler

L’Arbre del Gos

Pinedo

El CabanyalLa Malvarrosa

Valencian Beaches

104

6.3 m2 of green spacesper inhabitant

>5 million m2

of green spaces

One of the best collections of environmentally valuable urban open spaces in Europe

Valencia enjoys an outstanding environment. The-

re is no other Spanish city, especially among the

large ones, that has such a collection of valuable

open spaces of this size, still less of this variety: the

largest wetland in the Spanish Mediterranean, an

amazing riverside park, two mountainous areas

inland, some of the best quality urban beaches

in Spain and a large park that acts as the city’s

backbone, which is open to the public.

Albufera Natural Park is in Valencia’s municipal

area. The park spreads over a total area of 21,120

hectares, 5,880 of which are in the city of Valen-

cia. That is 43 m2 per inhabitant and means that

43% of the city's total area is classified as a natu-

ral park.

But near Valencia, just 60 minutes away, there are

three other areas with the same classification: Tu-

ria Natural Park, the Calderona Mountains and

Chera-Sot de Chera Natural Park, which together

cover a further 30,000 hectares.

The unique Turia Gardens, the largest city gar-

dens in Spain (110 hectares), deserve special

mention. Few cities in the world enjoy a garden

that forms the city’s backbone and acts as a veri-

table green lung.

The former bed of the River Turia runs through

Valencia giving local residents and visitors alike

many different green spaces they can use all

around the city. There are children’s play areas,

urban furniture, a BMX track, cycle paths, ponds,

fountains and pitches for various sports, etc. Turia

Gardens connect key points together such as va-

rious museums, Palau de Les Arts, Oceanográfic,

Palau de la Música and Bioparc (a next-genera-

tion zoo), etc.


105

43 m2 of Natural Parkper inhabitant

Valencia has more than 5 million square metres of green areas to offer, divided into two main areas that form the

backbone of the city, Turia Gardens and Cabecera Park, which are connected to one another and account for

almost 25% of the city’s green spaces by area.

Two huge green spaces in the city centre and a wide variety of gardens

Natural Parks less than an hour from the centre of Valencia.

Source: Compiled by author

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106

67sites

of cultural interest

2 World HeritageSites

Valencia has important historical and artistic heritage

Valencia's long and fruitful history is the basis of

a rich and varied cultural and artistic heritage.

However, in the 15th century, Valencia was the

most populated and dynamic city held by the

Crown of Aragon. Its prominence is clearly re-

flected in its heritage. There are many public and

private, civic and religious buildings of great size

and importance, which bear witness to its Roman,

Arab and Visigothic past.

The numerous protected cultural sites include two

classified as World Heritage, the Silk Exchange,

one of the buildings most representative of civil

Gothic architecture in Europe, and the Water Tri-

bunal, an intangible cultural heritage asset listed

by UNESCO.

Traditional Valencia harmoniously coexists with

new architectural creations, especially in the City

of Arts and Sciences, which has become one of

the city's icons and houses one of the most inter-

nationally important opera halls, Palau de les Arts

Reina Sofía, where Berklee College of Music is ba-

sed and Palau de la Música de Valencia, which

are symbolic of the city's passion for music as an

art-form.

The city's cultural facilities are rounded off with

around 50 museums, notably including St. Pius V

Museum of Fine Arts, the second-largest art ga-

llery in Spain, the Valencian Institute of Modern

Art and the Valencian Museum of Illustration and

Modernity.

Valencia's historic and artistic heritage comes from the decisive importance the city has had in the Mediterra-

nean context and its significance in the history of Spain.

47 museums

Source: Valencia Tourism Foundation | Year: 2013

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107

4,591restaurants

Valencia abounds in a wide range of shopping options, from large retailers to traditional markets

Shopping is a key factor in the city's economy,

particularly due to its ability to draw visitors on

certain days of the week or times of year, depen-

ding on what consumers are looking for.

As Spain's third largest city and the capital of

the Autonomous Community, Valencia has a

long-standing tradition of shopping, historically

based on local stores, markets and street mar-

kets. These combine with the most modern of

Source: Spanish Economic Yearbook, La Caixa | Year: 2013

retail brands, arcades and shopping centres to

offer superb shopping options.

There is more than 2 million m2 of retail space,

21% of which is grocery, 47% non-grocery and

16% mixed.

2,243,050 m2

of retail space2.8m2 of retail space per

inhabitant

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108

4,596hospital

beds

The Spanish Public Health System is one of the best in the world

Healthcare plays an essential role in a popula-

tion's quality of life. Valencia’s healthcare network

is made up of 1,800 healthcare centres, units and

establishments.

The basic public system, which is one of the best

in the world, runs 147 centres, including 8 hospi-

tals, 29 health centres, 4 specialised units and 21

primary care centres. The hospitals include Hos-

pital Universitario de La Fe, a leading centre for

numerous specialities both within and outside of

the Valencian Community, Hospital Clínico de

Valencia and Hospital General.

Healthcare in Valencia is provided by the public health system, one of the best in the world, with additional private

healthcare available. The city has leading treatment centres for some specialities.

5.8hospital beds /

1,000 inhabitants

1,786hospitals, centres

and units

These hospitals have close links with universities

and tend to carry out world-renowned research

work through various organisations that they run.

Valencia also has a private healthcare system

consisting of 7 hospitals, 89 general centres, 403

GP surgeries and other services besides. The Va-

lencian Oncology Institute and the Valencian

Infertility Institute are international leaders in

certain specialties.

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A 230

109

79teachers per 1,000

school students

89teachers per 1,000university students

Valencia offers quality education through the public school system plus private schools

Valencia has 464 public and private schools in

the city, where more than 126,000 pupils study.

Schools are spread throughout the city so all pu-

pils have access to education.

The universities are spread among 8 different

centres, 2 of which are among the 400 best in the

world (Polytechnic University of Valencia and Uni-

versity of Valencia), according to the Shanghai

Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU).

126,588school students

464schools

100,720university students

8 universities,2 in the ARWU top 400

A 231

» 9PROJECTSTHE FUTURE OF THE CITY

112

Valencia is a city that is constantly developing. As a result, major projects are in place to ensure growth in strategic points around the city.

Valencia is planning to roll out major projects

and infrastructure development plans to ensure

its urban growth in strategic geographic areas of

the city.

Parque Central (Central Park) in the heart of Va-

lencia.

Marina Real Juan Carlos I (Juan Carlos I Royal

Marina) aims to become the number one mari-

na in the Mediterranean.

The Grao Urban Planning Project (PAI), a new

residential area on the waterfront.

New Cruise Terminal.

Another important aspect to highlight is the city’s

General Urban Development Plan, which aims

to enhance the generation of new urban deve-

lopment land opportunities, contemplating more

than 1 million m² for public and private facilities,

of which around one third will be given over to

green areas

113

Parque Central1

The new backbone of the city of Valencia, a large

230,000 m² green area built within the confines of

66 hectares of development land.

Parque Central, designed by landscape archi-

tect, Kathryn Gustafson, will lie in the heart of the

city and is the most ambitious project ever to be

carried out in Valencia. Railway and urban pro-

jects; thanks to the underground railway a whole

area of the city will be recovered and provided

with new public services and facilities. The pro-

ject also brings together neighbourhoods that,

at present, are separated by the current railway

infrastructure.

The railway project involves the creation of 9 km

of tunnels and 4 new underground stations

connected with the metro and tram networks

to meet demands for the high-speed service.

This project is aimed at improving urban mobility

in Valencia, by bringing together high-speed rail

services, commuter trains, metro, tram, buses and

taxis in a more accessible and convenient place

in the city centre.

Four towers will be located within the park itself;

two in the north, dedicated to office space coun-

ting up to 25 stories with a floor space of 80,000

m², and two in the south of the park, dedicated to

residential property that could count more than

25 stories and a floor space of 83,000 m².

1 Source: Sociedad Valencia Parque Central Alta Velocidad (Valencia Central Park High Speed Asso-ciation) 2003 | Year: 2013

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114

Gran Marina Real Juan Carlos I2

Marina Real Juan Carlos I is located next to the

majestic Port of Valencia, and occupies an area

of more than one million m² that is destined to

become one of the largest expansion areas in

Valencia. It also aims to become the Mediterra-

nean hub par excellent in its privileged setting

adjacent to one of the most extensive first-rate

urban beaches in Europe.

The Marina offers all the right conditions and in-

frastructures to become an ideal location to set

up companies, as well as entertainment and

catering businesses. It brings together a number

of historic buildings with modern structures such

as the Veles e Vents building, together with green

areas and first-rate facilities for residents to enjoy

all kinds of water sports.

The Marina is a unique location that boasts a

myriad of possibilities, set in a privileged enclave

located at ten minutes from downtown Valencia,

and half an hour from the airport via a direct link

with the metro network. It has over 600 berths and

with a channel width of 80 metres easily accom-

modates large yachts, and offers a special jetty

area ideal for winter mornings.

With the aim of becoming the number one mari-

na in the Mediterranean, Marina Real Juan Car-

los I has set its sights on becoming a first-class in-

ternational sailing destination, benefitting from all

the services offered by the city of Valencia, and its

innovative space; given that one of the main ob-

jectives is to encourage technology companies

to set up business in what used to be the head-

quarters for the America’s Cup teams, to create

what is becoming known as ‘Mediterranean Eu-

rope’s leading technological hub’.

The Marina development plan includes the

building of a dry-dock for mega-yachts, the im-

plementation of all the necessary services and

facilities for all types of pleasure crafts, and the

commissioning of various commercial, leisure

and catering areas, as well as a yacht captains’

club, tourist information, car hire and a wide ran-

ge of specialty shops.

2 Source: Consorcio Valencia (Valencia Consortium) 2007

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115

The Veles e Vents Building. David Chipperfield. LEAF (Leading European Architects Forum) Award 2007.

116

Grao Integrated action plan (PAI)3

The Grao Integrated action plan, or ‘plan de ac-

tuación integrada (PAI)’ in Spanish, brings twen-

ty-first century Valencia closer to the sea making

it the ideal residential complement to Marina

Real Juan Carlos I.

Covering an area of around 400,000 m², the de-

velopment of the new zone in the Grao district of

Valencia conforms to the principles of innovati-

ve and sustainable architecture.

The urban development plan includes the crea-

tion of a 140,000 m² green delta at the mouth of

the former source of the River Turia, which has

become one of the largest urban gardens in Eu-

rope, spanning along a 9-km stretch.

This is a privileged enclave for the inhabitants of

Valencia and for those who want to take up re-

sidence on one of the most attractive coastlines

in Europe, where large green expanses and na-

vigable waterways coexist with the tallest skys-

crapers in the city.

3 Source: Ayuntamiento de Valencia (Valencia City Council) | Year: 2013

One of the most picturesque places

to live in Europe

118

New cruise terminal4

The Port Authority of Valencia, as part of its Cruise

Master Plan, has included the construction of a

new terminal with 1.3 km of berthing facilities, re-

cently inaugurating its first landing stage.

The new terminal will double the port’s current

capacity for vessels of any size and draught, and

aspires to become an international benchmark

in this segment of the tourism sector.

4 Source: Ayuntamiento de Valencia (Valencia City Council) | Year: 2013

S» SECTORSOF THE VALENCIAN ECONOMY

MAIN

122

COMMERCIALDISTRIBUTION

One of the most important economic activities in our region is commercial distribution

In 2012, due to the impact of recession, the retail trade in Spain reduced its turnover by 7% with respect to the pre-

vious year. It should be pointed out that, thanks to the upturn in household consumption and the proliferation of

smartphones, Internet sales have doubled during the same period.

According to the Telecommunications Market

Commission, e-commerce in Spain produced

a turnover of 10,455 milion Euros in 2012, with a

percentage increase of 13.6% with respect to the

previous year. The recurring transactions went to

services related to tourism. Within the retail trade

sector, purchases like clothes, CDs, books, statio-

nery and electrical goods stand out.

In the autonomous regions, the Region of Valen-

cia ranked 4th nationally in relation to the retail

trade sales, accounting for 10.5% out of the total

according to figures from 20121. The Region of

1 Source: PATECO 20122 Source: Alimarket | Year: 2012

Valencia has mantained its level of significance

regarding the Spanish production model since

the beginning of the recession.

A total of 28 companies in Valencia are included

in a ranking of the 500 biggest companies by sa-

les volume within the food distribution segment in

Spain2.

CONSOLIDATED

STRATEGIC CLUSTER

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123

COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION

Spain,

Europe’s e-commerce

growth leader4

Spain is12th in the global ranking

of retail trade3

In Valencia, the tertiary sector, which is represented by the retail distribution, generates the highest turnover rate

The food distribution cluster, one of the most powerful in our region

In Valencia, according to a study taken among

companies of the metropolitan area with turno-

ver of more than 1 million Euros, the retail trade

sector produces a total aggregate value of al-

most 20,000 million Euros –with the exception of

motor vehicles and the required fuel–. This fact

allows 85,000 people to be employed.

100%growth in Internet sales

in Spain in the last 5 years5

3 Source: PATECO 20124 Source: Forrester Report | Year: 20125 Source: Telecommunications Market Commission| Year: 2013

A 239

124

COMMERCIALDISTRIBUTION

Valencian companies are the leading distributor of commercial food retail in Spain

Within the context of the big food distribution

sector in our country, the Valencian company

Mercadona stands out. It is ranked 4th among

all the Spanish companies, according to its tur-

nover, and it is the 1st company in the sector with

a commercial surface area of 15% and 23.8% of

national turnover6. Moreover, Mercadona is the 1st

company in terms of aggregate turnover among

companies with turnover of more than 1 million

Euros in the Valencia Metropolitan region7.

The two most important companies in Valencia

27.9% of total aggregate

turnover in Valencia7

27.7% of total aggregate

employment7

6 Source: Alimarket | Year: 20127 Source: compilation based on total aggregate of companies of the Valencia Metropolitan region with turnover of more

than 1 million Euros.

regarding the food distribution sector, Mercado-

na and Consum, make up 26% of the total na-

tional turnover. In 2011, the national sector grew

on average of 1%, whereas the above-stated

companies reached a percentage of 7.91% and

4.35% respectively. Despite recession, both busi-

nesses maintain a sustaibable growth path. The

cluster, resulting out of both companies, is one of

the strongest in Valencia. It is used as an interme-

diary for the agri-food industry.

A 239

125

Food retail maintains its yearly positive growth stocks

COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION

R&D

The Valencian commercial cluster relies on diffe-

rent institutions such as the Chamber of Commer-

ce, the Network of Companies for the Innovation

and Commercial Development, “RED AFIC” or

the Plan of Territorial Action Applied to the Com-

mercial Distribution, “PATECO”. These enhance

innovation and the internazionalisation of local

companies.

The strength of the food distribution sector in

Valencia is reinforced by the presence of solid

research and innovation activities, both public

and private. One of the centres that collaborates

in this innovative work is the Institute of Agro-

chemistry and Food Technology, “IATA-CSIC”,

which is a research centre devoted to science,

technology and food biotechnology. It belongs

to the High Council for Scientific Research, “CSIC”,

benefits from researchers as well as internationa-

lly-recognized experts and is also present in se-

veral International Committees such as ISO, CEN,

EFSA, AESAN or the Technology Centre AINIA with

more than 25 years of experience in R&D.

26%of the volume of national

food distribution is due to Mercadona and Consum8

8 Source: Alimarket | Year: 2012

Furthermore, a wide range of higher education

courses, both public and private, nurtures the

development of this cluster: Degree in Food Scien-

ce and Technology at the University of Valencia

(UV), Degree in Business Administration and Ma-

nagement, Degree in Commercial Management

and Marketing, etc.

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126

FOOD & AGRICULTURE CLUSTER

The food and agriculture sector in Spain is internationally recognized

The European Union is the world’s leading produ-

cer of processed food. Spain, France, Germany,

Italy and the United Kingdom make up approxi-

mately 70% of the total turnover of food items

and drinks. As a matter of fact, the food and agri-

culture sector is one of the most strategic ones

in Spain. According to official data2, it represents

7.8% of the national GDP, employs nearly 2 mi-

llions of people and its export volume amounts to

27,900 million Euros with a trade surplus of 5,500

million Euros.

Mercadona and Consumare invigorating the agri-

food industry in the Region of Valencia

The agri-food sector “is one of the most important

sectors in the Spanish economy due to its power

and its reputation abroad” 3

1 Data provided by The Confederation of the Food and Drink Industries of the EU (CIAA).2 Figures from High Commissioner for the Marca España.3 Massachusett Institute of Technology.

These excellent results derive from the intensive

research and development activities that are res-

ponsible for an increase in productivity of those

companies that deal with food items and drinks.

The strong profitability of this financial sector has

not gone unnoticed among foreign investors

who are firmly committed to investing in the agri-

food sector. Thus, in 2011 more than 700 million

Euros were invested in Spain; 41% of the FDI in the

Spanish industry.

CONSOLIDATED

STRATEGIC CLUSTER

127


The agri-food industry in Valencia is offering interesting business opportunities

Valencia has a long agricultural tradition of

irrigation, bound to its excellent weather condi-

tions and its irrigation infrastructures, which are

highly advanced. Its vegetable garden and

its products –mainly citrus fruits– are world-fa-

mous and present a unique landscape.

Together with the settled primary sector, Valencia

has a powerful and diversified agri-food industry

that has sustained strong growth in the last few

years. This is predominantly due to the presence

of leading companies in the commercial distribu-

tion in Valencia which has also also invigorated

the sector.

Mercadona, the most important supermarket

chain in Spain with a market share of over 20%

and the fourth Spanish company according to its

turnover, is the driving force of this cluster, together

with Consum. Currently, both companies domina-

te 26% of the national market and have ambitious

expansion plans that will definitely generate inte-

resting business oportunities for those companies

related to food items and drinks.

The agri-food companies located in Valencia

enjoy nowadays a good positioning with regard

to international markets thanks to the quality of

their products and their extensive export expe-

rience.

Knowledge network.

•VITAlimentación

•VLCinternationalcampus

•InstituteofAgrochemistryandFoodTechnology,“IATA”

•ResearchAssociationfortheFoodandAgricultureIndustry,“AINIA”

•ValencianInstituteforAgrarianResearch,“IVIA”

•ConservationandImprovementInstitutefortheValencianAgrobiodiversity,“COMAV”

•AnimalResearchandTechnologyCentre,“CITA”

•AnimalFeedCentre(CentrodeCalidadAvícolayAlimentaciónAnimal,“CECAV”)

•ValenciaRegionalFoodBusinessFederation,“FEDACOVA”

128


30% of the hundred biggest companies in Valencia belong to the food and agriculture cluster4

The agri-food cluster has the special distinction

of interrelating three different macro-sectors that

have traditionally been considered individually:

the primary sector –agriculture, ranching, forestry

and fishing–, food and beverage industry and

lastly, companies specializing in distribution and

wholesale trade on this type of products.

In Valencia there are approximately 1,000 com-

panies with turnover of more than 1 million Euros

involved in this cluster that, in an aggregated

basis, generate a turnover of almost 12,000 mi-

llion Euros and that, furthermore, employ 38,615

people. Moreover, this thriving sector invigorates

12,000 million Euros

on a net basis of aggregate turnover

other activities that are directly related to it such

as agricultural machinery or fertilizers and pesti-

cides.

In the top 100 most important companies in

Valencia, it is possible to find large represen-

tative companies that take part in this cluster

such as the meat company Martinez Loriente,

Anecoop –the first fruit and vegetable growing

company in the Mediterranean– or beverage

manufacturers such Colebega and Font Salem –

beverage company in the Region of Valencia–,

among others.

In this selection, there are several outstanding

examples of foreign companies to be empha-

sized that invested in Valencia. For instance, the

French company La Roquette, –starch product

manufacturer– the Belgian company Univeg, –

international supplier of fresh products– or the

poultry supplier, Sada, which belongs to Nutreco,

a company from the Netherlands.

4 Source: compilation based on total aggregated of companies of the Valencia Metropolitan region with turnover of more than 1 million Euros.

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129


Valencia not only shares the strengths of the Spanish agri-food system, but also adds the asset of its dynamic knowledge ecosystem and the commercial push of the leading distribution companies originally from Valencia

According to a study by Caja Rural CajaMar5, the

agri-food industry in the Region of Valencia and,

therefore, in the Valencia Metropolitan region, is

highly productive: it is able to generate 1,26 Euros

of added value for each Euro produced by the

agricultural sector whereas it only reaches 0,91

Euros in Spain.

These excellent results are directly linked to the

investment of the sector in R&D and to its inte-

rrelationships with the developed knowledge

ecosystem specialized in agri-food. The Valen-

cian Institute for Agrarian Research, “IVIA”, the

Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology,

“IATA”6, the Research Association for the Food

and Agriculture Industry, “AINIA”, or the Animal

Research and Technology Centre, “CITA” among

others, carry out an intensive research activity

with apps that directly focus on the productivity

and profitability of the companies in this sector.

The cluster that is being examined throu-

ghout this project, benefits from highly qua-

lified professionals that come from different

Valencian universities devoted to this specia-

lization. Apart from the School of Agricultural

The School of Agricultural Engineering and

Environment is among

the 100 best schools in the world in

Agriculture & Forestry according to the well-

regarded QS World University Rankings

5 Analysis of the food and agriculture sector in the Region of Valencia. July 2013.6 It is part of the Superior Council of Scientific Research, “CSIC”.

Engineering and Environment, which is one of

the best schools in the world in Agriculture &

Forestry according to the well-regarded QS

World University Rankings, it is possible to point

out, among others, the Faculty of Biological and

Environmental Sciences, the Faculty of Pharmacy

specializing in nutrition and food technology

and, lastly, several engineering studies applied to

this industry.

130

Barcelona

Valencia

MadridÁvila

Palencia

Álava Navarra

ZaragozaValladolid

Sevilla

Vigo

Santander

AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTER

There are several factors that have contributed to the creation of this cluster

The geo-strategic position of Valencia, the development of huge mega-infrastructures, such as the port, and the

air and land connections, the level of education of the population, the wage costs, etc. have facilitated the ela-

boration of this big cluster related to the transport sector in all its aspects.

The automotive sector is one of the strategic pi-

llars in Spain. Its contribution to the economy is

more than remarkable since it creates jobs and

it is one of the driving forces that enhance invest-

ment, innovation and development, together with

the environmental protection. Moreover, this sec-

tor is distinguished because with it comes a subs-

tantial part of the rest of the industries; it locates

them closely around it and thus different clusters

are formed.

The car manufacturers in Spain are among the

most productive in Europe.

Spain 2nd motor vehicle producer in Europe and 12th

in the world

CONSOLIDATED

STRATEGIC CLUSTER

Fuente: ANFAC / 2013

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131

AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTER

The automotive cluster in Valencia, led by the company Ford, brings together several major companies of the Top 100 due to the net turnover amount of the metropolitan region of Valencia

The Ford plant is responsible for one of the most

important industrial clusters in Valencia. There is

a structural framework consisting of more than a

hundred parts and accessories manufacturers

that nurture the plant.

The Ford plant is included within the automotive

sector in Valencia for two obvious reasons: it is

part of the Automotive Cluster of Valencia, “AVIA”

and furthermore it is one of the driving forces

of the local economy since it creates jobs and

wealth. Even if the headquarters is in Madrid, the

production is carried out in Valencia.

The Financial Times has selected the Valencian

Ford plant as a role model in order to overcome

recession by pointing out the investment made

by foreign automotive multinationals and their

facilities in our country. Ford has committed an

investment of 1,500 million Euros for the year 2013

for the factory in Valencia to where plants such as

the one in Genk, Belgium, will be moved to.

Companies such as AcerloMittal –situated

among the Top 200 Spanish companies for a net

amount of turnover “INCN”-– , Johnson Controls

Automotive Spain, Autoliv BKI, Faurecia Inte-

Spain exports

87.4% of its vehicle production and

65% of the production of components1

rior Systems España, Pilkintong Automotive, are

part of this sector and are positioned among the

100 first companies in the Valencia Metropolitan

region according to their turnover volume.

1 Source: Spanish Association of Automotive Equipment and Components Manufacturers for the Automotive sector. | Year: 2012

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132

AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTER

Apart from the vehicle manufacturing, it is important to remark the railway industry and the shipbuilding industry

By adding the industrial activity in charge of the boat, locomotive and railway equipment building – in the case

of this last the main reference is the company Vossloh in Spain– to the automotive sector, the above-stated

amount produces an aggregated value of more than 7,500 million of Euros of net turnover. This fact allows to

employ over 5% of the workers of total of the companies with turnover of more than 1 million Euros in both cases2.

6.74%of motor vehicles

in Spainis producedin Valencia

11%aggregate amount of

turnover2

5.3%of total aggregate

employment2

2 Source: compilation based on total aggregate of companies of the Valencia Metropolitan region with turnover of more than 1 million Euros.

133

AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTER

R&D: The automotive cluster has the support of the Network of Technical Institutes and of many research groups in the universities of Valencia

With the aim of strengthening the transport bu-

siness network, the motor vehicle producers are

gathered in the Automotive Clulster of Valencia,

“AVIA” .

This is an economic sector where innovation pre-

vails and that is characterized by developing

many projects bound to the Network of Technical

Institutes, “REDIT”, which reinforces them. The Me-

tal-Processing Technology Institute, “AIMME”,

Technological Institute of Plastics, “AIMPLAS”,

the Valencia Biomechanics Institute, “IBV”, the

Technological Institute of Energy, “ITE” or the

Institute of Computer Technology, “ITI” incor-

porated a collaborative platform for the sector

of Mobility, Automotive and Means of Transport

Technology Network, “iMAUT”.

Likewise, the ties of this cluster with local universi-

ties are strong. It should be mentioned the Institut

of Design and Manufacturing, “IDF” or the Techni-

cal School of Industrial Engineering, Ford Spain

which are both attached to the Polytechnic Uni-

versity of Valencia where a Degree in Mechani-

cal Engineering is imparted.

The hybrid and electric vehicle development offers important business opportunities. In Valencia, there are currently several projects started

by Ford that deal with the manufacturing of hybrid and electric vehicles.

134

LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORT CLUSTER

Transport and logistics are key activities for any

economy due to the impact they have on the

competitiveness of other sectors. Moreover, as

these functions make possible the mobility of

goods and people, they are also a fundamental

component of the economic and social cohe-

sion of any territory.

In Spain, this cluster has a strategic consideration,

due to its above-stated intrinsic functionalities

and also to the fact that it acts as a bridge be-

tween Europe, Latin America and Africa.

According to data provided by the Spanish Con-

4.8% of national wealth comes

from transport and logistics

4.2% of the Spanish employment

is represented by the transport and logistics sector

federation of Business Organisations, “CEOE”, in

the memo “The sector of transport and logistics in

Spain”, it is estimated that this sector contributes

4.2% to national wealth, brings together a total of

6.4% companies and generates 4.2% of emplo-

yment. This cluster is also remarkable due to its

innovative capacity and to its high level of invest-

ment in R&D which represents 12,418 million Euros

as reported by the study.

CONSOLIDATED

STRATEGIC CLUSTER

Transport and logistics are key activities for the economy

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135


Valencia, apart from being a major modern Eu-

ropean city, characterized by its dynamism and

innovation, has made the most of its location,

which is geographically and strategically pri-

vileged. In the largest development area of the

Mediterranean it has become a first-level logistics

centre internationally.

Both air and ground advantageous connections

in Valencia, together with the unquestionable lea-

dership of the Port of Valencia in the Mediterra-

nean, have been the perfect ingredients in order

to position competitively its transport and logistics

cluster at an international level.

The Port of Valencia, the main Mediterranean port, is one of the driving forces of

this cluster

6.3% of employment in Valencia is represented by the logistics

and transport cluster1

Valencia works perfectly well with other Spanish

economy sectors. As explained on the section

“Infrastructures” of this document, the Port of Va-

lencia gives coverage to 55% of Spanish GDP sin-

ce it keeps close ties with other inland territories

of Spain, in particular Madrid and Zaragoza. The

port is open to the transport of goods by sea.


Rafael Aznar Garrigues* (Valencia Port Authority):

“Thanks to its privileged location, its prominent communications and its advanced machining equipment,

Valencia is an internationally recognised logistics centre.”

“The intercontinental maritime transport sector requires a high concentration of operators, infrastructures

and specialised services. For this reason, Valencia's Port is growing and adapting itself to the market

jointly with the city of Valencia.”

“Valencia's Port keeps close ties with the consolidated markets as well as with the emerging markets such

as Latin America or Africa.”

“As a green port, Valencia's Port actively leads the environmental policy implementation, among other

activities, and is committed to training and R&D in this field.”

* Interview with Mr. Rafael Aznar Garrigues conducted by the editorial team in charge of writing the present document. Mr. Rafael Aznar is the General Manager of the Valencia Port Authority (VPA).

136


Around the Port of Valencia a very powerful logistics and transport cluster has been established

Its intersectorial nature and its multidisciplinary

complexity complicate the cluster sizing, which

is crucial for the economy because it covers

very different activities: wrapping and packa-

ging, storage, road and rail transport, airlift,

distribution, logistics services and even estate

services.

Taking into consideration this wide range of ac-

tivities, over 700 companies that belong to this

cluster and that turn over more than 1 million

Euros have been identified in Valencia. In an

aggregated basis, the above-stated companies

turnover in 2011 went over five million Euros and,

likewise, 19,400 jobs were created. This cluster

represents 7.5% of the net aggregate turnover

and 6.3% of aggregate employment within the

sample.

> 5,000 million Eurosis the net aggregate turnover2

The transport and logistics sector, more speci-

fically the road transport and some packaging

sectors, are characterized by their extensive mar-

ket atomization, as is the case with the entire

Spanish and Valencian economy. Nonetheless,

inside this cluster it is possible to identify leading

companies that are among the 100 highest tur-

nover companies in Valencia such as: the airline

Air Nostrum. AUMAR motorways, operators in

the Port of Valencia such as the Mediterranean

Shipping Company or Noatum and also packa-

ging companies such as Acmcor, etc.


137


There are good business prospects for the logistics and transport cluster

The current business opportunities are evident

and the expectations point to a promising future.

On one hand, Valencia will be reinforced on the

Mediterranean Arc and what is more, the logistics

and transport activities are gaining a major im-

portance nowadays in the context of the econo-

mies’ increasing globalisation.

The Port of Valencia, that is aware of the oppor-

tunities that the market affords, is considering an

ambitious strategic growth plan, as well as one

of its main operators, Noatum, which recently an-

nounced that it will invest 100 million Euros in its

container terminal.

Other companies in the sector such as Mediterra-

nean Shipping Company (MSC), the second shi-

pping line in the world has also decided to invest

in Valencia, specifically 180 million Euros in order

to build its headquarters.

Noatum, Mediterranean Shipping Company, Euro Pool Systems or Norbert Dentressangle are investing in Valencia

The logistics property market has been very

proactive in 2012 too. According to “The logistics

market in Spain” report, which has been carried

out by BNP Paris Real Estate-Research, the hiring

of logistics warehouses in Valencia has risen 25%

with respect to 2011, reaching historic highs.

These positive results are mainly due to the strong

investment in Valencia by international operators

such as Euro Pool Systems o Norbert Dentres-

sangle.

The logistics and transport cluster counts on the

support of the institutional network and the re-

search system in Valencia. Among them stand

out the Technological Institute of Packaging,

Transportation and Logistics, “ITENE”, the Valen-

ciaport Foundation and FEPORTS – The Port Institu-

te for Studies and Co-Operation in the Valencian

Region.

Knowledge network.

•TechnologicalInstituteofPackaging,TransportationandLogistics,“ITENE”

•ValenciaportFoundation

•ResearchInstituteonTrafficandRoadSafety,UniversityofValencia

•FEPORTS–ThePortInstituteforStudiesandCo-OperationintheValencianRegion

•ValencianFederationofTransportBusinesses,“FVET”

•ENCAJA–Storage,DistributionandPoint-of-sale(FeriadelAlmacén,laDistribuciónyelPuntodeVenta)

138

CONSTRUCTION AND REAL ESTATE SECTOR

Our country benefits from large construction companies that are highly qualified and that have experience in all types of works and infrastructure building

The construction sector constitutes an activity that

accounts the state of the economy in a determi-

ned territory by reflectcting an infrastructural pro-

gress and development thereof.

Our country has seen a decline in production in this

sector during the last few years due to the global

international recession. However, the latest statistics

are encouraging and the investment opportunities

appealing.

1 Source: Eurostat | Year: 2013

In the Eurozone, the production in the construc-

tion sector has been reduced by 5%, and by

2.5% on average in the countries of the Euro-

pean Union. in Spain, on the other hand, the fi-

gure is positive and has increased by 7% during

the month of August 2013 with respect to the

corresponding month in the previous year.

7% increase in Spanish

construction1

Housing prices per m2

in Valenciaare lower than those

in Madrid or Barcelona

CONSOLIDATED

STRATEGIC CLUSTER

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139


The internationalization of the companies in the construction sector is enhancing the recovery of the sector

The business opportunities in the construction and real estate sector are based on the appealing current prices, the sustainable building, the home automation and on the rehabilitation

The experience and qualification of the construc-

tion professionals and companies have facilita-

ted an international process of their services by

rallying nearly 9.4% in the last three years and a

turnover of 16,581 million Euros2.

The capital flows that are interested in real esta-

te assets are increasingly global and Spain, the

Valencian market in particular, is offering highly

appealing investment opportunities. The housing

price per m2 in Valencia is fairer than in other

Spanish cities such as Madrid or Barcelona3,

which adds an extra appeal.

The construction sector brings together a diverse

group of companies such as building compa-

nies, developers, real estate agencies, all types

of equipment manufacturers, machinery renting,

engineering, etc.

In Valencia, the group of companies that form

the construction and real estate sector represents

6.7% of net aggregate turnover, an amount

above 4,500 million Euros that creates 5.7% of

employment4.

5.7%of total aggregate

employment4

2 Source: Construmat “The Export Potential of the Spanish Construction” | Year: 20133 Source: idealista.com | Year: 20134 Source: compilation based on total aggregate of companies of the Valencia Metropolitan region with turnover of more

than 1 million Euros.

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140


R&D

The innovative activity in this sector possesses

multiple aspects, also carried out by the private

initiatives, is promoted by the main companies

of a higher international importance and also

by the Technological Institute of Construction,

“AIDICO” or the Technological Institute of Plastics

“AIMPLAS”.

Additionally, there are other research groups that

come from different Valencian universities arising

from the different training options linked to this

sector. For instance, the Material Science Institu-

te of Valencia, “ICMUV”, as part of the University

of Valencia (UV) the Department of Material Te-

chnology or the Dept. of Architectural Construc-

tions in the Polytechnic University in Valencia

(UPV). The wide range of educational options

within this sector is of a high standard. The fo-

llowing degrees should be emphaisized: the

Architectural and Civil Engineering studies, Te-

chnical Architecture, Geomatic and Surveying

Engineering, Public Works Engineering, etc.

Likewise, Valencia is the international meeting

point of sector leaders by organising compe-

titions and congresses such as Cevisama (tiles

and ceramics, construction equipments) Nova-

Build (construction, sustainable development,

building materials, applied technologies), Urbe

(Mediterranean real estate), Green Up, Fimma

Maderalia, etc. Thanks to these companies, the

most innovative projects related to the sector ga-

ther in our city.

141

CHEMICALSECTOR

The chemical sector represents 11% of Spain’s industrial GDP: 2nd export sector, industrial R&D leader and largest investor in environmental protection1

This is a strategic sector in our country: innovative,

wealth and stable job creator and with a high

rate of internationalization.

This cluster brings together a very innovative

group of companies; 20% of researchers within

the Spanish industry belong to the chemical sec-

tor and play an important role in the economy

and in our communities. It addresses different

fields such as health, food, sports, culture, hygie-

ne, household, self-propulsion... This sector has

contributed considerably to our average life ex-

pectancy in the last 100 years.

It is the only sector that offers a Global Program

for the continuous environmental improvement

and safety, Responsible Care, which is already

applied to 54 countries and that has been recog-

nized by the UN for its contribution to the sustaina-

ble development.

1 Source: Spanish Federation of Chemical Industries | Year: 2013

VizcayaAragónAsturias

CantabriaBarcelona

Tarragona

Castellón

Valencia

Madrid

Puertollano

Cartagena

Huelva

Algeciras

Location of the chemical production areas in

Spain

Source: Spanish Federation of Chemical Industries

CONSOLIDATED

STRATEGIC CLUSTER

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CHEMICALSECTOR

R&D

The Region of Valencia is one of the main areas

of chemical industrial production, which repre-

sents 8% of Spain’s total turnover.

According to data provided by the Chemical

and Environmental Association of the Chemical

Sector of the Region of Valencia, “QUIMACOVA”,

the chemical sector increases every year by 2%

thus generating an annual turnover of 6,600 mi-

llion Euros in the Region of Valencia.

The high level of research, development and

innovation activity in this sector results in close

partnerships between all the institutions devoted

to the chemical industry in Valencia: companies,

universities, the Network of Technology Institutes

of the Region of Valencia, “REDIT”, professional

associations as well as research centres, both pu-

blic and private.

The Institute for Molecular Science (ICMol), the

Institute of Chemical Technology or the Valencia

Nanophotonics Technology Centre at the Polyte-

Companies such as Bayer Cropscience and

RNB, among others, are based in the metropoli-

tan area of Valencia and belong to the Top 100

provincial companies with turnover of more than

1 million Euros.

The net aggregate turnover represents more than

2,000 million Euros, among the total number of

companies in the metropolitan region in Valen-

cia allowing 7,000 people to be employed2.

chnic University of Valencia (UPV) are some of

the university centres where projects linked to this

sector take place.

Valencia often brings together international lea-

ders of the sector for different congresses and

trade fairs such as Ecofira (International Fair of

Environmental Solutions), the XXXIV Meeting of

Electrochemistry of the Spanish Royal Society of

Chemistry, the XV Iberian Meeting of Electroche-

mical , Pulire (Cleaning and Professional Hygie-

ne trade show), etc.


3%of total net aggregate

turnover2

2.2%of total employment2

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TOURISM

1 Data provided in January-August 2012, Bank of Spain.2 The information dated October 2013 reveals that Spain has reached historical highs having received 54,3 millions of

foreign tourists, which could entail a modification on the global ranking by the end of 2013.

2nd

country in the world in terms of tourism revenue

1st

global leisure travel destination

Spain is a world power in tourismThe tourism sector is of fundamental importance

to the Spanish economy; it represents 10.3% of

the Spanish GDP, creates 11% of employment and

covers 113.1% of the Spanish trade deficit1.

Spain ranks fourth as the largest country in visitor

numbers2 and second in terms of tourism reve-

nue, as stated by the World Tourism Organization,

“UNWTO”, only surpassed by the United States.

Moreover, it is the first European inbound destiny,

“Eurostat”, it is the top global leisure travel des-

tination and the world’s third destination in the

number of international meetings and congres-

ses.

The worldwide success of the Spanish tourism in-

dustry lies in quality –Spain is pioneer in the imple-

mentation of Tourism Quality Systems- and on its

loyalty. 40.3% of the tourists in Spain have visited

the country at least ten more times throughout

their lives and 82% have been there more than

once.

Spain possesses a large number of high quality tourist attractions, which guarantees its

position as one of the most appealing countries at an international level:

• Culturalpower:SpainisthesecondcountryintheworldintermsofUNESCOWorld

Heritage Sites

• Powerinqualitynaturalareas:secondcountryinthenumberofnaturalspaces

declared UNESCO Biosphere Reserves and first country in Blue Flag beaches

• Worldleaderincuisine:threeSpanishrestaurantsarerankedamongthetopteninthe

world

• Touristinfrastructures:rankssecondinEuropeinnumberofhotelrooms

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144

TOURISM

In 20133 the Region of Valencia is leading the fo-

reign tourist growth having produced the highest

annual rate of growth specifically due to the

abundance percentage of British (40%), French,

Dutch, German and Russian visitors (+22% of vi-

sas granted).

With regard to the tourist offer, as stated by the Va-

lencian Institute of Statistics (IVE), one third of 748

tourist infrastructures in the Region of Valencia

are based in the metropolitan area of Valencia,

which corresponds to 33,498 units. Furthermore,

it also brings together 40% out of 14,673 restau-

rants in the Region of Valencia and as for the

exclusive restaurants, half of them (53%).

The metropolitan area of Valencia received more

than 8 million tourists in 2012. Of these, 7,003,624

represented tourists living in Spain and staying

during an average of 4.4 days whereas the

tourists living abroad represented 1,212,987

extending their stay for 11.1 days. The main re-

ason for foreign tourists to travel is leisure, recrea-

tion and vacation and the second is work and

business . The daily average expenditure is 81.2

Euros.

3 Accumulated data up to October 2013 (Frontur, IET)

The Valencia Metropolitan region brings together 32% of tourist infrastructures and 53% of exclusive restaurants

Foreign tourists. Travel purposes (2012) Foreign tourists. Origin (2012)

Source: Compiled by the authors of this document based on information supplied by IET-Agencia Valenciana del Turisme. Frontur-Egatur

Leisure, recreation and vacationWork and businessPersonal reasonsStudiesOther

ItalyFranceUKGermanyNetherlandsPortugalBelgiumRest

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TOURISM

Valencia is now one of the main urban tourist destinations in Spain

60%of visitors in Spain are foreign

tourists

3.9 million of overnight stays in Valencia in 2012

The strength of the tourist sector in the Valencia

Metropolitan region is led by its capital asset,

whose evident attributes (the quality of the cli-

mate, the number, quality and size of its beaches,

the abundance of natural areas, the added extra

offer and the attractive cultural and Heritage offer

–see section 8–), make it tourists’ favourite destiny

for both locals and foreigner tourists. Apart from

that, Valencia has caught the attention of leading

companies in the tourism market such as Seaside

Hotels, which has recently become the owner of

Hotel Westin in the city.

Valencia also benefits from a good tourist be-

haviour that is reflected in the excellent figures,

specially in terms of international tourists. In 2012,

as stated by Turismo Valencia there have been

more than 3.9 million of overnight stays from

which 55% correspond to foreign tourists. In the

last two decades, the number of overnight stays

as well as the number of trips and cruise passen-

gers have multiplied by five. In this regard, 480,000

cruise passengers have had the chance to disco-

ver the city, which constitutes a historical record.

The average annual occupation is represented

by 61%, with an average stay of 2.1 nights. This

figure has improved in the last few years thanks to

a higher number of visitors.

In 2013 the number of international tourists is con-

firmed: 60% of holiday tourism in the capital co-

rresponds to foreign visitors, almost two times

more than ten years ago (32%). Moreover, in this

last year it is possible to observe a considerable

increase in tourists coming from Turkey (+88%),

China (+54%) and Russia (+44%), which is proba-

bly linked to the fact that the air connections at

the airport have been improved. Along with the-

se countries, it is possible to emphasize other EU

countries such as France (39%), Germany (28%),

Belgium (24%) and the Netherlands (21%).

Foreign tourists. Metropolitan area of Valencia

Foreign tourists Average stay Daily average expenditure

1.212.987 11,1 days 81,20 Euros

Source: Compiled by the authors of this document | IET-Agencia Valenciana del Turisme. Frontur-Egatur |2012

146

BIOTECHNOLOGY

The definition and sizing in the biotechnology

sector are complex matters. This cluster joins

an heterogeneous group of companies dedi-

cated to different productive activities. The role

that biotechnology has is cross-cutting in rela-

tion to their products and services, directly or

indirectly.

Even if it is important to consider the size and

number of the different companies engaged in

biotechnology between the different countries,

according to data stated by the OCDE, Spain is

the first country in number of companies enga-

ged in biotechnology or that are developing R&D

in biotechnology. A strong scientific base, the in-

tegration in the health care system, together with

1 Source Invest in Spain | Year: 20132 Source: OCDE | Year: 20133 Source: ASEBIO | Year: 2012

Food, human health, animal health and the environment are the main biotechnology areas of business in Spain

the public aid for R&D have facilitated the grow-

th of the biotechnology companies. There are

approximately 660 biotechnology companies in

Spain and also more than 3,000 using biotechno-

logy techniques in their processes3.

During the year 2012, the biotechnology compa-

nies associated to ASEBIO (Spanish Association

of Bioenterprises) increased by 76% the number

of scientific publications with respect to the pre-

vious year.

According to the application areas, 65.4% of the

biotechnology companies focus on food, 22.2%

on human health, 10.7% on the environment and

10.3% on animal food and aquaculture3.

Spain, 10th global

power and 5th scientific

production1

Spain has an elevated number of companies

engaged in biotechnology or that are developing R&D in

biotechnology2

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BIOTECHNOLOGY

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnology is one of the new sectors in Valencia which has a great potential

* Interview with Mr. Josep Redón i Mas conducted by the editorial team in charge of writing this document. Mr. JosepRedón is Medicine Professor at the University of Valencia, , Head of the Service of Internal Medicine at the Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Ex-president of the European of Hypertension and Scientist Director of the IIS INCLIVA at the Clinic Hospital in Valencia.

The medical care structure, the basic research

linked to universities, the high number of resear-

chers and their high level of education, the crea-

tion of development infrastructures such as the

Network of Science and Technology Parks which

involves the University of Valencia Science Park

and the Polytechnic City of Innovation of

the Polytechnic University of Valencia or

the European Business and Innovation

Centre, “CEEI” benefit the creation and

implementa-

The Region of Valencia brings together 7.63% of biotechnology companies in Spain, according to the Technologi-

cal Innovation in Companies Survey carried out by the National Institute of Statistics of Spain, “INE” in 2011.

tion of biotechnology companies by enhan-

cing the creation of clusters in their incubators.

In the area of biomedical research, Valencia

stands out taking the lead of the Spanish cities

with two Health Research Institutes, “IIS”: IIS

INCLI-VA at the Clinic Hospital and the IIS at

the Hospital La Fe.

Josep Redón i Mas, “INCLIVA”:

“The research activity in Valencia is obviously internationally recognized, specially in areas such as the repro-

ductive medicine, oncology, cardiovascular risks, regenerative medicine or rare diseases.”

“Valencia is pioneer in the application of selective and customized cancer treatments based on genetic

studies.”

“On one hand, the translational research, developed by the Health Research Institutes of Valencia, is impro-

ving the assitance procedures for the patients. On the other hand, innovation, as in development of knowle-

dge, has started to move to the business world through patents.”

148

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Valencia is an international reference in the different branches of biomedicine

It should be remarked other important research

platforms in Valencia such as the Príncipe Felipe

Research Center (CIPF) engaged in the biomedi-

cal research and the Biomedical Institute of Valen-

cia, which is part of The Spanish National Research

Council, “CSIC”.

Valencia is an international reference in the field

of reproductive medicine thanks to the work ca-

rried out by the Valencian Infertility Institute, “IVI”.

The divulgation and promotion of the scientific

research counts on the support of the Valencian

Foundation for Advanced Studies prime mover of

the Rey Jaime I Prizes Foundation.

The Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Tech-

nology (IATA-CSIC) and the Technology Centres

AINIA and AIDO contribute to the empowerment

of the sector, along with the work carried out by

the Innovation Network VIT that belongs to the

Council of Valencia in the areas of Health and

Food, among others.

Many biotechnology companies are based in

Valencia and specialise in the different areas of

biotechnology that are grouped in the associa-

tion BIOVAL (Bioregion in the Region of Valencia).

149

RENEWABLE ENERGYCLUSTER

Spain is one of the leading countries worldwide in renewable energies

Spain is clearly investing in renewable energies in

order to try to achieve a sustainable economic

growth and also to reduce its dependence on

other external energy resources. The impulse and

development of this sector in Spain is based on the

suitability of its territories, natural resources funda-

mentally, determined weather conditions adapted

to this type of energies, and on the existence of an

electricity network that allows us to integrate the

energy produced by the renewable systems in an

efficient way. .

This cluster is characterized by a high frequency of

technological content and it is composed by com-

panies specialised in the utilization of the Spanish

rich natural resources. In particular, it is important

to point out the projects related to wind power, solar

thermal energy, thermoelectric power, photovoltaic

power and biomass power. In addition to those,

others have also been developed such as biogas

power or biofuel power, small hydro power, marine

energy and geothermal energy.

In the international context Spain distinguishes it-

self due to its high levels of production, essentially

in photovoltaic power and wind power being the

fourth largest producer. In 2011, the economic va-

lue added by renewable energies represented

more than 10 million Euros.

4th

leading producer of wind and photovoltaic power

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RENEWABLE ENERGY CLUSTER

Valencia exports its products and technologies related to renewable

energy

According to official data provided by the IVEX, the

installed electric power from renewable source has

risen by 11 percentage points in the Region of Va-

lencia in the last few years. In particular, the photo-

voltaic power employs over 4,500 people and

the number of facilities goes over 5,000 units.

Regarding the installed wind power, it represents

a total of 6% in Spain.

Within this cluster, both the Region of Valencia and

Valencia itself excel in the field of photovoltaic so-

lar energy being one of the Spain’s region with the

largest installed capacity since, apart from its solar

farms, it also has a great number of roof installa-

tions.

Both the Region of Valencia and Valencia itself

have distinguished companies with a strong in-

ternational presence. These companies export

mainly solar photovoltaic panels and cells and se-

miconductor devices too. Precisely within the top

hundred largest companies in Valencia in terms of

sales volume it is possible to observe that two of

them belong to the renewable energy sector. The

most important destinies of Valencian exportations

are Italy, Germany and the United States.

Italy, Germany and the United States are

the main export destinations of Valencia

151

RENEWABLE ENERGY CLUSTER

The renewable energy sector offers important business opportunities

The renewable energy sector surely holds a promi-

sing future since Spain, a European Union Member

State, has committed itself by stating that by 2020,

20% of the energetic consumption will come from

renewable sources. In 2012, the renewable ener-

gies have only represented 12% of the total primary

energy sources used and, therefore, it clearly pre-

sents a potential future growth.

The leading position of the Spanish and Valencian

companies worldwide is based on the competitive

advantage of developing their own technologies

which entails a strong investment in R&D. The com-

panies based in Valencia count on the support of

the Energy Technological Institute “ITE”, the Valen-

cia Nanophotonics Technology Center, “NTC” and

the Technology Centre, “AINIA”. Moreover, there is

an innovation network located around the energy

sector, VIT Energia, that facilitates the knowledge

exchange.

The European Union is promoting the use of renewable energy among its member states

“The Institutes of Technology have a major impact on business activity, in fact we are the first cooperation ac-

tor in R&D&I for the companies of the Region of Valencia. Companies that cooperate with us have a 9 percent

higher productivity and for every euro that companies invest in our Centers, their turnover shows a growth of

around three euros in a time horizon of five to six years.

The Network of Technology Institutes of the Region of Valencia (REDIT) earned in 2012 more than 100 million

euros, of which 53% came from private revenues and 47% from competitive public funding. The Network em-

ploys over 1,500 professionals who developed nearly 900 projects for more than 12,000 customers, 40 percent

of which are located outside of the Region of Valencia. “

Damian Frontera Roig, President of the Network of Technological Institutes of the Region of Valencia REDIT

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NEW TECHNOLOGYSECTOR

E ME R G I N G

STRATEGIC CLUSTER

Spain is one of the leading European countries in applying radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology

One of the key reasons for Spain’s economical

leadership, since it is the EU’s 5th power and the 13th

in the world in terms of volume of GDP, is the impor-

tance that the nation gives to the development of

new technologies in different fields. There is eviden-

ce that Spain is investing in the field of technology

development, particularly in strategic areas such as

energy, health, transport, industrial production, ship-

building, agri-food sector, tourism, education, in the

environment and specially in the implementation

of information and communication technology, ICT,

commonly known as IT.

Spain is world leader in the research and imple-

mentation of electronic identification technology

and biometric solutions: in 2011 Spain, along with

Germany and Ireland, dominated the European

market in terms of companies using radiofrequen-

cy identification technology. Furthermore, Spain

has developed an innovative electronic ID card

and passport system. Thanks to the implementation

of an excellent e-government platform Spain ranks

9th as one of the most developed countries in the

world and 5th in Europe.

Spain ranks 9th in the world

and 5th in Europe in e-government

1 Spain, Germany and Ireland are above the European average in radiofrequency identification technology. Data provided by Eurostat.

153

NEW TECHNOLOGY SECTOR

Spain has leading companies that are internationally recognized in the sector

In Spain, the IT sector is composed by approxima-

tely 30,000 companies that employ 445,000 people

and reached a total turnover of 100,828 million Eu-

ros in 20122.

The IT and digital content business, that represented

5.7% of GDP in 2011, experienced an interannual in-

crease in investment despite the slumps that affec-

ted the total turnover volume as well as the employ-

ment and the number of companies involved.

239 million Euros in exports of IT content (Region of Valencia)

IT in Spain : 30,000 companies, 445,000 employees

and101,000 million Euros

Leading Spanish companies

• ThefirstEuropeancompany

and the fifth in the world in

telecommunication in terms of

revenue volume is Spanish. It is

present in 25 different countries and

has a customer base of 312 million.

• Themaincompanyresponsible

for developing global distribution

systems (GDS) and the biggest

transaction processor for the

worldwide travel and tourism

industry is also Spanish.

2 Data provided by the National Observatory for Telecommunication and Information Society, “ONTSI”, 2011-12.

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The IT cluster in the Region of Valencia is characterized by its strategic role for supporting other productive sectors

In the Region of Valencia, the implementation of

new technologies is a priority too. The IT cluster is

strategic since it influences the productivity of all

business sectors. Moreover, it is composed by 11

associations and brings together more than 6,000

companies that employ 77,000 people and that

represent a total turnover of 9,200 million Euros per

year.

In 2012, approximately 36% of the total exports in

the Region of Valencia were related to high or me-

dium technology content. More specifically, in the

same year the number of Valencian IT products

exported reached 239 million Euros (3rd Spanish

region with the highest level of exports of such pro-

ducts). By then, the first export destination of Valen-

cia was France, a total of 37%, that along with Italy

and Germany represented more than 63%.

IT in the Region of Valencia: 6,000 companies,

77,000 employees and 9,200 million Euros

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Valencia: Smart City and City of Science and Innovation

Valencia plays a very important role within the new

technology sector. As a matter of fact, the European

Space Agency, “ESA”, which is based in the Nether-

lands, installed its High Power Radio Frequency (RF)

Laboratory in Valencia in 2010. In addition to this,

the Internet Technical Committee, “ITC”4 has re-

cently appointed a researcher and professor from

the Polytechnic University of Valencia as manager

of the association.

The City of Valencia, which was awarded with the tit-

le “City of Science and Innovation” by the InnPul-

so Network, distinguishes itself as a reference for

RECI (Network of Smart Cities) thanks to innitiatives

such as the augmented reality, the electronic admi-

nistration, the Geo-referenced Information System

(with 230 data layers and 1,200 quality indicators)

or the mobile apps distributed to the citizens as well

as the Mobitrans pilot experience.

Valencia is a highly dynamic city where pioneer

ideas are constantly arising. For instance, one of

the latest projects carried out by the Valencian taxi

drivers: the “smart cabs”, a project that would turn

public transport into a smart service where custo-

mers would be able to pay by means of their mo-

bile phone, find out how long will it take for them to

reach their destination or listen to descriptions of se-

veral monuments of the city in different languages.

The Central Business Register, “CBR”, in Spanish “DIRCE “(Directorio Central de Empresas),

states that, in 2012, the total amount of companies in Valencia dedicated to the manufacture

of computer, electronic and optical products was 260 (9% of the national total). According

to the Valencian Institute of Statistics in 2011, the Region of Valencia was represented by 8%

of Spanish industrial companies dedicated to computer, electronic and optical products

which corresponds to 7% of employment that generates 10% net turnover of the above-stated

companies.

Valencia, host of the European Space Agency

Smart cabs: pioneer transport

project on smart public transport

development

3 Specialist centre in offering solutions for the breakdowns and weaknesses of the satellite and spacecraft microwave circuits and in approving all elements that the European Space Agency sends into space.

4 Global organisation composed by the IEEE Communications Society and the Internet Society, the two biggest contributors to the Internet development from its birth.

156


Flourishing video game industry in Valencia

The specialization in this field and the impetus that

universities give to R&D in IT edge applications, to-

gether with research and technology centres such

as the Institute of Computer Technology, “ITI”,

benefits from a highly qualified staff and the pos-

sibility to transfer the technological progress to the

production sector.

In particular, a very appealing video game indus-

try is developing in Valencia from the hand of the

School of Art and Design, “EASD” in Valencia and,

specially, of the School of Art and Technology,

“ESAT”, which is an international reference offering

the first specific degree in Spain on video game de-

velopment and cooperates with international com-

panies5 such as Sony Computer Entertainment

Europe, “SCEE”.

The video game industry combines creativity with

technology and is establishing itself as a cultural in-

dustry of a higher profitability and growth. In Spain,

this sector surpasses fields such as the film and the

music industry. In 2012, the video game sector re-

presented a turnover of 822 million Euros in Spain.

822million Euros represented the video game industry turnover in Spain in 2012

The School of Art and

Technology in Valencia, ESAT,

offers the first specific degree in

video games in the country

5 Apart from the 4 professional studies and 20 courses that ESAT offers, it currently cooperates with international companies where students develop their own apps both in the video game field and in the design field such as SONY Computer Entertain-ment Europe, AXTRO (development of applications and video games), NERLASKA STUDIO (video game development), EVERIS (IT consultancy services at an international level), VITEWARE (3D developments), OPTIMIZA (energetic optimizations) and ITBOOKS (interactive digital design), among others.

157


Dreamhack, the trade fair that takes place in Valencia has contributed to its positioning as a European reference for electronic leisure

Valencia is home to the Spanish Game Developer

Association which has a leading position in the

technology race and that stands out, both natio-

nally and internationally, due to the events it hosts

such as the National Video Game Congress or the

Dreamhack, the biggest European video game

festival that has taken place in Valencia for 4 con-

secutive years.

In 2013, Valencia has also been home to APP

Trade Centre “ATC”, the first mobile app congress

in Spain where professionals from very different

fields related to the sector participated and exp-

lained the latest features and trends of this emer-

ging sector. According to its coordinators, this pio-

neer event is already an unmissable event in the

mobile app technology sector. It is estimated that

this sectors’ turnover represents approximately

26,000 million dollars in 2013 thanks to the 102,000

million mobile application downloads as stated in

a study carried out by Madvertise.

Valencia is home to the first Gamers Academy

Valencia, venue for the first Mobile Apps congress

158

CREATIVEINDUSTRIES

According to the theory of Professor Richard Florida, the Western Mediterranean brings together the tolerance,

talent and technology requirements for the creative industry and advanced sector development. Thus, the

fact that Valencia has a settled creative industry that belongs to its cultural heritage and that confers the city

a very distinguished personality is not surprising. There are multiple creative expressions related to Valencia,

but it stands out mainly because of its musical tradition and its artistic vision: from its architecture, plasticine

models, decorative ceramic –represented by the company Lladró-, or furniture design, all the way up to the

Fallas; all of them are internationally recognized.

The FallasCreativity and innovation are two concepts that are

closely related to the Valencian character and spirit

by influencing every single sector. A clear example

of the Valencian creative capacity is the festivity of

the Fallas that has been honored with the Internatio-

nal Tourist Interest title and the recognition of the di-

fferent tour guides all around the world. As stated by

Pilot Guides, it is the second best festivity in the world

and according to Travelers Digest, the eighth. The

monuments created during the festivity are large

sculpturesmadebypapiermâché,polyurethaneor

expanded polystyrene that are displayed along the

streets of the city during some days to be finally bur-

ned in commemoration of Saint Joseph on the 19th

of March. The Fallas commissions that are located in

every street corner of the city invigorate the neighbour-

hoods‘ social and cultural life. In the City of Valencia,

there are 400 Fallas commissions, an average of 4

commissions in every neighbourhood.

The Fallas is considered as a festival of International Tourist Interest.

IDIOSYNCRATIC

STRATEGIC CLUSTER

159

CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

Ephemeral art, talent and endless grace

The financial impact of the Fallas in the City of

Valencia represents approximately more than 750

million Euros annually

The world of the Fallas includes many different crea-

tive professions. Headed by the Fallas artists, from

which approximately 220 are officially recognized

by the Professional Union of Fallas Artists, there are

artisans, apprentices, carpenters, painters or sculp-

tors among others. Nowadays, this profession is also

related to design and 3D modeling professionals

that specialize in different areas such as beaux arts,

computer science or that own the specific title Ad-

The Fallas festivity, apart from its unquestionable artis-

tic and cultural value and its uniqueness as a crea-

tive expression, acts as a driving force for the City of

Valencia. Along with the professional union of Fallas

artists that design and create the monuments that

give meaning to the festivity, there are other activities

with a clear creative and traditional element such

as the Valencian apparel, goldsmithing, or pyrote-

chnics that hold up the celebration of the festivity.

Moreover, it generates important synergies such as

music, since this festivity would not be possible wi-

thout the Valencian music bands that occupy the

city during the Fallas.

According to a study carried out by an associa-

tion called Interagrupación de Fallas de Valen-

cia in 2008, the Fallas turnover represents more

vanced Technical Diploma on Fallas Art and Sce-

nography Construction.

The talent of the Fallas workshops is not only addres-

sing to the monuments, but it is also applied in the

field of shop designs and leisure establishments, fair

stands, amusement park themes and TV, cinema,

theatre or events scenography and decoration.

than 750 million Euros annually. More precisely,

when this study was being conducted, this num-

ber reached 753,768,512 Euros. The investment

made by the Fallas Central Board and the mo-

numents of the commissions (close to 13.5 million

Euros) has a big snowball effect since it invigora-

tes other sectors such as hotel industry, tourism,

advertisement, music, pyrotechnics, florists’, attire,

photography, jewellers’, lighting, etc.

The same study also estimated that this cluster

employs 7,580 people, between steady and tem-

porary jobs, during the month of March when the

Fallas take place. In salary terms this represents

90.5 million Euros annually.

The Fallas cluster counts on the support of the VIT Fallas, an innovative network that includes

public institutions, companies, innovation support agencies or research and education

centres related to the Fallas

160

CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

Music is one of the driving forces in the Valencian society, it is part of our culture and is a local identity for us

The music bands related to festivities such as the Fa-

llas, are present in 90% of the Valencian municipa-

lities with more than 200 inhabitants. They represent

the biggest structured association in our territory

and give a boost to an important cultural industry;

musical publishing services, phonography, manu-

facture and repair of musical instruments, teaching,

editorial, etc.

The Region of Valencia possesses 21% of the total

cultural companies dedicated to support, image

and sound and wind instrument manufacturing

and also covers 21% of the formal music education

schools and 19% of the students in the country1.

The Valencia Metropolitan region brings together

60% of the music bands in the Region of Valencia

and generates a production figure (gross value ad-

ded + intermediate consumptions + government

subsidies and aid) of more than 40 million Euros

which places them among the Top 200 Valencian

companies in terms of turnover volume2.

1 Source: Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, Cultural Statistics Yearbook | Year: 20122 Source: RAUSELL, P., COLL, V., MARCO, F. & ABELEDO, R. (2013): “The economic dimension of the cultural nonprofit sector: the

musical societies in the Region of Valencia”, CIRIEC-España, Public, Social and Cooperative Economy Journal.3 Source: Federation of Musical Societies of the Region of Valencia | Year: 2013

The Region of Valencia brings together half of the

music bands in Spain3

More than 500 music bands, 40,000 musiciansand more than150,000 partners in the Region of Valencia2

161

CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

Every year, the City of Valencia international

Band Competition, that has more than 100 years

of experience, brings together the most important

musicians of the world. Likewise, the International

Jazz Festival, convenes the highest representatives

in this field.

The Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia and the Palau de

la Musica are home to opera performances and

internationally recognized concerts and, there-

fore, have an important international relevance

within the music sector.

It is also worth making special mention of the Plá-

cido Domingo Advanced Centre for Singers and

Musicians and the prestigious Berklee College of

Music, which are based in Valencia. More than a

hundred students from 29 different countries take

part in the courses that the school offers: Master in

Music Technology Innovation, Scoring for Film pro-

grammes, Television and Video Games, Contempo-

rary Performance and Global Entertainment and

Music Business, among others.

4 Source: RAUSELL, P., COLL, V., MARCO, F. & ABELEDO, R. (2013): “The economic dimension of the cultural nonprofit sector: the musical societies in the Region of Valencia” CIRIEC-España, Public, Social and Cooperative Economy Journal.

Music bands generate a total turnover that

places them among the Top 200 of the most

important companies in Valencia4

Data from 20104 Alicante Castellon Valencia Region of Valencia

Music societies/music bands 136 76 317 529

total % 26% 14% 60% 100%

Guillermo Cisneros*:

“Valencia is the right place to develop international education projects.”

“Valencia represents the greatest concentration of musical talent in Spain.”

“The quality of life, safety, size and climate make Valencia an exceptional

community. It is an excellent place to live at a very affordable cost.”

* Interview with D. Guillermo Cisneros conducted by the editorial team in charge of writing this document. D. Guillermo Cisneros is the Vice President for Global Initiatives of Berklee College of Music.

A» AANNEX

164A

2 ANNEX

2.1 Territorial organisation

Source: Compiled by author | Spanish Statistics Institute and City of Valencia Statistical Yearbook (population) | 2012

MunicipalityCouncil799,188

The metropolitan area of a large city is the areacovered by its services and activities, outside

of its actual municipal limits. Other municipalities,predominantly urban, with which there is a high

degree of socioeconomic integration are includedas part of it or its area of influence.

Metropolitan Area

Province/ Metropolitan regionaProvincial Council

Autonomous CommunityAutonomous Government

(Valencian Government)

Country Central Government

AreaAdministrative BodyPopulation (2012)*

47,265,321

*Source: Spanish Statistics Institute and Valencia Statistical Yearbook

5,129,266

2,580,792

1,556,688

Metropolitan Region

12

165 A

ANNEX 22.2 Valencia Metropolitan Area

Valencia 799,188

Alaquàs 30,202

Albal 15,721

Albalat dels Sorells 3,911

Alboraya 23,228

Albuixech 3,958

Alcàsser 9,544

Aldaia 30,874

Alfafar 20,852

Alfara del Patriarca 3,182

Almàssera 7,295

Benetússer 14,999

Beniparrell 1,980

Bonrepòs i Mirambell 3,454

Burjassot 38,175

Catarroja 27,697

Emperador 633

Foios 7,034

Godella 13,217

Llocnou de la Corona 165

Manises 31,066

Massalfassar 2,388

Massamagrell 15,550

Source: Compiled by author | City of Valencia Statistical Yearbook. Valencia City Council Statistics Office | 2012

Massanassa 8,809

Meliana 10,666

Mislata 43,800

Moncada 21,953

Museros 6,262

Paiporta 24,506

Paterna 67,356

Picanya 11,319

Picassent 20,265

Pobla de Farnals (la) 7,677

Puçol 19,421

Puig 9,030

Quart de Poblet 25,292

Rafelbuñol/Rafelbunyol 8,670

Rocafort 6,846

SanAntoniodeBenagéber 7,104

Sedaví 10,186

Silla 19,058

Tavernes Blanques 9,335

Torrent 81,402

Vinalesa 3,205

Xirivella 30,213

TOTAL 1,556,688

Population of the Valencia metropolitan area. Unit: inhabitants

22

166A

2.3 Population change

2.4 Metropolitan regions

2 ANNEX

London 13,614,409

Paris 11,914,812

Madrid 6,387,824

Barcelona 5,357,422

Ruhr Region 5,135,136

Berlin 5,097,712

Milan 4,275,216

Rome 4,233,933

Athens 4,109,074

Warsaw 3,271,938

Hamburg 3,228,054

Naples 3,078,408

Budapest 2,985,089

Brussels 2,922,678

Lisbon 2,823,798


Source: Compiled by author | Spanish Statistics Institute and Valencia Statistical Yearbook (population) | 2012

Katowice 2,794,569

Munich 2,727,106

Stuttgart 2,691,666

Manchester 2,682,537

Wien 2,635,990

Lille - Dunkerque - Valenciennes 2,584,126

Frankfurt am Main 2,574,812

Prague 2,521,009

Valencia 2,512,922

Amsterdam 2,405,533

West Midlands 2,397,169

Turin 2,306,833

Bucharest 2,264,865

Stockholm 2,091,473

Marseille 1,982,195

Metropolitan regions in the Mediterranean Arc

Population change. Valencia city, Valencia metropolitan area and Valencia province (metropolitan region). Unit:

inhabitants

EUROSTAT defines 270 metropolitan regions based on territorial agglomerations, which include the suburban belt

around a city. In the case of Spain, a metropolitan region is the equivalent of a province. This territorial unit is wider

than the metropolitan area and is used as the basis for economic analysis in this dossier.

Main metropolitan regions in Europe. Unit: inhabitants

2001 2005 2012 Change 2001-2012

Valencia 738,441 796,549 799,188 8%

Metropolitan area 1,356,701 1,478,186 1,556,688 13%

Valencia Province(Metropolitan region) 2,216,285 2,416,628 2,580,792 14%

22

167 A

2.5 Population of the Valencia’s area of influence

2.6 Spain’s position in the world economy

ANNEX 2

1 USA 16,244.58

2 CHN 8,221.02

3 JPN 5,960.27

4 DEU 3,429.52

5 FRA 2,613.94

6 GBR 2,476.67

7 BRA 2,253.09

8 RUS 2,029.81

Source: Compiled by author | World Bank | 2012

Source: Compiled by author | IMF | 2012

9 ITA 2,014.08

10 IND 1,841.72

11 CAN 1,821.45

12 AUS 1,541.70

13 ESP 1,323.50

14 MEX 1,177.40

15 KOR 1,129.54

The 15 largest economies in the world.

Unit: Billions of $US

Population of the Iberian Peninsula Primary area of influence. Millions of inhabitants

Spain 46.22

Portugal 10.53

56.75

Total population of the area of influence. Millions of inhabitants

Latin America and the Caribbean 581.40

European Union 509.00

Middle East and North Africa* 122.83

1,213.23

* Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Israel.

24

23

168A

2 ANNEX

2.7 Economic forecasts for Spain

Source: Compiled by author | Savings Bank Foundation - FUNCAS | November 2013

GDP Householdconsumption Exports Imports

2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014

Analistas Financieros Internacionales (AFI) -1.3 0.5 -2.8 -0.6 6.2 7.1 -0.4 3.1

Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) -1.3 0.9 -2.6 0.1 4.6 6.3 -1.0 3.4

Bankia -1.3 0.8 -2.7 -0.2 6.3 6.9 -1.0 1.9

CatalunyaCaixa -1.3 0.6 -2.5 0.8 4.6 5.2 -0.9 3.9

Cemex -1.3 0.8 -2.6 0.4 5.1 6.2 -0.8 3.6

Centro de Estudios Economía de Madrid (CEEM-URJC) -1.2 1.1 -2.5 0.1 5.8 5.7 -1.1 1.6

Centro de Predicción Económica (CEPREDE-UAM) -1.2 1.0 -2.7 0.2 5.5 5.4 -0.7 2.4

CEOE -1.2 0.8 -2.7 0.1 6.8 6.0 0.2 1.8

ESADE -1.0 0.5 -2.0 0.1 5.5 4.5 -3.0 1.0

Fundación Cajas de Ahorro (FUNCAS) -1.2 1.0 -2.6 0.3 5.6 6.0 -0.2 1.9

Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico (ICAE-UCM) -1.3 0.6 -2.8 0.0 4.3 6.0 -1.7 2.0

Instituto de Estudios Económicos (IEE) -1.4 0.7 -2.8 -0.1 4.8 6.0 -2.5 1.6

Instituto de Macroeconomía y Finanzas (Universidad CJC) -1.3 0.7 -2.7 -0.2 6.4 4.5 0.6 1.6

Instituto Flores de Lemus (IFL-UC3M) -1.4 0.4 -2.6 0.9 4.2 5.4 -1.3 3.5

Intermoney -1.3 0.6 -2.5 0.4 4.4 4.5 -0.7 2.9

La Caixa -1.2 0.8 -2.7 0.2 5.2 5.6 -0.6 2.4

Repsol -1.3 0.7 -2.5 0.6 5.7 6.4 0.1 3.5

Santander -1.3 0.9 -2.6 0.5 5.5 5.7 -2.1 2.0

Solchaga Recio & asociados -1.2 1.0 -2.5 0.5 5.2 5.6 -1.8 2.1

CONSENSUS (AVERAGE) -1.3 0.8 -2.6 0.2 5.4 5.7 -1.0 2.4

Economic forecasts for Spain from various national institutions and organisations in November 2013. Unit: annual

average change, as a percentage

24

169 A

ANNEX 22.8 Ranking of the most

economically dynamic metropolitan regions(provinces) Spain

2.9 Ranking of exportsand imports by province

Province 2012

BARCELONA 45,034,390.424

MADRID 26,751,781.803

VALENCIA 11,498,179.059

MURCIA 8,858,725.288

VIZCAYA 8,181,450.529

CADIZ 8,179,734.703

CORUNNA 7,908,896.662

TARRAGONA 7,427,227.088

ZARAGOZA 7,420,285.999

NAVARRE 7,016,073.843

Province 2012

BARCELONA 54,039,639.149

MADRID 48,947,179.224

CADIZ 13,832,436.768

MURCIA 12,678,170.219

VALENCIA 11,911,505.079

TARRAGONA 11,876,753.872

HUELVA 10,651,028.848

VIZCAYA 10,016,925.283

CORUNNA 8,331,631.531

VALLADOLID 6,040,868.168

1 Madrid 188,076,436

2 Barcelona 143,029,909

3 Valencia 53,347,298

4 Seville 34,381,913

5 Alicante 34,272,690

Source: Compiled by author | Spanish Statistics Institute | 2010

Source: Compiled by author | ICEX| 2012 Source: Compiled by author | ICEX| 2012

6 Vizcaya 32,862,807

7 Malaga 28,042,595

8 Murcia 27,854,629

9 Balearic Islands 25,963,703

10 Corunna 24,903,831

Ranking of exports by province.

Unit: thousands of euros

Ranking of imports by province.

Unit: thousands of euros

Gross Domestic Product at market prices. 2010. Unit: thousands of euros.

26

170A

2 ANNEX

2.10 Exports from Valencia by product type

Source: Compiled by author | Valencian Statistics Institute | 2012

Exports and shipments by combined nomenclature (CN) code

Valencia metropolitan region. Data in thousands of euros

Sections 2012

17 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT 2,518,381

02 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 2,281,591

16 MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 1,820,955

06 PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES 791,971

04 FOOD PRODUCTS, BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO 734,933

15 BASE METALS AND ARTICLES THEREOF 630,947

07 PLASTICS, RUBBER AND ARTICLES THEREOF 371,209

11 TEXTILES AND TEXTILE ARTICLES 367,610

20 MISCELLANEOUS GOODS AND PRODUCTS 347,087

22 UNCLASSIFIED 301,874

13 ARTICLES MADE OF STONE AND CEMENT, ETC.; CERAMICS; GLASS 256,505

05 MINERAL PRODUCTS 243,326

01 LIVE ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 203,977

08 SKINS, HIDES AND ARTICLES THEREOF 124,377

14 NATURAL PEARLS, PRECIOUS STONES AND METALS 110,853

09 WOOD, CORK AND ARTICLES OF CORK 106,372

18 OPTICAL, PHOTOGRAPHIC AND CINEMATOGRAPHIC ARTICLES; PRECISION APPARATUS 98,157

10 PAPER, RAW MATERIALS AND ARTICLES THEREOF 77,223

03 FATS AND OILS AND THEIR CLEAVAGE PRODUCTS; WAXES 62,885

12 FOOTWEAR; HEADGEAR; UMBRELLAS; ARTIFICIAL FEATHERS 32,947

19 WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION 12,462

21 WORKS OF ART, COLLECTORS' ITEMS OR ANTIQUES 2,869

TOTAL EXPORTS AND SHIPMENTS 11,498,529

26

171 A

ANNEX 22.11 Foreign direct investment

2.12 Main destinations for foreign direct investment in Spain

Country IED Position2011

USA 167,620 1

CHN 121,080 2

HKG 74,584 4

BRA 65,272 5

VGB 64,896 7

GBR 62,351 10

AUS 56,959 6

SGP 56,651 8

RUS 51,416 9

Canada 45,375 12

Source: Compiled by author | UNCTAD| 2012

Source: Compiled by author | fDi Intelligence, Financial Times | January 2003 - September 2013

Country IED Position 2011

CHL 30,323 17

IRL 29,318 32

LUX 27,878 18

ESP 27,750 16

IND 25,543 14

FRA 25,093 13

IDN 19,853 21

COL 15,823 28

KAZ 14,022 27

SWE 13,711 38

Cumulative values. January 2003 - September 2013. Unit: millions of $

Foreign direct investment flows (FDI). Main recipient countries worldwide

Unit: millions of $

Projects Invested capital Jobs created No. companies

952 28,177.5 87,657 826

848 32,071.3 94,652 705

179 7,716.5 24,979 145

102 5,918.9 15,505 85

100 4,782.6 14,485 90

100 4,533.3 12,644 93

83 4,118.1 6,880 57

63 4,113.4 6,466 60

54 3,018.7 6,112 37

Metropolitan regions

Madrid

Barcelona

Valencia

Seville

Zaragoza

Malaga

Tarragona

Vizcaya

Asturias

Alicante 53 1,974.4 7,103 48

28

172A

2 ANNEX


Number of companies by number of employees in the Valencia metropolitan region (province) and Spain. Unit:

number of companies (businesses with no employees are not included).

Number of companies in the main metropolitan regions/provinces in Spain (not including businesses with no

employees) and the number of companies with more than 100 employees.

2.13 Corporate structureof Valencian companies

2.14 Ranking of companies inmetropolitan regions

2012 Valencia Spain

1 to 2 employees 48,702 867,550

3 to 5 employees 15,560 288,896

6 to 9 employees 6,980 131,944

10 to 19 employees 4,306 79,113

20 to 49 employees 2,292 43,070

50 to 99 employees 699 12,700

100 to 199 employees 346 6,434

200 to 499 employees 179 3,214

500 to 999 employees 41 935

1,000 to 4,999 employees 34 669

5,000 or more employees 4 105

Total 79,143 1,434,630

2012 Valencia Spain

Micro companies < 10 employees 90.0% 89.8%

Small (10-49 employees) 8.3% 8.5%

Medium (50-249 employees) 1.3% 1.3%

Large companies (> 250 employees) 0.3% 0.3%

Total 2012 > 100employees %

Madrid 202,108 3,081 27%

Barcelona 187,337 2,096 18%

Valencia 79,143 604 5%

Alicante 57,322 209 2%

Seville 50,911 365 3%

Malaga 48,740 216 2%

Murcia 42,249 281 2%

Balearic Islands 39,027 225 2%

Vizcaya 39,269 389 3%

Corunna 36,254 255 2%

Asturias 31,857 183 2%


Total 2012 > 100employees %

30,458 247 2%

33,368 170 1%

29,123 224 2%

29,298 200 2%

28,574 117 1%

28,300 139 1%

25,002 103 1%

25,829 223 2%

Palmas, Las

Pontevedra

Zaragoza

Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Cadiz

Girona

Granada

Guipúzcoa

Tarragona 24,606 140 1%

TOTAL - SPAIN 1,434,630 11,357 100%

29

173 A

Companies in the Valencia metropolitan region with turnover of more than one million euros

2.15 Distribution of companies in the Valencia metropolitan region by CNAE code

Field of activity(primary code

CNAE 2009) Description

% net turnover 2011

47 Retail (excluding vehicles) 28.56%

46 Wholesale (excluding vehicles) 20.11%

29 Vehicle manufacturing 8.01%

10 Food industry 4.53%

41 Building construction 2.81%

52 Storage and transport 2.71%

45 Vehicle sale and repair 2.45%

20 Chemical industry 2.08%

24 Metal working 1.91%

49 Land transport 1.85%

22 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 1.61%

43 Specialised construction 1.57%

11 Manufacture of beverages 1.52%

25 Manufacture of metal products 1.31%

86 Healthcare 1.15%

01 Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities 1.01%

17 Paper industry 1.00%

35 Energy 0.93%

68 Real estate business 0.87%

51 Air transport 0.82%

13 Textile industry 0.80%

23 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products 0.73%

42 Civil engineering 0.65%

16 Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture 0.56%

71 Architectural and engineering technical services 0.56%

27 Manufacture of electrical equipment and material 0.52%

36 Water collection, treatment and supply 0.52%

28 Manufacture of machinery and equipment (others) 0.52%

31 Manufacture of furniture 0.51%

ANNEX 2

30

174A

2 ANNEX

Field of activity(primary code


% net turnover 2011

56 Food and beverage serving services 0.47%

82 Office administrative activities 0.43%

81 Services to buildings and landscaping 0.41%

50 Maritime transport 0.40%

32 Other manufacturing 0.38%

93 Sporting and recreational activities 0.35%

77 Rental activities 0.35%

38 Collection and treatment of waste 0.32%

64 Financial services 0.32%

92 Gambling and betting activities 0.30%

26 Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products 0.29%

30 Manufacture of other transport equipment 0.28%

70 Head offices and management consultancy 0.27%

18 Printing and reproduction 0.22%

66 Activities auxiliary to financial services 0.22%

87 Residential care activities 0.21%

73 Advertising and market research 0.20%

15 Leather and footwear industry 0.17%

74 Other scientific and technical activities 0.16%

55 Accommodation services 0.15%

62 Programming and IT consulting 0.15%

59 Cinema, audiovisuals and music 0.15%

78 Employment activities 0.13%

85 Education 0.13%

69 Legal and accounting activities 0.12%

14 Manufacture of apparel 0.11%

79 Travel agencies 0.11%

33 Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 0.11%

08 Other mining and quarrying 0.11%

80 Security and investigation activities 0.10%

58 Publishing: books, video games and computer programs 0.10%

72 Research and development 0.09%

88 Social work activities 0.06%

61 Telecommunications 0.06%

63 Information services 0.06%

96 Other professional services 0.06%

30

175 A

ANNEX 2Field of activity(primary code


% net turnover 2011

19 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products 0.04%

02 Logging 0.04%

90 Creative, arts and entertainment activities 0.03%

60 Programming and radio and TV broadcasting activities 0.03%

84 Public administration and defence 0.03%

39 Decontamination and management of waste 0.02%

21 Manufacture of pharmaceutical products 0.02%

94 Activities of membership organisations 0.02%

53 Postal and courier activities 0.01%

95 Repair of computers and others 0.01%

37 Collection and treatment of sewage 0.01%

75 Veterinary activities 0.01%

03 Fishing and aquaculture 0.01%

65 Insurance, reinsurance and pension funds. 0.00%



Percentage of the sample total, companies in the Valencia metropolitan region with turnover of more than a

million euros.

2.16 CNAE codes for which Valencia does not have any companies with turnover of more than a million euros

05 Mining of coal and lignite

06 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas

07 Mining of metal ores

09 Mining support service activities

12 Manufacture of tobacco products

91 Libraries, archives, museums and other activities

97 Activities of households as employers of domestic personnel

98 Undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of private households for own use

99 Activities provided by extraterritorial organisations and bodies

30

176A


2 ANNEX

2.17 Ranking of the 30 largest companies in Valencia province

Position Company CNAE code

1 MERCADONA SA 47

2 FORD ESPAÑA 29

3 CONSUM S COOP V 47

4 ORO DIRECT SALE SL 46

5 ARCELORMITTAL SAGUNTO SL 24

6 AIR NOSTRUM LINEAS AEREAS DEL MEDITERRANEO SA 51

7 MARTINEZ LORIENTE SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 10

8 ANECOOP S COOP 46

9 COMPAÑIA LEVANTINA DE BEBIDAS GASEOSAS, SA 11

10 CENTRO FARMACEUTICO, SL 46

11 MAICERIAS ESPAÑOLAS SA 46

12 AUTOPISTAS AUMAR SOCIEDAD ANONIMA CONCESIONARIA DEL ESTADO 52

13 GRUPO ROS CASARES SL 46

14 FONT SALEM SL 11

15 REFRESCO IBERIA SA 11

16 ROQUETTE LAISA ESPAÑA, SA 10

17 SADA P A VALENCIA SA 01

18 BAYER CROPSCIENCE SL 20

19 PRODUCTOS DULCESOL SL 46

20 DESARROLLOS ALIMENTARIOS FRESCOS SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 46

21 BANKIA HABITAT SL. 68

22 RIBERA SALUD SA 86

23 TERNIUM INTERNACIONAL ESPAÑA SL 46

24 AMCOR FLEXIBLES ESPAÑA SL 17

25 MEDITERRANEAN SHIPPING COMPANY ESPAÑA SL 52

26 CYES INFRAESTRUCTURAS SA 41

27 PAVASAL EMPRESA CONSTRUCTORA SA 42

28 IMPORTACO SA 46

29 SANLUCAR FRUIT SL 46

30 EUROGROUP ESPAÑA FRUTAS Y VERDURAS SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 01

NOTE: Selection of the top 30 companies in Valencia, in order of largest to smallest, by net turnover in 2011, as sta-

ted in the annual accounts filed in the Companies Registry. The Ford factory has been included in this list, despite

the fact that its registered office is in Madrid, because the factory is in Valencia and, as it is the driving force behind

the motor industry cluster, it creates jobs and wealth directly in our region.

31

177 A

ANNEX 3

Girona

BarcelonaTarragona

Francia

Portugal

Castellónde la Plana

Cádiz

Algeciras

Málaga

Granada

Almería

Alicante

Murcia

Cartagena

VALENCIA

Girona

Lleida

Barcelona

Tarragona

Teruel

Cuenca

Bilbao

Lisboa

San Sebastián

Francia

Portugal

PamplonaVitoria

HuescaLogroño

Castellónde la Plana Palma de

Mallorca

Soria

Zaragoza

Salamanca

Segovia

Ávila

Guadalajara

Madrid

A Coruña

Ferrol

Santiagode Compostela

Pontevedra

Vigo

Lugo

Ourense

Oviedo

Avilés Gijón Santander

Palencia

Valladolid

Zamora

LeónBurgos

Badajoz

Cáceres

Ciudad Real

Toledo

Huelva

Córdoba

Sevilla

Cádiz

Algeciras

Málaga

Jaén

Granada

Almería

Alicante

Murcia

Cartagena

Albacete

VALENCIA

Lleida

Barcelona

Tarragona

Teruel

Cuenca

Bilbao

San Sebastián

Francia

Portugal

PamplonaVitoria

HuescaLogroño

Zaragoza

Segovia Guadalajara

Madrid

VALENCIA

3.1 Network map

Source | Compiled by author

The development of communications affects the territorial configuration, forming a mesh of interrelationships clo-

ser to the current complexity of exchanges. We have changed from industrial foci, which connected the

produc-tive north, through Zaragoza, with the Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia markets, to a Mediterranean Arc

focused on tourism and advanced secondary production which, although it stitched the east coast together,

hardly con-nected with the interior; and finally to an articulated network that allows connection with both interior

foci (Madrid and the north) and the arc’s former route, as well as the southern quadrant. It is an integrated

platform in which Valencia is a fundamental node.

Valencia’s geostrategic position. Evolution of territorial relationships

Industrial era Mediterranean Arc

The Information Era

36

178A

3 ANNEX

3.2 Isochrone map - working population within reach by

land

* 5 hours and 40 minutes is taken as a reference, as it is the time it takes to travel from Barcelona to Madrid by

road. (As it is an estimate, overall data for each province (metropolitan region) have been used. If the isochro-

ne reaches the provincial capital it is considered to reach the entire population).

Source: Compiled by author | Spanish Statistics Institute and Google maps | Autumn 2013

Isochrone Working population % of national total cumulative % Provincial capitals

1 hour 2,021,300 8.9% 9%Valencia, Castellon

and Alicante (half of its population)

2 hours 1,222,600 5.4% 14%Alicante (half of its popu-lation), Teruel, Albacete, Cuenca and Tarrragona

3 hours 7,583,900 33.4% 48%Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Barcelona,

Lleida, Madrid and Murcia

4 hours 1,743,000 7.7% 55%Almeria, Jaen, Huesca,

Segovia, Soria, Guadala-jara, Toledo and Girona

5 hours 2,417,000 10.6% 66%

Cordoba, Granada, Avi-la, Burgos, Salamanca, Valladolid, Pamplona, Vitoria, San Sebastian

and Logroño

maximum 5 hours and 40 minutes* 2,564,200 11.3% 77%

Malaga, Seville, Palen-cia, Zamora, Caceres

and Bilbao

National total 22,728,000

38

179 A

ANNEX 33.3 Railway connections

Source: ADIF and the Ministry of Public Works | 2013

Railway connections. Goods. Map of railway stations with logistic and technical facilities.

International gauge in 2015

International gauge

Conventional network, double track

Conventional network, single track

Metric gauge

3.4 Complemented byZaragoza inland container terminal

The promotion of the Valencia-Aragon connection is intended to encourage the proliferation of new operations

between the two regions. This particularly true of the motor industry, steel, and food and agriculture industries.

The most recent example of this is the implementation of vehicle transport by train from Zaragoza to Valencia

Port’s European Terminal. This is in line with the European Commission’s transport policy and combines rail

and short-sea shipping. In this case cars will be shipped to Italy from Valencia's Port, which will notably reduce

congestion on European roads.

In 2015, all of the railway lines in the Mediterranean

Corridor will have been adapted to UIC gauge.

42

40

180A

3.5 General featuresof Valencia's Port

3.6 Goods trafficthrough ports

Source: City of Valencia Statistical Yearbook | 2011

Source: Compiled by author | Ministry of Public Works | 2006-2012

Land area and storage area Length (m) of quays and moorings

Total (m2) 4,723,247 Commercial docks 9,659

Tanks 2,955,478 Draught of less than 8 m 475

Outdoor 2,795,187 Draught of 8 to 10 m 980

Indoor and open 11,789 Draught of 10 to 12 m 1,444

Enclosed 148,502 Draught of more than 12 m 6,760

Roads 661,044 Fishing docks 212

Rest 1,106,725 America's Cup Dock 3,490

Sailing Club Dock 3,640

Port Authority 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Valencia 21.7% 30.6% 32.0% 34.0% 34.7% 33.9% 34.2%

Barcelona 19.2% 24.7% 24.9% 22.2% 21.9% 21.9% 20.5%

Bilbao 4.3% 8.4% 8.6% 8.2% 8.9% 9.2% 9.5%

Las Palmas 10.9% 8.2% 7.5% 7.8% 7.4% 7.2% 6.5%

Algeciras 27.0% 2.5% 2.5% 2.8% 3.1% 4.1% 5.7%

Containers loaded and unloaded (national and overseas) from the main Spanish ports as a percentage of the

national total

43

181 A

Total number of containersin Spain


National/overseas contai-ner volume

Port Authority National/Overseas Transit

Valencia 2,049,124 2,280,701

Barcelona 1,153,973 435,817

Bilbao 545,143 1,134

Algeciras 338,654 3,707,953

Vigo 166,551 8,390

Castellón 154,812 793

Las Palmas 78,631 790,232

Tarragona 64,732 102,083

Bahía de Cádiz 57,899 916

Cartagena 49,070 32

Gijón 40,660 0

Santa Cruz de Tenerife 39,130 4,989

Alicante 38,125 3,035

Total number of containers in the main Spanish ports. Figures in TEU. Year 2012

Valencia

Castellón

Tarragona

Alicante

Cartagena

AlgecirasCadiz

Santa Cruzde Tenerife

Las Palmas

Barcelona

BilbaoGijón

Vigo

43

182A

3 ANNEX

3.7 International traffic in TEU


Source: Compiled by author | Containerisation

International Yearbook | Year: 2011

Port 2012

Rotterdam 10,938,505

Hamburg 8,890,713

Antwerp 8,174,374

Bremerhaven 6,111,200

Valencia 4,470,506

Algeciras 4,098,683

Gioia Tauro 3,725,193

Felixstowe 3,367,693

Piraeus 2,815,064

Barcelona 1,745,445

Genoa 1,577,567

Southampton 1,439,482

Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 1,194,346

La Spezia 1,180,751

Gdansk 933,426

Zeebrugge 930,119

Gothenburg 921,772

London 685,682

Constanta 675,403

Gdynia 658,735

Port 2012

Valencia 4,327

Port Said 4,269

Algeciras 3,603

Ambarli 2,700

Marsaxlokk/Malta 2,360

Gioia Tauro 2,305

Tangier 2,072

Barcelona 2,033

Genoa 1,847

Pireus 1,688

Dammam 1,597

Alexandria 1,347

La Spezia 1,307

Haifa 1,235

Ashdod 1,168

Mersin 1,140

Beirut 1,034

Damietta 1,019

Marseille 944

TEU of traffic in the main European

ports. Figures in TEU.

TEU of traffic in the main Mediterranean

ports. Figures in thousands of TEU

45

183 A

ANNEX 33.8 Passenger traffic through ports

Source: Compiled by author | Ministry of Public Works | 2008, 2011, 2012

Source: Compiled by author | Ministry of Public Works | 2008, 2011, 2012

Port Authority 2011-2012 2008-2012

Balearic Islands -9.87% -5.60%

Bahía de Algeciras 7.27% -5.67%

Santa Cruz de Tenerife -7.26% -0.66%

Barcelona -11.06% 5.44%

Las Palmas 11.54% 32.41%

Ceuta 3.37% -32.21%

Malaga -4.61% 28.66%

Melilla 20.82% 33.75%

Valencia 7.99% 44.01%

Almería -27.79% -60.40%

Bahía de Cádiz -10.24% 29.12%

Alicante -12.41% -18.07%

Port Authority 2011-2012 2008-2012

Barcelona -9.69% 13.88%

Balearic Islands -27.21% -3.53%

Santa Cruz de Tenerife 6.47% 37.06%

Las Palmas 8.63% 30.78%

Malaga 1.94% 45.82%

Valencia 21.19% 58.49%

Bahía de Cádiz -11.95% 32.72%

Vigo -5.53% 9.99%

Corunna 8.75% 59.18%

Cartagena -4.96% 57.85%

Alicante -37.56% -4.65%

Bilbao -17.27% 43.71%

Growth in passenger traffic in the main Spanish ports.

2008 - 2012

2008 - 2012

Growth in traffic in cruise ship passengers in the main Spanish ports.

+

+

45

184A

3 ANNEX

3.9 Journey time from the airport to the city centre

Source: Compiled by author | Google maps |2013

Airport City

Journey time

Privatevehicle

Publictransport

Manises Valencia 14 25El Altet Alicante 16 n.a.Atlanta I.A. Atlanta 16 38Frankfurt A. Frankfurt 16 10Malaga I.A. Malaga 16 17Midway I.A. Chicago 17 48Al Twar Dubai 17 20San Francisco I.A. San Francisco 17 60Copenhagen A. Copenhagen 18 17William P. Hobby A. Houston 18 53Chhatrapati Shivaji I.A. Mumbai 18 57Sidney I.A. Sidney 18 35El Prat Barcelona 19 33Bern-Belp Berne 19 27O.R. Tambo Johannesburg 19 n.a.La Guardia New York 19 41Schönefeld Berlin 21 36Barajas Madrid 21 11Newark New York 21 22Schiphol Amsterdam 23 16Orly Paris 23 n.a.Pearson I.A. Toronto 23 61O’Hare I.A. Chicago 24 59Ataturk Istanbul 24 n.a.Ciampino Rome 24 80Singapore I.A. Singapore 24 92Melbourne I.A. Melbourne 24 n.a.Los Angeles I.A. Los Angeles 25 74Haneda Tokyo 27 56Suvarmabhumi Bangkok 28 63Lantau Hong Kong 28 79Guarulhos Sao Paolo 28 118Baiyun I.A. Guangzhou 29 74Sultán Abdul Aziz Shah I.A. Kuala Lumpur 29 180Heathrow London 30 30JFK New York 30 44Beijing I.A. Beijing 31 103Ministro Pistarini Buenos Aires 31 n.a.Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Denver 31 74Munich I.A. Munich 31 40Cairo I.A. Cairo 32 n.a.Charles-de-Gaulle Paris 33 n.a.Luton London 34 40Fiumicino Rome 34 31Soekorno-Hatta Jakarta 35 129Sheremetievo Moscow 35 40Pudong I.A. Shanghai 43 120Stansted London 50 48Domodiedovo Moscow 50 75Gatwick London 60 57Average 26.3 55.5

Journey time from each airport to the city centre.

Unit: minutes

The average travel times

in a private vehicle and

public transport were

calculated for a list of 50

airports selected from

among the Spanish and

international airports

with the highest traffic

and/or profile.

46

185 A

ANNEX 3

Airportof origin

Number of destinations: Absolute values Percentage

America America

Spain Europe Africa Asia North Central South Total Spain Europe Africa Asia North Central South Total

Valencia 12 27 1 1 0 0 0 41 29.27% 65.85% 2.44% 2.44% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00%

Alicante 9 70 2 0 0 0 0 81 11.11% 86.42% 2.47% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00%

Madrid 28 68 17 11 11 9 14 158 17.72% 43.04% 10.76% 6.96% 6.96% 5.70% 8.86% 100.00%

Valencia +Madrid +Alicante (ex.duplication)

28 110 17 11 11 9 14 200 14.00% 55.00% 8.50% 5.50% 5.50% 4.50% 7.00% 100.00%

Malaga 12 77 1 1 0 0 0 91 13.19% 84.62% 1.10% 1.10% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00%

Barcelona 23 97 10 9 6 0 3 148 15.54% 65.54% 6.76% 6.08% 4.05% 0.00% 2.03% 100.00%

Seville 13 15 1 0 0 0 0 29 44.83% 51.72% 3.45% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00%

Bilbao 14 13 0 1 0 0 0 28 50.00% 46.43% 0.00% 3.57% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00%

3.10 Air traffic - Spanish airports

3.11 Destination by outbound airport

Source: Compiled by author | AENA | 2012



Madrid Barcelona Malaga Alicante Valencia Bilbao Seville Rest Total - Spain

national 14,486,737 11,451,160 2,409,539 1,409,154 1,612,218 2,729,282 2,827,278 29,803,407 66,728,775

international 30,615,391 23,640,200 10,122,165 7,429,695 3,122,337 1,432,797 1,441,585 48,636,073 126,440,243

Total 45,102,128 35,091,360 12,531,704 8,838,849 4,734,555 4,162,079 4,268,863 78,439,480 193,169,018

Madrid Barcelona Malaga Alicante Valencia Bilbao Seville Rest Total - Spain

national 41,186 8,334 873 2,011 3,712 1,790 4,330 57,826 120,062

international 317,941 86,122 1,838 514 7,356 473 443 90,718 505,406

Total 359,127 94,456 2,711 2,526 11,068 2,262 4,774 148,544 625,467

Passenger air traffic in the largest international airports in Spain

Goods air traffic (T) in the largest international airports in Spain

Number of destination airports

47

46

186A

4 ANNEX

4.1 Unit labour costs

Source: Compiled by author | Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development | 2011

Annual unit labour costs (ULCs) are calculated as the quotient

of total labour costs and real output. Time series are presented

in both level and index form where the base year of real output

is 2010.

Unit labour costs 2012. Index va-lue 100

Unit labour costsSpain 2012

98.04

IRL

GRC

ESPSWE

EST

PRT

SVN

DNK

SVKCZEJPN

OECD - EuropePOLAUTITA

FRANLDDEUGBR

OECD - TotalHUN

G7ISR

USABELFIN

AUSKORLUX

NORISL

97.07

97.16

98.04

98.84

98.96

99.09

99.45

100.07

100.13

100.26

100.63

100.66100.70100.72100.76100.87101.10101.28101.33

101.37

101.46

101.55

102.01

102.13

102.34

102.39

102.49

102.81

103.74

105.13

106.00

index

100

52

187 A

ANNEX 44.2 Comparison of average annual wages

Figures in US dollars at constant 2011 prices

Source: Compiled by author | Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development | 2011

Average annual wages 2011.

Average annualwages

Spain 2011

37,583

POLHUN

ESTSVKCZEPRT

GRCKORSVN

ISRESPITA

arithmetic averageDEUFRAGBRJPNAUTFIN

USASWECAN

BELNLD

IRLDNKLUXAUS

NORCHE

13,811

14,177

14,95515,51316,92222,54928,43429,05330,67635,87237,58339,11246,25246,98447,70450,36651,61352,40453,06954,45054,45956,00856,25257,00166,88273,03273,20374,51281,47593,235

52

188A

4 ANNEX

4.3 Average annual earnings per worker

4.4 Labour market guide

Source: Compiled by author | Hays Labour Market Guide | 2013

Sales and marketing positions. Industry sector Euros/year

Above the national average

Average for Spain (+-2.7%)

Below the average for Spain

Experience Barcelona Madrid Valencia

Marketing Manager

5-10 years 50,000 50,000 45,000

> 10 years 70,000 70,000 55,000

Senior Product Manager 5-10 years 45,000 50,000 40,000

Junior Product Manager 2-5 years 38,000 40,000 32,000

Sales Manager > 10 years 80,000 80,000 65,000

Marketing technician 2-5 years 30,000 30,000 25,000

Valencia

Barcelona

Madrid


53

52

189 A

ANNEX 4

4.5 Average house prices, rental and purchase

Source: Compiled by author | Idealista.com | Autumn 2013

Source: Compiled by author | Hays Labour Market Guide | 2013

Financial positions. Industry sector Euros/year

Experience Barcelona Madrid Valencia

Finance Manager

2-5 years 55,000 58,000 45,000

5-10 years 65,000 70,000 50,000

> 10 years 75,000 80,000 65,000

Cash Manager

2-5 years 48,000 50,000 40,000

5-10 years 55,000 58,000 50,000

> 10 years 65,000 70,000 58,000

Financial Controller

2-5 years 35,000 35,000 30,000

5-10 years 45,000 45,000 38,000

> 10 years 55,000 60,000 50,000

Autumn 2013 /m2 Madrid Barcelona Valencia

Rental 10.8 10.8 6.38

Sale 3,087 3,178 1,685

Madrid and Barcelona data: average prices /m2 in September 2013 stated in the report by Idealista.com, a

property website

Valencia data: weighted average prices /m2 for districts in Valencia in October 2013, taken from the website

idealista.com in October 2013

53

190A

4 ANNEX

4.6 Energy costs

Industrial gas prices (ex. taxes) Unit: Euros/KWh

4 ANNEX

Source: Compiled by author | Eurostat | 2nd half 2012

ROU

TUR

GBR

CZE

BEL

EST

NLD

ESP

POL

AUT

EU-27

BGR

FRA

ITA

LVA

SVK

Eurozone

IRL

PRT

LTU

HRV

FIN

DEU

LUX

HUN

SVN

SWE

MKD

BIH

GRC

DNK

0.026

0.030

0.033

0.034

0.035

0.036

0.037

0.038

0.038

0.039

0.040

0.040

0.040

0.040

0.040

0.041

0.042

0.042

0.042

0.046

0.046

0.048

0.049

0.051

0.051

0.055

0.055

0.055

0.057

0.058

0.070

53

191 A

ANNEX 44.7 Cost of telecommunications


Cost of local calls. The indicator gives the price in euro of a 10-mi-

nute call at 11 am on a weekday (including VAT) for respectively a

local call.

USA

DNK

BGR

CYP

ITA

ROU

EST

MLT

DEU

SVN

SWE

ESP

LUX

GRC

JPN

FIN

FRA

LVA

PRT

LTU

EU-27

HUN

POL

AUT

IRL

NLD

BEL

CZE

SVK

GBR

0.08

0.13

0.16

0.18

0.22

0.24

0.25

0.25

0.29

0.29

0.29

0.30

0.31

0.32

0.33

0.34

0.36

0.36

0.37

0.39

0.41

0.46

0.51

0.54

0.58

0.60

0.63

0.65

0.75

0.77

Unit: Euros/10-minute call

ANNEX 4

53

192A

4 ANNEX

4.8 Territorial scope

Source: City of Valencia observatory

4 ANNEX

55

193 A

ANNEX 44.9 Industrial estates

Source: Compiled by author | 2013

ANNEX 4

Lugar nuevo de la Corona

Alcàsser

Massanassa

Benetússer

Albal

Beniparrell

Paiporta

Xirivella

Rocafort

Picassent

Torrent

Aldaia

Manises

Paterna

Alboraya

Tavernes Blanques

AlmàsseraBonrepòs i Mirambell

Meliana

Albalat dels Sorells

Sedaví

Alfafar

Catarroja

Picanya

Rafelbunyol

Museros

Alfara del Patriarca

Foios

Godella

Quart de Poblet

Burjassot

Vinalesa

Albuixech

La Pobla de Farnals

Puig

Puçol

Massalfassar

Massamagrell

VALÈNCIA

Mislata

Moncada

San Antoniode Benageber

Emperador

Silla

Alaquàs

Loriguilla

Ribarroja del Turia

Villamarxant

Benaguasil

Lliria

Domeño

Benisanó

Pobla deVallbona

Eliana

Bétera

Moncada

Almussafes

SollanaBenifaió

Alginet

Carlet

Fortaleny

55

194A

4.10 Minimum wage


LUX

BEL

NLD

IRL

FRA

GBR

USA

SVN

ESP

MLT

GRC

PRT

TUR

POL

HRV

HUN

SVK

EST

CZE

LTU

LVA

BGR

ROU

1,874

1,502

1,469

1,462

1,430

1,264

998

784

753

697

684

566

429

377

374

341

338

320

312

290

287

159

157

Comparison of countries’ minimum wages. Unit: Euros/month

4 ANNEX

56

195 A

4.11 Summary of the Spanish tax system

Source: Compiled by author Versis | 2013

Without going into the special systems that exist in some autono-

mous communities, the direct and indirect taxes in the Spanish tax

system at national, regional and local level are summarised in the

table below:

Regulatory Capacity Management Capacity Unused Management Capacity Revenue-raising Powers

National Common system Autonomous Com. Municipalities

Direct taxes

Income tax - IRPF

Corporation tax - IS

Non-Residents’ Income Tax - IRNR

Inheritance and Gift Tax

Real Estate Tax

Economic Activity Tax

Vehicle Tax

Capital Gains Tax on Urban Land

Regional taxes

Indirect taxes

Value Added Tax - VAT

Excise Duties

Alcohol and Alcoholic Beverages

Beer

Intermediate products

Tobacco products

Hydrocarbons

Means of transport

Electricity

Tax on Insurance Premiums

Foreign Trade

Property Transfer Tax

Stamp Duty

Duty on Retail Saleof certain Hydrocarbons

Canary Islands Indirect Tax

Gambling Taxes

Regional Taxes

Tax on Constructions, Facilities and Works

ANNEX 4

58

196A

4 ANNEX

4.12 Tax burden

Source: Compiled by author | Commission services | 2011

Total taxes(including SSC) as % of GDP

Total taxes(excluding SSC) as % of GDP

% 2011 2011 revenuemillions of % 2011 2011 revenue

millions of

LTU 26.0 8,024 16.2 5,005

BGR 27.2 10,484 19.9 7,667

LVA 27.6 5,568 19.0 3,839

ROU 28.2 37,055 19.2 25,244

SVK 28.5 19,723 16.3 11,244

IRL 28.9 45,960 23.9 38,042

ESP 31.4 334,016 19.3 204,986

GRC 32.4 67,522 21.8 45,384

POL 32.4 119,933 21.0 77,564

EST 32.8 5,239 20.7 3,305

PRT 33.2 56,766 23.9 40,826

MLT 33.5 2,193 27.4 1,793

CZE 34.4 53,803 19.1 29,764

CYP 35.2 6,322 26.5 4,756

Arithmetic average EU-27 35.7 24.8

ISL 35.9 3,621 31.8 3,207

GBR 36.1 631,521 29.5 514,863

HUN 37.0 36,931 23.9 23,825

LUX 37.2 15,856 26.1 11,145

SVN 37.2 13,466 22.2 8,030

NLD 38.4 231,004 23.6 142,206

DEU 38.7 1,002,620 23.1 600,070

Weighted average EU-27 38.8 26.2

AUT 42.0 126,448 27.5 82,690

ITA 42.5 671,489 29.1 459,965

NOR 42.5 150,001 33.0 116,534

FIN 43.4 82,232 30.9 58,519

FRA 43.9 876,343 27.0 539,653

BEL 44.1 163,064 29.8 110,335

SWE 44.3 171,839 37.3 144,553

DNK 47.7 114,641 46.7 112,211

Total Taxes (including SSC) as % of GDP

Taxes (excluding SSC) as % of GDP

Units: % of GDP and millions of Euros

58

197 A

ANNEX 44.13 Tax incentives for investment. OECD comparison

Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard | OECD | 2013

*SMEs: small and medium-sized enterprises

The tax subsidy rate is calculated

as 1 minus the B-index, a measure

of the before-tax income needed

to break even on USD 1 of R&D

outlays (Warda, 2001). It is based

on responses from national finan-

ce/tax/innovation authorities and

R&D statistical agencies to the

OECD questionnaire on R&D tax in-

centives and also draws on other

publicly available information.

Benchmark tax data information,

including statutory corporate in-

come tax rates, is obtained from

the OECD Tax Database, basic

(non-targeted) corporate income

tax rates, May 2013.

Rate of tax benefits applicable to R&D expenses

Profit-makinglarge

companies

Profit-makingSMEs

Loss-makinglarge

companies

Loss-ma-king

SMEs

PRT 0.49 0.62 0.38 0.48

FRA 0.28 0.51 0.23 0.51

ESP 0.38 0.38 0.30 0.30

CHL 0.35 0.35 0.28 0.28

NLD 0.14 0.34 0.13 0.32

CAN 0.18 0.33 0.14 0.33

HUN 0.33 0.33 0.16 0.16

IRL 0.29 0.29 0.23 0.23

FIN 0.28 0.28 0.22 0.22

GBR 0.08 0.28 0.06 0.28

BRA 0.26 0.26 -0.01 -0.01

KOR 0.10 0.26 0.07 0.21

NOR 0.22 0.25 0.22 0.25

ZAF 0.22 0.22 0.17 0.17

CZE 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.15

AUS 0.12 0.18 0.09 0.18

SVN 0.18 0.18 0.14 0.14

BEL 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14

JPN 0.14 0.15 0.05 0.06

CHN 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.11

AUT 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12

USA 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06

POL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DNK -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01

LUX -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01

MEX -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01

SVK -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01

SWE -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01

CHE -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01

DEU -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02

NZL -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01

59

198A

4 ANNEX

There are tax incentives available in Spain for businesses. These affect Economic Activity Tax, Corporation Tax and

Income Tax.

Tax incentives affecting Economic Activity Tax (IAE):

IAE declarations do not have to be filed by the following (tax-exempt persons), among others:

•Naturalpersons.

•Companies,organisationsandtaxpayerswhopayNon-residents’IncomeTaxthathaveapermanentesta-

blishment with net turnover of less than 41,000,000.

Tax incentives affecting Income Tax (IRPF):

Taxpayers who carry out economic activities taxed using the direct evaluation method can apply incentives and

stimuli for business investment established in the Corporation Tax regulations except for reinvestment of extraordi-

nary profits. The Entrepreneur Support Act (Ley de Apoyo a Emprendedores) recently brought in other measures:

•Exemptionforreinvestmentinthecaseoftransferofsharesinnewlyorrecentlycreatedcompanies.(from

29 September 2013).

•Deductionforreinvestmentinnewlyorrecentlycreatedcompanies.(Deductionapplicableonlytothena-

tional amount payable for shares subscribed from 29 September 2013).

•NewdeductionfromJanuary2013offnetearningsfromeconomicactivitiesinvestedinnewtangiblefixed

assets or real estate investments used for economic activities performed by the taxpayer.

Tax incentives affecting Corporation Tax (IS):

a. Allowances.

•AllowancesforincomeearnedinCeutaandMelilla.

•Allowancesforexportactivities.

•Allowancesforprovisionoflocalpublicservices.

b. Tax base deductions:

•Acceleratedamortisation.

•Freedomofamortisation.

•Specialsystemapplicabletofinanceleases.

•Reductioninnetincomefromassignmentofcertainintangibleassetsarisingfromausagerightorexploi-

tation of certain intangible assets (patent box).

•Goodwill.

4.14 Tax incentives in Spain

59

199 A

ANNEX 4

c. Deductions from tax payable:

•Deductionforreinvestmentofextraordinaryprofits.

•Deductionforjobcreation.

•Deductionforcreationofjobsfordisabledworkers.

•Deductionstoencouragecertainactivities.

•DeductionforRDIinvestment.

•Deductionforenvironmental investmentandinvestment inSpanishproductionof featurefilmsand

audiovisual series

•Newdeductionfrom1January2013forinvestmentofprofitsinnewtangiblefixedassetsorinvestmentin

property used in economic activities subject to certain conditions.

Source: Compiled by author Versis / Spanish Inland Revenue Service / 2013

4.15 Value Added Tax (VAT)

VAT rates %

General rate 21%

Reduced rate 10%

Super-reduced rate 4%

Source: Compiled by author Versis | Spanish Inland Revenue Service | 2013

The rates applicable in Spain are as follows:

59

200A

4 ANNEX

4.16 European grant programmes

Source: ICEX | 2012

Spanish regions included in the objectives for Community Structural Funds

Phasing In regions

Phasing Out regions

Convergence regions

Competitiveness and Employment regions

59

201 A

ANNEX 55.1 Social conflict

5.2 Labour disputes

Compiled by author | Source: Ministry of the Interior and Spanish Statistics Institute | Year: 2012

Compiled by author | Source: Ministry of Employment and Social Security, Ministry of the Interior and the Spanish Statistics Institute | Year: 2012

The right of assembly is recognised by the Spanish Constitution and regulated by Organic Law 9/1983. The com-

petent authority must be notified in advance and may only prohibit it for well-founded reasons concerning public

order or danger to people or property.

The employment rights recognised by the Spanish constitution include the right to strikes and lock-outs. These

are stipulated in articles 28.2 and 37 of the Constitution and regulated by Royal Decree-Law 17/1977 on Labour

Relations.

Social conflict: number of demonstrators in the area analysed per 1,000 inhabitants in the provincial population. Provincial data (metropolitan region)

Rate of labour disputes: Number of participants in strikes in the area analysed per 1,000 employed persons. Provincial data (metropolitan region)

Area Rate of social conflict: No. of demonstrators Population

Valencia metropolitan region 0.7 1,889 2,580,792

Spain 0.9 44,233 47,265,321

Area Rate of labour disputes

No. of strikesx 10,000 employed

persons

Average no. ofparticipants per strike

Monthly averageno. of strikes

Barcelona 14.98 0.59 254 10

Madrid 36.85 0.40 927 9

Valencia 5.29 0.50 106 4

Spain 18.74 0.51 369 73

AreaNo.

strikes2012

No. workersParticipants

2012

Employedpopulation

2012

No.strikes2011

No. workersParticipants

2011

Changeno. of strikes(2011-2012)

Change in no. ofparticipants(2011-2012)

Barcelona 124 31,468 2,101,150 110 73,590 13% -57%

Madrid 109 100,997 2,741,075 72 34,951 51% 189%

Valencia 47 4,996 945,175 49 7,026 -4% -29%

Spain 878 323,871 17,281,975 777 221,974 13% 46%

65

64

202A

5 ANNEX

5.3 Crime in general

Source: Ministry of the Interior | Year: 2012

General situation regarding crime in Spain

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Population 45,200,737 46,157,822 46,745,807 47,021,031 47,190,493 47,265,321

Reported crime

Total crimes & offen-ces 2,315,836 2,396,890 2,339,203 2,297,484 2,285,525 2,268,867

Crimes 1,086,390 1,176,501 1,150,208 1,121,884 1,117,293 1,111,695

Offences 1,229,446 1,220,389 1,188,995 1,175,600 1,168,232 1,157,172

Solved crime

Total crimes & offen-ces 697,266 746,194 725,165 724,995 736,175 728,929

Crimes 387,062 435,136 425,408 420,769 427,996 416,559

Offences 310,204 311,058 299,757 304,226 308,179 312,370

Arrests and charges

Total crimes & offen-ces 313,138 350,859 362,488 351,967 468,253 461,042

Crimes 300,636 337,874 346,055 334,963 389,729 378,730

Offences 12,502 12,985 16,433 17,004 78,524 82,312

Police human resources

Police Forces - Total 155,833 165,012 172,731 178,511 181,110 179,317

66

203 A

ANNEX 55.4 Crime against the person

5.5 Property crime

Source: Compiled by author | Ministry of the Interior and Spanish Statistics Institute | YEAR: 2012

Source: Compiled by author | Ministry of the Interior and Spanish Statistics Institute | YEAR: 2012

Rate of crimes against the person: number of recorded crimes and offences against the person per 1,000 inhabitants. Provincial data (metropolitan region)

Property crime rate: number of recorded property crimes and offences per 1,000 inhabi-tants. Provincial data (metropolitan region)

AreaRate of

crimes against the person

Change2011-2012

No. of crimes against the person 2012

No. of offences against the person 2012

No. of crimes against the person 2011

No. of offences against the person 2011

Population

Madrid 7 -4.1% 12,631 24,743 12,786 26,179 5,552,050

Barcelona 4 -1.8% 6,737 18,894 6,881 19,231 6,498,560

Valencia 6 -4.8% 5,156 11,188 5,319 11,858 2,580,792

Spain 6 -4.7% 78,365 208,081 81,971 218,683 47,265,321

AreaProperty

crimerate

Change2011-2012

No. of property crimes

2012

No. of property offen-

ces2012

No. of property crimes

2011

No. of property offences

2011Population

Madrid 7 -4.1% 12,631 24,743 12,786 26,179 5,552,050

Barcelona 4 -1.8% 6,737 18,894 6,881 19,231 6,498,560

Valencia 6 -4.8% 5,156 11,188 5,319 11,858 2,580,792

Spain 6 -4.7% 78,365 208,081 81,971 218,683 47,265,321

67

204A

5 ANNEX

5.6 Social protection

In Spain, social protection, the mechanism whereby the State provides for people in need, is provided by the

Social Security system. There are two parts to the system: contributory and non-contributory.

The contributory system is made up of two parts:

• TheGeneralSystem,whichcoversallemployedworkersnotin

special systems and certain categories of civil servants.

• Specialsystems:

- For employed or self-employed workers.

- For coal miners.

- For people who work at sea (sailors and fishermen).

There is also specific protection for students and a special contributory system for civil servants.

Contingencies protected by the contributory system include: healthcare, sick pay, maternity and paternity leave,

permanent disability, retirement, survivors’ pensions (widows, orphans and burial assistance), workplace acci-

dents and work-related illnesses, family benefits for minor or disabled children, unemployment (contributory and

assistance), benefits providing minimal resources for people with specific needs, dependency benefits for people

without physical, mental, intellectual or sensory independence or with impaired eyesight.

Non-contributory system:

Non-contributory social benefits are provided for people who have specific needs and lack sufficient resources

for subsistence in the legally stipulated terms. Such people may be entitled to benefits even when they have never

contributed or they have contributed but are unable to access contributory benefits.

This system covers a set of benefits such as healthcare, retirement and disability pensions, unemployment benefit,

family benefits and (non-contributory) maternity leave.

There are also certain groups of people, such as the elderly and disabled, who can apply for and receive benefits

from the central or local government to supplement those mentioned above.

Compiled by author | Source: Ministry of Employment and Social Security | Year: 2013

68

205 A

ANNEX 55.7 Bilateral Social Security Agreements

5.8 Industrial and intellectual property

Compiled by author | Source: Ministry of Employment and Social Security | Year: 2013

Bilateral International Agreements signed by Spain and other States concerning Social Se-curity.

Bilateral agreements Bilateral agreements

AND Any nationality PHL Spaniards and Filipinos

ARG Any nationality JPN Any nationality

AUS Any nationality MAR Spaniards and Moroccans

BRA Any nationality MEX Spaniards and Mexicans

CAN Any nationality PRY Any nationality

CHL Spaniards and Chileans PER Any nationality

COL Spaniards and Colombians RUS Spaniards and Russians

KOR Any nationality TUN Spaniards and Tunisians

DOM Spaniards and Dominicans UKR Spaniards and Ukrainians

ECU Spaniards and Ecuadorians URY Any nationality

USA Any nationality VEN Spaniards and Venezuelans

We should also mention the Multilateral Ibero-American Social Security Agreement and Community Regulations

883/2004 and 987/2009 on the coordination of social security systems, which ensure that the workers to which

they apply are not adversely affected, from a Social Security point of view, by moving from one Member State to

another (Switzerland is included for this purpose).

The most important IP conventions ratified by Spain include the following:

•Agreementontrade-relatedaspectsofintellectualpropertyrights,

Annex 1C to the WTO Agreement.

•ParisConvention.

•PatentCooperationTreaty(PCT).

•MunichConventionontheEuropeanPatentof1973.

•MadridAgreement.

•MadridProtocol.

For more information see://www.investinspain.org

69

68

206A

6 ANNEX

6.1 Details about Valencian universities

6.2 Shanghai Ranking 2013Source: Compiled by author from data in the City of Valencia Statistical Yearbook | Year: 2012

Source: Compiled by author from ARWU data | Year: 2013

Main details about Valencian universities

Global position of Valencian universities.

University

Students 2011-12 No.qualifica-

tions

Ph.Dprogram-

mes

Officialpostgrads

Ownpostgrads

Acade-mic staff

Ratio ofacademic

staffper 1000students

Graduatestudents

in 2010-11Total Men Women

UV (inc. nursing at La Fe)

46,009 18,982 27,027 127 218 102 312 4,119 90 7,758

UPV 26,759 17,235 9,524 64 140 74 2,471 92 4,640

CEU 6,266 2,474 3,792 35 12 35 52 935 149 1,053

UEM (Valencia) 857 460 397 22 11 244 285 27

UCV 9,507 3,823 5,684 41 9 55 23 752 79 1,823

Fac.TeologíaS. Vicente Ferrer 162 121 41 2 1 51 315 33

FloridaUniversitaria 1,235 601 634 14 7 102* 83 189

UNED 7,459 29 200 145 19 287

Total 98,254 43,696 47,099 334 380 484 387 8,717 89 15,810

Ranking UV UPV

Top 500 (general) 391 341

Top 200

ENG* - 167

SCI* 143 -

Mathematics - 118

Physics 97 -

Chemistry 145 86

ComputerSciences - 175

Economics 194 -

* broad subject categories

SCI: Natural Sciences and Mathematics

ENG: Engineering, Technology and Compute Sciences

75

74

207 A

ANNEX 66.3 U - Ranking

6.4 Erasmus Students

Source: compiled by author from U-Ranking data | Year: 2013

Source: Compiled by author from European Commission data.

ISSUE (Synthetic Indicators for the Spanish University System) rankings

Top 20 European Universities by no. of ERASMUS Students received (2011-12)

Total Volume of Results (1) Research work Innovation and technological development

1 U. Complutense 1 U. Pompeu Fabra 1 U. Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)

2 U. de Barcelona 2 U. de les Illes Balears 2 U. Politècnica de Catalunya

3 U. de Valencia (UV) 3 U. de Barcelona 3 U.PolitécnicadeMadrid

4 U.PolitécnicadeMadrid 4 U. Autónoma de Madrid 4 U. Pública de Navarra

5 U. Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) 5 U. de Valencia (UV) 5 U. Autónoma de Madrid

6 U. de Granada 6 U. Rovira i Virgili 6 U. Autònoma de Barcelona

7 U. del País Vasco 7 U. Politècnica de Catalunya 7 U. de Santiago de Compostela

8 U. de Sevilla 8 U. de Lleida 8 U. de Cantabria

9 U. Politècnica de Catalunya 9 U. Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) 9 U. de Alicante

10 U. Autònoma de Barcelona 10 U. Carlos III 10 U. Pompeu Fabra

Ranking Country University Students received

1 ES U. de Granada 2,052

2 ES U. de Sevilla 1,769

3 ES U. Complutense de Madrid 1,709

4 ES Universidad de Valencia (UV) 1,698

5 IT U. di Bologna 1,693

6 DK U. Aarhus 1,532

7 ES U. Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) 1,508

8 CZ U. Karlova V Praze 1,137

9 ES U. de Salamanca 1,110

10 IT U. Roma La Sapienza 1,107

11 ES U. de Barcelona 1,105

12 DE Freie U. Berlin 1,039

13 ES U. Autónoma de Barcelona 1,007

14 IT U. di Firenze 1,004

15 SI U. V Ljubljani 957

16 SE Kungligga Tekniska Högskolan 941

17 AT U. Wien 930

18 DK U. Koebenhavns 926

19 DE Humboldt U. Berlin 907

20 SE Lunds U. 901

(1) total volume of teaching, research and technological development results at Spanish universities

75

208A

6.5 Institutes of Technology Institute of Technology results (Total for the REDIT network of institutes)

Institute of Technology results Total

Partner companies 5,072

User companies 10,800

Research staff 1,038

Research and development projects 854

Number of workers on refresher courses > 10 hours 5,714

Patents in force held by institutes 109

R&D projects with European funding 147

R&D projects with national funding 117

R&D projects with IMPIVA funding 197

R&D projects under contract 393

Scientific articles published 257

Speeches made at congresses 262

Doctoral theses directed 20

Congresses and conferences organised in 2012 113

Total combined income for Institute of Technologies 100,614,482

Source: IVACE | Year: 2012

6.6 VLC/Campus budgets

Source: Compiled by author from U-Ranking data | various years.

SCOPE 2010 2011 2012 2013

Teaching improvement and implementation of and adaptationto the EHEA

42,259,000 46,101,760 44,751,000 43,641,000

Scientific improvement and transferof knowledge and technology 41,857,000 46,715,755 414,674,437 48,812,500

Transformation of the campusinto an integrated social modeland interaction between the campusand the surrounding area

4579,200 45,145,000 48,590,000 48,140,000

TOTAL 44,697,210 417,964,526 428,017,449 420,595,513

81

79

6 ANNEX

209 A

In 2011, with research staff made up of 155 professio-

nals, it carried out 66 different projects and submitted

106 clinical trials, 93 of which were approved. Several

INCLIVA research teams took part in European pro-

jects as part of the EU’s Sixth and Seventh Framework

Programmes.

The purpose of Valencian Healthcare Research Insti-

tutes (INCLIVA and IIS La Fe) is also to boost, promote

and encourage scientific research in the field of health.

INCLIVA is structured into four prioritised research

areas, targeting scientific excellence and based on

the population’s health needs, the RDI system and the

institute’s researchers, supplemented by 21 smaller re-

search groups.

Table of CSISP income by source. Change years 2010-2012

Year 2012 2011 2010 Change(2010-2012)

Change(2011-2012)

Source % Euros % Euros % Euros

Agreements with industry 21% 704,234 15% 767,500 10% 352,730 118% -8%

Clinical trials 17% 569,000 20% 1,053,850 11% 384,661 174% -46%

Services 10% 326,664 8% 394,483 5% 182,428 116% -17%

Donations 1% 18,000 0% 25,500 1% 35,000 -27% -29%

Valencian Government 22% 724,000 28% 1,486,880 33% 1,156,846 29% -51%

Competitive R&D Grants 26% 871,979 25% 1,288,920 37% 1,284,081 0% -32%

Others 4% 130,218 4% 208,836 2% 78,443 166% -38%

Total 100% 3,344,095 100% 5,225,977 100% 3,474,189 50% -36%

Source: Compiled by author | CSISP Annual Report | Year: 2012

6.7 Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP) Income

6.8 Healthcare Research Institutes in Valencia

83

ANNEX 6

210A

6 ANNEX

In addition to the Healthcare Research Institute’s

staff, INCLIVA has cutting-edge technology to ca-

rry out quality research.

Moreover, IIS La Fe, the leading healthcare re-

search body in the Valencian Community, which

is among the most important research centres

in the world (position 1,295) according to the la-

test classification of scientific research institutions

in the Scimago group, carries out biomedical

research of excellence through 40 research

groups (2012), with an overall staff of 164 people,

who carry out programmes with financial support

from public institutions and private bodies. In 2012

a total of 252 R&D projects and 540 clinical trials

were active.

ISS La Fe staff have published a total of 556 ar-

ticles in indexed scientific journals. According to

SIR World Report 20123, IIS del Hospital Universita-

rioyPolitécnicoLaFeistheleading hospital in

the Valencian Community in the ranking and

the eighth nationwide.

3 This includes institutions that published at least 100 scientific documents in 2012 in the Scopus database (3,290 institutions from 106 countries)

83

211 A

ANNEX 66.9 Universities and R&D

Source: RedOTRI 2011 survey; RedUGI

R&D figures for the 20 Spanish universities with the highest licensing income (2011) *

INCOME (THOUSANDS OF EUROS)

University Staff Spin-off

Total no.patents

(national& PCT)

CompetitiveResearchProjects

Grants(personal &competitive)

R&Dand

consultingcontracts

Projectswith

companies(Pub. Funds)

Serviceprovision Licences

U. Politècnicade València 2,790 16 42 10,702 23,967 13,982 6,278 4,085 398

U. de Zaragoza 3,791 0 22 17,262 26,051 14,340 4,771 2,084 308

U.Politécnicade Madrid (1) 3,416 17 82 52,261 66,871 57,878 15,390 0 257

U. Pontificiade Salamanca 284 0 0 183 335 526 123 45 200

U. Politècnicade Catalunya 2,832 4 74 28,824 29,985 18,527 13,389 2,948 180

U. de Salamanca (2) 2,447 2 11 10,167 11,751 3,246 1,985 1,199 169

U. de Barcelona (3) 5,266 1 40 23,442 78,094 7,662 6,150 5,234 166

U.Autònomade Barcelona 3,816 5 30 30,992 55,879 15,768 7,894 5,485 112

U. de Santiagode Compostela (16) 2,311 4 57 22,310 34,746 6,530 1,084 1,143 71

U. de Valladolid (4) 2,814 1 18 8,534 16,978 9,749 2,989 66

U. de Sevilla (5) 4,495 6 82 25,247 64,720 23,147 11,640 453 60

U. de Cantabria (6) 1,319 1 19 18,435 26,984 7,389 2,582 1,792 55

U. de les IllesBalears (7) 1,553 1 4 5,104 7,651 1,073 652 51

U. Autónomade Madrid (8) 2,956 3 25 0 11,674 291 49

U. MiguelHernández de Elche 1,056 2 15 5,670 9,535 1,786 202 184 38

U. de Navarra (9) 1,376 1 6 10,752 24,090 2,393 2,316 1,395 29

U. de Cádiz 1,743 1 20 6,514 6,514 2,706 2,068 486 20

U. de Murcia 3,057 1 9 9,413 20,144 3,889 1,610 359 18

U. d`Alacant (10) 1,433 2 25 12,385 27,435 3,029 943 659 16

U. de València 3,975 11 22 18,507 57,594 9,696 3,629 1,092 15

* The footnotes show the institutions that include and consolidate data concerning research and transfer from the university.

(1) Includes Fundación General de la UPM, Fundación Conde del Valle de Salazar, Fundación Rogelio Segovia para el

desarrollo de las Telecomunicaciones, Fundación Instituto Juan de Herrera,

(2) Includes Fundación General de la U. de Salamanca, Fundación de Investigación del Cáncer at U. de Salamanca,

Centro de Láseres Pulsados Ultracortos Ultraintensos and Fundación Parque Científico at U. de Salamanca.

(3) Includes Fundació Bosch i Gimpera

(4) Includes Fundacion General de la U. de Valladolid and Fundacion Parque Científico U. de Valladolid

(5) Includes FIUS, AICIA and FIDETIA.

(6) Includes Fundación Leonardo Torres Quevedo and Fundación Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental

(7) Includes Fundació U.-Empresa de les Illes Balears

(8) Includes Fundación at U. Aut. de Madrid

(9) Includes Instituto Científico y tecnológico de Navarra, S.A.

(10) Includes Fundación General U. d’Alacant

81

212A

7 ANNEX

7.1 Valencia International Trade Fair data 2012

Source: Spanish Trade Fair Association | Year: 2012

Exhibitors Visitors

Name of the fair in Spanish Offer

Direct Indirect Totalcoun-

tries

Identified

ScopeTotal Foreign Total Foreign Total Foreign TOTAL

Juvenil CONSUMER 144 31 215 63 15 8,191 496 8,191 INTERNATIONAL

CERO A CUATROFeriaInternacionaldelBebé CONSUMER 110 14 136 128 25 7,815 525 7,815 INTERNATIONAL

Professional CONSUMER 144 42 0 0 10 3,949 217 3,949 INTERNATIONAL

Arquitectura, equipamientode baño y cocina, CONSUMER 451 110 327 123 40 40,648 14,876 40,669 INTERNATIONAL

Productos y serviciosfinancieros, inversiones, INVESTMENT 79 3 9 3 6 3,786 35 3,786 NATIONAL

Estética,spayuñas CONSUMER 31 4 0 0 4 0 0 842 INTERNATIONAL

Medioambientales CONSUMER 60 1 34 13 7

6,626 285 6,626

NATIONAL

Rehabilitacióny urbanismo sostenible CONSUMER 40 4 14 2 5 INTERNATIONAL

Paisajismo CONSUMER 19 0 0 0 1

EGETICA-EXPOENERGETICAFeria de las energías INVESTMENT 69 10 26 15 11 6,924 300 6,924 INTERNATIONAL

Consumo responsable CONSUMER 162 4 0 0 4 0 0 3,809 NATIONAL

STOCK CITY 2ª Feria outlet Valencia CONSUMER 127 8 0 0 2 0 0 37,209 NATIONAL

EXPOCAZA- Salón de lacaza, el tiro y la naturaleza CONSUMER 69 5 30 15 12 0 0 3,453 NATIONAL

Proyección personal SERVICES 18 1 0 0 2 1,080 0 1,080 NATIONAL

Sector deportivo CONSUMER 96 9 2 0 9 568 15 568 NATIONAL

FERIA VEHICULOSELECCIÓN OCASIÓN CONSUMER 17 0 0 0 1 0 0 1,846 NATIONAL

URBE - Real Estate Fairdel Mediterraneo INVESTMENT 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 NATIONAL

OK!MAMI-Salóndelbebépara mamás y papás CONSUMER 43 0 0 0 1 0 0 1,678 NATIONAL

FIMI -Feria Internacionalde Moda Infantil -Juvenil CONSUMER 152 30 250 64 13 3,107 247 3,107 INTERNATIONAL

Itinerarios religiosos INV. y CONS. 56 12 4 4 6 484 20 807 INTERNATIONAL

Textil. CONSUMER 346 53 350 78 18 21,088 2,086 21,529 INTERNATIONAL

Tecnología y bricojardin CONSUMER 240 28 45 25 15 7,418 523 7,418 INTERNATIONAL

EUROBRICO - FeriaInternacional del bricolage CONSUMER 167 10 67 29 14 6,734 401 6,749 INTERNATIONAL

Oportunidades de negocioy comercio asociado. INVESTMENT 86 7 1 0 6 5,809 92 5,809 INTERNATIONAL

URBE - Real Estate Fairdel Mediterraneo INVESTMENT 22 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 NATIONAL

STOCK CITY - 3ª Feriaoutlet Valencia CONSUMER 142 9 0 0 2 0 0 37,033 NATIONAL

Eventos y celebraciones CONSUMER 124 1 0 0 2 0 0 864 NATIONAL

OCASIÓN CONSUMER 65 1 0 0 2 0 0 12,993 NATIONAL

FIV / EXPOJOVE SERVICES 83 0 0 0 1 0 0 50403 NATIONAL

91

213 A

ANNEX 77.2 Valencia Conference Centre

Source: Valencia Conference Centre Annual Report | Year: 2012

Source: Valencia Conference Centre Annual Report | Year: 2012

Scope Number of events % Visitors %

International 22 17.9 18,699 17.9

National 24 19.5 17,750 17.0

Regional 77 62.6 68,003 65.1

Total 123 100.0 104,452 100.0

Type of meeting Number of events % Visitors %

Congress 24 19.5 19,950 19.1

Convention 15 12.2 10,990 10.5

Conference 30 24.4 20,496 19.6

Others 54 43.9 53,016 50.8

Total 123 100.0 104,452 100.0

Activity by meeting scope

Activity by type of meeting

91

214A

7 ANNEX

7.3 Ranking of European cities - ICCA 2012

7.4 European Erasmus Programme 2011-2012

Source: International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA) 2012

Position City No. congresses2012

1 Vienna 195

2 Paris 181

3 Berlin 172

4 Madrid 164

5 Barcelona 154

6 London 150

7 Copenhagen 137

8 Istanbul 128

9 Amsterdam 122

10 Prague 112

11 Stockholm 110

12 Brussels 107

13 Lisbon 106

14 Helsinki 100

15 Budapest 98

16 Rome 98

17 Dublin 97

18 Munich 78

19 Oslo 74

Rank Country Name of the HigherEducation Institution

Number ofincomingstudents

1 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA 2052

2 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA 1769

3 ES UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSEDE MADRID 1709

4 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE VALENCIA(UV) 1698

5 IT UNIVERSITÀ DI BOLOGNA 1693

6 DK AARHUS UNIVERSITET 1532

7 ES UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICADE VALENCIA (UPV) 1508

8 CZ UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE 1137

Top 100 universities that receive Erasmus Programme students

Position City No. congresses2012

20 Zurich 70

21 Edinburgh 67

22 Athens 52

23 Geneva 49

24 Valencia 49

25 Warsaw 46

26 Porto 42

27 Tallinn 42

28 Lyon 41

29 Cracow 39

30 Milan 39

31 Belgrade 38

32 Göteborg 38

33 St. Petersburg 38

34 Vilnius 36

35 Glasgow 35

36 Hamburg 35

37 Venice 34

38 Moscow 32

39 Bergen 31

40 Dubrovnik 31



9 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA 1110

10 IT UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDIDI ROMA 'LA SAPIENZA' 1107

11 ES UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA 1105

12 DE FREIE UNIVERSITAET BERLIN 1039

13 ES UNIVERSITAT AUTONOMADE BARCELONA 1007

14 IT UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDIDI FIRENZE 1004

15 SI UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI 957

16 SE KUNGLIGA TEKNISKAHÖGSKOLAN 941

92

215 A

ANNEX 7

Source: European Commission | Year: 2012



17 AT UNIVERSITAET WIEN 930

18 DK KOEBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET 926

19 DE HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITAET ZU BERLIN 907

20 SE LUNDS UNIVERSITET 901

21 ES UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEMADRID 869

22 SE LINKÖPINGS UNIVERSITET 843

23 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE 834

24 PT UNIVERSIDADE TÉCNICA DE LISBOA 831

25 BE KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN 802

26 FR UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG 769

27 DK VIA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 766

28 PT UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA 727

29 PT UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO 720

30 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA 720

31 NO NORGES TEKNISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE UNIVERSITET 715

32 IT POLITECNICO DI MILANO 708

33 FI HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO 696

34 ES UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICADE CATALUÑA 687

35 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE MALAGA 684

36 ES UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS IIIDE MADRID 682

37 SE UPPSALA UNIVERSITET 677

38 IT UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDIDI PADOVA 669

39 PT UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA 666

40 SE STOCKHOLMS UNIVERSITET 665

41 BE UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES 658

42 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE CÁDIZ 646

43 FR UNIVERSITE DE PARIS-SORBONNE(PARIS IV) 639

44 DE TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAETMUENCHEN 638

45 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE HUELVA 638

46 NL RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN 622

47 ES UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICADE MADRID (UPM) 620

48 PL UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI 608

49 SE GÖTEBORGS UNIVERSITET 607

50 FR AIX-EN-PROVENCE CEDEX 1 601

51 PL UNIWERSYTET JAGIELLONSKI 600

52 NL UNIVERSITEIT MAASTRICHT 600

53 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA 582

54 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGODE COMPOSTELA 575

55 DK SYDDANSK UNIVERSITET 574

56 BE UNIVERSITEIT GENT 563

57 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA 562

58 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID 562

59 SE LINNÉUNIVERSITETET 550

60 NO UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 538

61 DE LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN 538



62 IEUNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINNATIONAL UNIVERSITYOF IRELAND, DUBLIN

526

63 IT UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI TORINO 526

64 BE UNIVERSITÉ DE LIÈGE 515

65 DK HANDELSHØJSKOLEN IKØBENHAVN 514

66 NO UNIVERSITETET I BERGEN 512

67 NL UNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT 509

68 PT UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA 503

69 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA 502

70 ES UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAIS VASCO/EUSKAL HERRIKO UNIBERTSITATEA 501

71 FR INSTITUT D'ETUDES POLITIQUESDE PARIS (SCIENCES PO) 500

72 ES UNIVERSIDAD EUROPEADE MADRID 494

73 SE CHALMERS TEKNISKA HÖGSKOLA 490

74 IE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OFIRELAND, CORK 484

75 UK UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW 482

76 IT UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDIROMA TRE 480

77 FR UNIVERSITE JEAN MOULIN(LYON III) 476

78 DK DANMARKS TEKNISKEUNIVERSITET 468

79 DE UNIVERSITAET ZU KOELN 468

80 DE TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN 460

81 UK UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD 457

82 IT UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI GENOVA 455

83 AT TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT WIEN 455

84 HU BUDAPESTI CORVINUS EGYETEM 452

85 DE RUPRECHT-KARLS-UNIVERSITAETHEIDELBERG 449

86 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE ALCALA 449

87 ES UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO 449

88 CZ MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA 446

89 ES UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS 443

90 UK THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM 442

91 BE UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUEDE LOUVAIN 438

92 NL UNIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM 438

93 FR UNIVERSITE PANTHEON-SORBO-NE (PARIS I) 436

94 ES UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA 435

95 HU EOTVOS LORAND TUDOMANYE-GYETEM 429

96 ES UNIVERSIDAD PABLO DE OLAVIDE 428

97 IT UNIVERSITA' COMMERCIALE 'LUIGI BOCCONI' 424

98 UK UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 418

99 SE UMEA UNIVERSITET 418

100 UK CARDIFF UNIVERSITY 418

92

216A

8 ANNEX

8.1 Urban mobility

Source: Urban Mobility Survey, Valencia City Council | Year: 2012

The city of Valencia mobility survey was carried out to find out the mobility patterns within the city. The city was

zoned by neighbourhoods to define the scope studied. The survey was carried out in 87 neighbourhoods in the

city of Valencia and covered a total population of 797,028 inhabitants.

Modes of transport used inside the city Modes of transport to and from the city

Non-motorised850.918

44,9%

Motorised1.044.104

55,1%

Non- motorised834.289

52,9%

Motorised741.684

47,1%

On foot775.511

91,1%

Bicycle75.407

8,9%

Users440.504

42,2%

Private603.600

57,8%

Users369.522

42,2%

Private372.162

50,2%

On foot759.175

91,0%

Bicycle75.114

9,0%

Private bicycle45.208

60,0%

Public bicycle30.199

40,0%

Urban bus (EMT)295.138

67,0%

Metropolitan bus (AVM)7.510

1,5%

Coach441

0,1%

Metro / Tram127.913

29,0%

RENFE (Intercity Rail)9.502

2,2%

Car - driver486.446

80,6%

Car - passenger77.159

12,8%

Motorbike39.995

6,6%

Urban bus (EMT)295.138

79,9%

Metropolitan bus (AVM)0

0,0%

Coach0

0,0%

Metro / Tram72.359

19,6%

RENFE (Intercity Rail)2.025

0,5%

Car - driver319.315

85,8%

Car - passenger34.983

9,4%

Motorbike17.864

4,8%

Private bicycle44.915

59,8%

Public bicycle30.199

40,2%

Total journeys1.895.022

Total journeys1.895.022

Inte

rnal

and

ext

erna

l mob

ility

Mob

ility

insi

de th

e ci

ty o

nly

Valencia City Valencia City

Non motorised44,9% Motorised

55,1%

Bicycle8,9%

On foot91,1%

Private transportprivado57,8%

Public transport42,2%

Modes of transport

31,9% 40,9%

4,0%23,2%

On foot Bicycle Public Private

Non motorised52,9% Motorised

47,1%

Bicycle9,0%

On foot91,0%

Private transport50,2%

Public transport49,8%

Modes of transport

23,6%48,2%

4,8%23,4%

On foot Bicycle Public Private

101

217 A

ANNEX 8


Urban mobility comparison between Valencia and its metropolitan area and other European cities


Basic characterisation of daily mobility of citizens of Valencia (inside and outside the city)

Total %

Total people 797,028

People > 15 years 685,733

Total journeys 1,895,022

Non-motorised journeys (on foot and bicycle) 850,918 44.90%

Motorised journeys 1,044,104 55.10%

Average mobility per inhabitant (journeys/inhabitant) 2.37

Average mobility in non-motorised transport per inhabitant (journeys/inhabitant) 1.06

Average mobility in motorised transport per inhabitant (journeys/inhabitant)

Average mobility per inhabitant > 15 years (journeys/inhabitant) 2.76

Average mobility in non-motorised transport per inhabitant > 15 years (journeys/inhabitant) 1.24

Average mobility in motorised transport per inhabitant > 15 years (journeys/inhabitant) 1.52

101

218A

8 ANNEX



Mobility by modes of transport

Basic characterisation of daily mobility of citizens of Valencia (inside the city)

Internal and external mobility Internal mobility External relationships

Journeys % Journeys % Journeys %

On foot 775,511 40.9% 759,175 48.2% 16,336 5.1%

Private bicycle 45,208 2.4% 44,915 2.8% 293 0.1%

Public bicycle 30,199 1.6% 30,199 1.9% - 0.0%

Urban bus (EMT) 295,138 15.6% 295,138 18.7% - 0.0%

Metropolitan bus (AVM) 7,510 0.4% - 0.0% 7,510 2.4%

Coach 441 0.0% 0.0% 441 0.1%

Metro/tram 127,913 6.7% 72,359 4.6% 55,554 17.4%

Intercity Rail 9,502 0.5% 2,025 0.1% 7,477 2.3%

Car - driver 486,446 25.7% 319,315 20.3% 167,131 52.4%

Car - passenger 77,159 4.1% 34,983 2.2% 42,176 13.2%

Motorbike 39,995 2.1% 17,864 1.1% 22,131 6.9%

TOTAL 1,895,022 100.0% 1,575,973 100.0% 319,049 100.0%

Total %

Total people 797,028

People > 15 years 685,733

Total journeys 1,575,973

Non-motorised journeys (on foot and bicycle) 834,289 52.90%

Motorised journeys 741,684 47.10%

Average mobility per inhabitant (journeys/inhabitant) 1.98

Average mobility in non-motorised transport per inhabitant (journeys/inhabitant) 1.04

Average mobility in motorised transport per inhabitant (journeys/inhabitant) 0.94

Average mobility per inhabitant > 15 years (journeys/inhabitant) 2.30

Average mobility in non-motorised transport per inhabitant > 15 years (journeys/inhabitant) 1.22

Average mobility in motorised transport per inhabitant > 15 years (journeys/inhabitant) 1.08

101

219 A

ANNEX 8

Source: Empresa Municipal de Transporte, Valencia City Council | Year: 2013

Maps of urban bus lines in Valencia

100

220A

Source: Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana | Year: 2013


8 ANNEX

Valencia cycle path map

Map of metro lines in Valencia

100

221 A

ANNEX 8


Map of public bicycle stations (Valenbisi)

100

222A

8 ANNEX

Source: Valencia City Council Statistics Office | Year: 2013

Meteorological records month by month

Temperature indegrees Celsius

Maximum Minimum Temperature Precipitation

Absolute Average Absolute Average Average l/m2 Days

2012 September 31.0 27.4 15.8 19.8 23.6 61.2 6

October 30.4 25.2 10 16.2 20.7 27.1 7

November 27.7 19.8 6 12.2 16.1 27.3 7

December 21.7 18.5 3.2 8.8 13.6 5.1 2

2013 January 24.6 18.8 4.9 8.7 13.7 4.9 3

February 24.9 17.0 4.3 8.4 12.7 65.8 6

March 24.6 19.8 5.4 11.9 15.9 60.5 6

April 26.9 19.5 5.6 11.7 15.6 90.5 11

May 32.1 22.5 8.8 13.8 18.2 11.6 7

June 29.1 25.7 14.3 18.0 21.8 9.8 3

July 36.4 29.7 18.9 22.4 26.1 3.3 4

August 32.8 28.9 18.4 22.5 25.7 33.9 6

September 31.9 27.8 17.6 20.4 24.2 0.0 0

Wind speed km/h Sunshine% relativehumidity

PressurehPa

Cloudy skies (days)

Maximum Average Hours % Clear Cloudy Overcast

2012 September 60 7 215.7 58 54 1,007.9 7 20 3

October 51 4 215.6 62 56 1,005.3 7 19 5

November - 4 120.1 40 57 1,006.8 2 18 9

December 66 7 183.3 63 50 1,012.6 8 22 1

2013 January 69 8 192.7 64 46 1,009.8 6 21 4

February 66 8 181.6 61 47 1,008.1 5 19 4

March 63 10 174.1 47 52 999.5 3 19 9

April 63 8 206.4 52 55 1,007.1 6 15 9

May 72 7 232.6 52 50 1,006.7 6 23 2

June 43 7 317.6 71 54 1,009.7 15 15 0

July 46 5 341.3 75 56 1,009.6 17 14 0

August 43 5 233.4 55 59 1,009.1 10 17 4

September 68 5 248.8 66 57 1,009.1 5 24 1

8.2 Climate

99

223 A

ANNEX 8

Source: Valencian Ministry of the Environment, Agriculture, Fishing, Food and Water | Year: 2011

Note: Malva-rosa and Cabanyal are beaches that have had a Universal Accessibility Certificate since 2006; Pinedo was awarded it in 2010.

Source: Municipal Statistics Office and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and the Environment | Year: 2013

General characteristics of beaches in the city of Valencia. 2013

8.3 Water Quality

8.4 Characteristics of beaches

Malva-rosa El Cabanyal Pinedo l' Arbre del Gos El Saler Garrofera La Devesa El Recatí

Intestinal enterococci

Class Sufficient Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent

Escherichia coli

Class Sufficient Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent

Beaches Length (m) Width (m) Degree ofoccupancy Blue flag Q for quality

certificate

Malva-rosa 1,000 104 High No Yes

El Cabanyal 1,200 197 High No Yes

Pinedo 1,500 32 Medium Yes Yes

l'Arbre del Gos 2,600 32 Medium Yes -

El Saler 2,700 37 Medium Yes -

Garrofera 1,800 37 Medium Yes -

La Devesa 5,000 25 Low Yes -

El Recatí 3,500 66 Medium Yes -

102

224A

8 ANNEX

Source: Compiled by author | Ministry of Agriculture, Food and the Environment | Year: 2013

Malva-rosa Pinedo El Saler La Devesa El Recatí Cabanyal L'Arbredel Gos

LaGarrofera

Generalcharacteristics

Degree ofurbanization Urban Urban Isolated Isolated Urban Urban Isolated Semi-

urban

Promenade

Type of beach Composition Sandy Gravel/sandy

Pebbles/sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Pebbles/

sandy Sandy

Bathingconditions

Calmwater

Calmwater

Moderateswell

Moderateswell

Moderateswell

Calmwater

Moderateswell

Moderateswell

Safety

Dangersignage

Aid andrescue

Services

Disabledaccess

TouristOffice

Toilets

Showers

Telephone

Litter bins

Cleaningservice

Sun umbrellahire

Sunbedhire

Boathire

Sailing club

Divingarea

Children's area

Port

Distance (Km) 1 0.5 6 8 0 1 2 8

Yes No

8.5 Characterisation of beaches in Valencia

102

225 A

ANNEX 8

Source: Valencian Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport | Year: 2009

8.6 Cultural heritage1 Alquería de Julià 35 Monasterio de San Miguel de los Reyes

2 Alquería del Moro 36 Monasterio de San Vicente de la Roqueta y la Iglesia

3 Archivo del Reino de Valencia 37 Monasterio del Temple

4 Atarazanas del Grao 38 Muralla Medieval de Valencia

5 Byears del Almirante 39 Museo de Bellas Artes de Valencia

6 Capilla Antiguo Colegio San Pablo (Instituto Luis Vives) 40 Museo de Prehistoria de la Diputación Provincial

7 Capitanía General (Convento de Sto. Domingo) 41 Museo Histórico

8 Casa Vestuario 42 Museo Nacional de Cerámica

9 Colegio del Arte Mayor de la Seda y su Huerto 43 Palacete y Jardín de Ayora

10 Conjunto Histórico de la Ciudad de Valencia 44 Palacio de Justicia

11 Conjunto visigodo iglesia-cárcel de San Vicente 45 Palacio de los Almirantes de Aragón,actual Conselleria de Hacienda

12 Convento Colegio Escuelas Pías 46 Palacio de los Boil de Arenós (Actual Bolsa de Valencia)

13 Edificio Antiguo Almudín 47 Palacio de los Catalá de Valeriola

14 Escudo de Fernando de Aragón, Duque de Calabriaen la Alquería de Albors de Valencia 48 Palacio de los Condes de Cervellón

15 Escudo de Fernando de Aragón, Duque de Calabriaen la Casa Tota de Valencia 49 Palacio de los Escrivà

16 Estación del Norte 50 PalaciodelMarquésdeCampoodelosBerbedel

17 Ex-Convento del Carmen e Iglesia Parroquialde la Santa Cruz 51 PalaciodelMarquésdeDosAguas

18 Iglesia de San Agustín, Iglesia Parroquialde Santa Catalina y San Agustín 52 PalaciodelMarquésdeHuarteodePenalba

(Banco Urquijo)

19 IglesiadeSanJuandelaCruz(antesdeSanAndrés) 53 PalaciodelMarquésdelaScala

20 Iglesia del Santísimo Cristo del Salvador 54 Palau de la Generalitat

21 Iglesia Parroquial de los Santos Juanes 55 Plaza de Toros

22 Iglesia Parroquial de Nuestra Señora de la Misericordia(Barrio de Campanar) 56 Real Basílica de Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados

23 Iglesia Parroquial de Nuestra Señora del Pilary San Lorenzo Mártir 57 Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi o del Patriarca

24 Iglesia Parroquial de San Esteban Protomártir 58 Recinto del Hospital Viejo y Ermita de Santa Lucía

25 Iglesia Parroquial de San Martín Obispoy San Antonio Abad 59 Santa Iglesia Catedral Basílica Metropolitana

de Santa María

26 Iglesia Parroquial de San Miguel y San Sebastián 60 Teatro Principal

27 Iglesia Parroquial de San Pedro Mártiry San Nicolás Obispo 61 Templo y Dependencias de San Juan del Hospital

28 Iglesia Parroquial de Santo Tomás Apóstol y San Felipe Neri 62 Templo y Torre de Santa Catalina Mártir

29 Jardín Botánico de la Universidad de València 63 Torre adosada al lienzo de muralla árabeentre las calles Angel y Beneito Coll

30 Jardín de Monforte 64 TorredeSanBartolomé

31 Lonja de la Seda 65 Torres de Quart

32 Mercado Central 66 Torres de Serranos

33 Mercado de Colón 67 Universidad de Valencia

34 Monasterio de la Santísima Trinidad

106

226A

8 ANNEX

Source: Sporting Facilities Census. Board of Sport, Valencia City Council Statistics Office | Year: 2012

8.7 Sporting facilitiesby management

No. of facilities Private Council Autonomous C. Central Gov.& University Total Area

Valencia 451 258 67 122 4 931,277

1. Ciutat Vella 11 7 1 3 0 7,036

2. l'Eixample 34 29 1 4 0 18,254

3. Extramurs 32 26 1 5 0 26,275

4. Campanar 24 12 6 6 0 41,102

5. la Saïdia 29 16 6 7 0 71,375

6. el Pla del Real 22 17 0 3 2 57,501

7. l'Olivereta 25 11 5 9 0 36,809

8. Patraix 20 11 2 7 0 20,318

9. Jesús 22 10 5 7 0 33,411

10. Quatre Carreres 36 16 8 12 0 54,360

11. Poblats Marítims 35 13 7 15 0 72,041

12. Camins al Grau 27 11 7 9 0 33,440

13. Algirós 24 11 2 9 2 54,316

14. Benimaclet 8 4 2 2 0 12,481

15. Rascanya 18 7 3 8 0 28,999

16. Benicalap 13 9 1 3 0 15,707

17. Pobles del Nord 5 1 2 2 0 14,649

18. Pobles de l'Oest 10 4 3 3 0 25,349

19. Pobles del Sud 56 43 5 8 0 307,854

106

227 A

ANNEX 8

Source: Valencia City Council Statistics Office | Year: 2011

Source: Spanish Economic Yearbook, La Caixa | 2013

Source: La Caixa Spanish Economic Yearbook and Spanish Association of Shopping Centres | Year: 2013

8.8 Green spaces in the city

8.9 Valencia shopping area

8.10 Shopping centres and arcades

2011 (m2)

Valencia 5,025,651

Landscaped units 2,907,694

Urban parks 675,774

River Turia 1,238,007

Universities 204,176

Municipality Surface area - m2

grocerySurface area - m2

total non-grocerySurface area - m2

mixed and othersShopping

centresSurface area - m2

Shopping centres 2012

Valencia 473,327 1,062,230 349,782 11 357,711

Name Gross areafor let No. of stores Parking spaces Flagship store

Arena Multiespacio 32,000 125 1,456 Carrefour

Boulevard Austria 4,200 41 n.a. Abacus

El Saler 47,013 152 2,765 Carrefour

Nuevo Centro 112,000 250 2,700 Mercadona

Aqua Multiespacio 35,000 96 2,400 Mercadona

Carrefour Campanar 24,729 32 2,100 Carrefour

La Galería Jorge Juan 4,200 45 220 Restaurante La Galería

Mercado de Campanar 12,149 14 470 Fashion and Restaurants

MN4 40,724 101 1,600 Fashion and Restaurants

Sueca Parc 13,000 10 1,000 Eroski

107

105

228A

8 ANNEX

Source: Valencia Statistical Yearbook, Valencia City Council Statistics Office | Year: 2012

8.11 Markets

Market Area Total stalls

Total 54,701 2,950

Algirós 3,387 167

Castilla - Av Cid 8,422 89

Benicalap 6,038 75

Benimàmet 216 7

Cabanyal 3,585 417

Central 16,988 1,204

Grao 2,480 28

Jerusalén 880 89

Jesús-Patraix 786 68

MosénSorell 910 12

Natzaret 273 41

Plaza del Cid (Redon-da) 789 48

Rojas Clemente 2,484 48

Russafa 4,755 590

San Pedro Nolasco 374 8

Torrefiel 2,334 59

Market Day Numberof stalls

Russafa Monday 372

Algirós Monday 341

Central Monday 95

Jerusalén Tuesday 417

San Pedro Nolasco Tuesday 330

Nazaret Tuesday 61

Av. del Cid Wednesday 730

Grao Wednesday 52

Benimàmet Wednesday 21

MosénSorell Wednesday 5

el Cabanyal Thursday 570

Torrefiel Thursday 238

Benimaclet Friday 302

Mont-Olivet Friday 120

Castellar Friday 225

la Malva-rosa Friday 168

Benicalap Saturday 556

Jesús-Patraix Saturday 212

Rastro Sundays and public holidays 348

Plaza Redonda Sundays and public holidays 111

ChristmasReyes-Central

1 Decemberto 6 January 87

ChristmasReyes-Cabanyal 3 to 6 January 279

Paseo Marítimo 1 Juneto 15 September 64

Municipal markets. Seasonal markets. Number of stalls and days.

107

229 A

ANNEX 8


8.12 Healthcare centres, services and establishments

Public centres

Hospital 8 Prevention of breast cancer 5 Clinical analysis laboratory 5

Specialty centre 4 Sexual and reproductive health 6 Dentistry 4

Health Centre 29 Addiction unit 4 Rehabilitation / physiotherapy 12

Primary care centre 21 Day centre 1 Alcohol treatment 1

Mental health centre 12 Primary care pharmacist 4 Patient service and information 23

Public health centre 1 Health service inspection 7

Private centres and foundations

Hospital 7 Dental clinic 462 Health services integrated in a non-health organisation 156

Multipurpose centre 89 Certified centresfor check-ups 56 Primary care centre 1

Dialysis centre 6 Voluntary interruption of pregnancy 4

Assisted human reproduction centre 19 Mental health 2

Mobile healthcare centre 37 Specialised centre 25

Outpatient surgery 2 Outpatient healthcare 67

Diagnostic centre 34 Healthcare offices

Clinical analysis laboratory 83 Medical consultation 403

108

230A

8 ANNEX



8.13 Hospitals. 2011

8.14 Education centres

Hospital and owner Beds

Hosp. Clínico Universitario Health Dept. 587

Hosp. Malva-rosa Health Dept. 47

Hosp. Arnau de Vilanova Health Dept. 302

Hosp. Universitari La Fe Health Dept. 1,440

Hosp. General Universitario Health Dept. 592

Hosp. Dr. Peset Aleixandre Health Dept. 539

Hosp.PadreJofré Health Dept. 125

Inst. Valenciano de Oncologia Private charity 160

Hosp. Virgen del Consuelo Private 156

Hosp. Valencia al Mar Private 70

Hosp. 9 d'Octubre Private 300

Clínica Casa de Salud Private charity 192

Clínica Quirón de València Private 79

Clínica Fontana Private 7

Total Public PrivateState-funded

PrivateNot state-funded Students

336 101 82 153 30,570

Primary schools

Total Public Private

165 89 76 40,977

Secondary schools


111 38 73 27,173

Baccalaureate schools


59 33 26 10,319

Medium Vocational Training


49 17 32 7,226

Higher Vocational Training


40 18 22 10,323

Schools by owners

109

108

231 A

ANNEX 8


8.14 School teachers

8.15 Universities in Valencia

School teachers by level taught Total

Public Total 5,298

Infant only 490

Primary only 1,228

Infant and Primary 314

Special (infant, basic and other tasks) 56

Compulsory Secondary 674

Compulsory Secondary and Baccalaureate or Vocational 1,116

Baccalaureate only 157

Vocational and Prof. Training only 749

Other possibilities 514

Private Total 4,675

Infant only 1,262

Primary only 1,143

Infant and Primary 44

Compulsory Secondary 32

Compulsory Secondary and Baccalaureate or Vocational 63

Baccalaureate only 36

Vocational and Prof. Training only 263

Other possibilities 1,832

UniversidadPolitécnica Total academic staff: 2,471 Total students: 26,759

School of Architecture

School of Building Engineering

School of Computer Engineering

School of Design Engineering

School of Agronomy and the Environment

Faculty of Fine Arts

School of Civil Engineering

School of Telecommunications

School of Geodesics, Cartography and Topography

Industrial School

Faculty of Business Management and Administration

109

232A

8 ANNEX


Valencian UniversitiesUniversidad de Valencia Total academic staff: 4,119 Total students: 46,009

Faculty of Philology, Translation and Communication

Faculty of Geography and History

Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science

Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry

Faculty of Psychology

Faculty of Pharmacy

Faculty of Biological Sciences

Faculty of Mathematical Sciences

Faculty of Physics

Faculty of Chemistry

Faculty of Philosophy and Education Sciences

School of Engineering

Faculty of Education

Faculty of Physiotherapy

Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry

Faculty of Social Sciences

Faculty of Law

Faculty of Economics

La Fe School of Nursing

Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU Total academic staff: 935 Total students: 6,266

F. Humanities and Communication Sciences

F. Law, Business and Political Sciences

F. Veterinary Medicine

F. Health Sciences

School of Teaching Education

Facultad de Teología San Vicente Ferrer Total academic staff: 51 Total students: 162

Ecclesiastical studies

Sacred theology

Ph.D in theology

109

233 A

ANNEX 8


Valencian UniversitiesUniversidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Total academic staff: 278 Total students: 9,925

Psychology (degree and extended degree)

Law (degree and extended degree)

Business Management and Administration (degree and extended degree)

Extended degree in History and Degree in Geography and History

Social Education (degree and dip.)

English Studies (degree) and English Philology (extended degree)

History of Art (degree)

Social Work (degree and dip.)

Tourism (degree and dip.)

Education (degree and extended degree)

Mathematics (degree and extended degree)

Physics (degree and extended degree)

Environmental Science (degree and extended degree)

Sociology (degree and extended degree)

Chemistry (degree and extended degree)

Spanish Lang. & Lit. (degree) and Hispanic Phil. (ext. degree)

Dip. Business Science

Economics (degree and extended degree)

Philosophy (degree and extended degree)

Educational Psychology (ext. degree)

Social and Cultural Anthropology (degree) and Anthropology (ext. degree)

Politics (degree and extended degree)

Legal and Public Admin. Sciences (degree)

Mechanical Engineering (degree) and Industrial Engineering (speciality: mechanics)Electronic Engineering (degree) and Industrial Engineering (speciality: Electronics)Electrical Engineering (degree) and Industrial Engineering (speciality: Electricity)

IT Engineering (degree) and Information Management Eng.

IT Engineering (degree and eng. degree) and IT Engineering Systems

Industrial Technology (degree) and Industrial Eng.

Accessible by mature students

Postgrads

Senior University

109

234A

8 ANNEX


Valencian UniversitiesUniversidad Europea de Madrid Total academic staff: 224 Total students: 857

Degree in Architecture

Degree in Fundamentals of Architecture

Degree in Law

Degree in Management and Creation of Companies

Degree in Nursing

Degree in Marketing and Sales Management

Degree in Dentistry

Degree in Translation and Intercultural Com.

Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir Total academic staff: 752 Total students: 9,507

Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences

Faculty of Experimental Sciences

Faculty of Sociology and Human Sciences

Faculty of Psychology and Health Sciences

Faculty of Nursing

Faculty of Business Studies

Faculty of Medicine

Faculty of Social and Legal Sciences

Centro de Formación Florida Universitaria Total academic staff: 102 Total students: 1,235

Dip. Business Science

Extended degree in Business Administration and Management

Dip. Tourism

Industrial Engineering, Speciality: Mechanics

Industrial Engineering, Speciality: Electronics

Industrial Engineering, Double Speciality: Electronics - Mechanics

Double Qualification ADE - Tourism

Degree in Business Administration and Management

Degree in Finance and Accounting

Degree in Tourism

Degree in Industrial Engineering - Mechanics

Degree in Industrial Engineering - Electronics

Degree in Infant Education

Degree in Primary Education

In addition to the above universities, Valencia has other national and international educational centres such as

ESIC, Florida State University, ESAT, Berklee College of Music and EDEM.

109

235 A

ANNEX 9Central Park

Source: Sociedad Valencia Parque Central Alta Velocidad 2003 | Year: 2013

Current view and planned work on Central Park.

Central Park in figures

Project total 630,000.00 m2

Standardised use 0.93

Private housing 436,580.00 m2

Tertiary 127,000.00 m2

Subsidised housing 67,319.00 m2

Plots 3, 4, 10 and 11 (railway) 163,000.00 m2

60,000.00 m2

223,000.00 m2

Sum of appropriations: primary network 342,568.00 m2

Sum of appropriations: secondary network 163,078.00 m2

Appropriations for schools 33,378.00 m2

Gardens and pedestrian paths 65,987.00 m2

Sporting and recreational facilities 7,319.00 m2

Administrative and institutional 3,072.00 m2

Other facilities for the neighbourhood 8,472.00 m2

Roads and parking 44,850.00 m2

Sum total facilities (primary + secondary network) 505,646.00 m2

113

236A

9 ANNEX

Juan Carlos I Royal Marina

Grao Urban Planning Project

Area: 1,355,352 m2

Grao Urban Planning Project figures

Total Grao area including garden 380,027 m2

Area not inc. Turia Gardens 339,759 m2

Planned green spaces 53,693 m2

Free space with navigable delta 170,000 m2

Delta surface area 140,000 m2

Building permission - housing 286,718 m2 t

Homes 2,548

Building permission - tertiary 95,572 m2 t

Authorised height up to 50 floors

114

237 A

S» ANNEX

238A

S ANNEX RETAIL

Retail

E-commerce in Spain

Source: Pateco | Year: 2012

Source: Spanish Telecommunication Market Commission | Year: 2013

Ranking 2012 Country 2012

1 USA 2,744,127.4

2 CHN 1,567,078.0

3 JPN 1,339,537.6

4 DEU 539,076.2

5 FRA 515,826.4

6 GBR 498,325.5

7 RUS 472,648.6

8 IND 389,132.3

9 ITA 373,702.6

10 BRA 333,874.8

11 CAN 322,706.2

12 ESP 248,486.8

13 AUS 230,582.5

14 MEX 192,190.3

15 KOR 186,959.5

16 IRN 182,324.1

17 TUR 149,115.0

18 IDN 137,304.0

19 ARG 117,666.3

20 NLD 114,635.3

Total turnover Annual rate of change

2001 127,093,282

2002 233,581,171 83.8%

2003 445,213,665 90.6%

2004 890,031,766 99.9%

2005 1,547,706,448 73.9%

2006 2,464,510,528 59.2%

2007 3,740,055,810 51.8%

2008 5,183,816,091 38.6%

2009 5,751,732,784 11.0%

2010 7,317,634,932 27.2%

2011 9,200,730,838 25.7%

2012 10,455,152,096 13.6%

Retail turnover by country. Millions of dollars

Annual cumulative turnover from e-commerce in Spain (euros and percentage)

122

239 A

ANNEX SRETAIL

Source: Kantar Worldpanel | Year: 2012

Retail cluster

Food distribution chains

Source: Compiled by author from accounts data from the Companies Registry | Year: 2011

We have included companies with turnover of more than 41 million euros in the Valencia metropolitan region from retail, except for those that sell

motor vehicles and vehicle fuel.

Net turnover* (euros) EMPLOYEES % net turnover / total % Employees / total

19,441,328,358 85,553 27.9% 27.7%

Main FMCG retail chains*

* FMCG: fast-moving consumer goods.

MERCADONA

TOTAL DIA

CARREFOUR HIPER

EROSKI SUPERS

ALCAMPO

LIDL

CONSUM COOP.

HIPER EROSKI

AHORRAMAS

CAPRABO

SIMPLY MARKET

GRUPO GADISA

EL ARBOL

ALIMERKA

GRUPO BON PREU

1.3

0.4

0.0

-0.2

0.2

0.0

0.0

-0.2

0.1

-0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

% market share in value Change in share of POS

Aggregate net turnover and aggregate total workers.

Percentage of aggregate total net turnover and percentage of total aggregate total workers, both in relation to

the total for companies in the Valencia metropolitan region with a turnover of more than 41 million.

124

123

240A

S ANNEX RETAIL

Ranking of the main companies in Spain by turnover


Position - Spain - net turnover*

2011Name Province Position - Spain

employment 2011

1 COMPAÑIA ESPAÑOLA DE PETROLEOS SAU MADRID 150

2 REPSOL PETROLEO SA MADRID 125

3 REPSOL COMERCIAL DE PRODUCTOS PETROLIFEROS SA MADRID 986

4 MERCADONA SA VALENCIA 1

5 EL CORTE INGLES SA MADRID 3

6 ENDESA ENERGIA SAU MADRID 579

7 IBERDROLA GENERACION SOCIEDAD ANONIMA VIZCAYA 209

8 TELEFONICA DE ESPAÑA SA MADRID 8

9 TELEFONICA, SA MADRID 529

10 CENTROS COMERCIALES CARREFOUR SA MADRID 7

11 TELEFONICA MOVILES ESPAÑA SA MADRID 103

12 PETROLEOS DEL NORTE SOCIEDAD ANONIMA VIZCAYA 440

13 BP OIL ESPAÑA SA CASTELLON 582

14 VODAFONE ESPAÑA SA MADRID 96

15 GAS NATURAL SDG SA BARCELONA 184

16 PEUGEOT CITRO-N AUTOMOVILES ESPAÑA, SA VIGO 28

17 SEAT SA BARCELONA 25

18 RENAULT ESPAÑA SA VALLADOLID 27

19 INDUSTRIA DE DISEÑO TEXTIL SA CORUNNA 385

20 FORD ESPAÑA SL VALENCIA 62

21 IBERIA LINEAS AEREAS DE ESPAÑA SOCIEDAD ANONIMA OPERADORA MADRID 14

22 ENDESA GENERACION SA SEVILLE 233

23 GENERAL MOTORS ESPAÑA SL ZARAGOZA 58

24 DISTRIBUIDORA INTERNACIONAL DE ALIMENTACION SA MADRID 15

25 FRANCE TELECOM ESPAÑA SA MADRID 167

125

241 A

ANNEX SFOOD AND AGRICULTURE


Position - ValenciaNet Turnover* 2011

Companies in the Valencia metropolitan regionin the Top 100 in the food and agriculture cluster

Position - SpainNet turnover 2011

6 MARTINEZ LORIENTE SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 299.

7 ANECOOP S COOP 343.

8 COMPAÑIA LEVANTINA DE BEBIDAS GASEOSAS, SA (COLEGEBA) 346.

10 MAICERIAS ESPAÑOLAS SA 525.

13 FONT SALEM SL 623.

14 REFRESCO IBERIA SA 637.

15 ROQUETTE LAISA ESPAÑA, SA 673.

16 SADA P A VALENCIA SA 679.

18 PRODUCTOS DULCESOL SL 788.

19 DESARROLLOS ALIMENTARIOS FRESCOS SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 795.

27 IMPORTACO SA 955.

28 SANLUCAR FRUIT SL 963.

29 EUROGROUP ESPAÑA FRUTAS Y VERDURAS SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 966.

30 COMPANIES COMERCIALES E INDUSTRIALES VALENCIANAS SOCIEDAD LIMITADA 982.

31 UNIVEG TRADE SPAIN SA 990.

51 PRODUCCIONES AGROPECUARIAS DEL TURIA AGROTURIA SA 1350.

54 NATRA CACAO SOCIEDAD LIMITADA 1384.

58 HUEVOS GUILLEN SOCIEDAD LIMITADA 1500.

63 EMBUTIDOS F MARTINEZ R SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 1608.

64 SIRO PATERNA SA 1612.

71 JUAN Y JUAN INDUSTRIAL SL (DULCESOL) 1742.

75 GREFUSA SL 1756.

77 DULCESA SL 1814.

80 AGROVERT SL 1888.

84 RAMAFRUT SL 1922.

87 VERDIFRESH SL 2092.

90 MIGUEL AGUILAR SL 2126.

91 FONTESTAD SA 2150.

93 FORNS VALENCIANS FORVA SA 2163.

94 BOLLO INTERNATIONAL FRUITS SL 2188.

Food and agriculture cluster

TOP 100 - food and agriculture cluster

Net turnover EMPLOYEES % net turnover % Employees

11,617,768,597 38,615 16.6% 12.5%


We have included companies with turnover of more than 41 million in the Valencia metropolitan region from crop and animal production, forestry

and fishing, the food and drink industry and, lastly, service companies that specialise in distribution and wholesale of these kinds of products.




128

242A

S ANNEX MOTOR INDUSTRYS ANNEX

Motor industry

Vehicle producers

Source: Spanish Association of Car and Lorry Manufacturers (ANFAC) | Year: 2012


Vehicle manufacturing industry

No. of companies based in Spain 9

No. of plants in Spain 17

Vehicle production 1,979,179

Car production 1,539,680

Production of industrial vehicles 439,499

Exports as a % of total production 87.4

Vehicle exports as a % of total Spanish exports 10.3

Motor industry 20122

Industry’s exports as a % of Spanish exports 16.1

Industry’s share of GDP 6.0

Employment as a % of total working population3 7.2

(2) Manufacture of vehicles and parts

(3) Includes manufacturers of vehicles, equipment and components, activities complementary to production, distribution and mar-keting, after-sales, financial services and insurance, transport, service stations, rental and driving schools.

National data - motor industry (cars and industrial vehicles).

Main countries that produce vehicles.

Country 2012

CHN 19,271,808

USA 10,328,884

JPN 9,942,711

DEU 5,649,269

KOR 4,557,738

IND 4,145,194

BRA 3,342,617

MEX 3,001,974

THA 2,483,043

CAN 2,463,732

RUS 2,231,737

ESP 1,979,179

FRA 1,967,765

GBR 1,576,945

CZE 1,178,938

130

243 A

ANNEX SMOTOR INDUSTRY ANNEX S

Vehicle production by Autonomous Communities 2012

Vehicle production

Modes of transport cluster


7,575,612,968 16,349 10.9% 5.3%

Basque Country

Navarre

Galicia

Valencian Community

Community of Madrid

Catalonia

Castile-Leon

Aragon

Andalusia



We have included companies with turnover of more than 41 million in the Valencia metropolitan region from production of cars, components, parts

and accessories for cars. Ford is the largest company in this cluster. Companies that manufacture locomotives, railway materials, transport machinery

and ships are included.




131

244A

S ANNEX


Position - Valencianet turnover 2011

Companies in the Valencia metropolitan regionin the top 100 in the logistics and transport cluster

Position - SpainNet turnover 2011

6 AIR NOSTRUM LINEAS AEREAS DEL MEDITERRANEO SA 264.

12 AUTOPISTAS AUMAR SOCIEDAD ANONIMA CONCESIONARIA DEL ESTADO 535.

24 AMCOR FLEXIBLES ESPAÑA SL 887.

25 MEDITERRANEAN SHIPPING COMPANY ESPAÑA SL 908.

41 NOATUM PORTS VALENCIANA SA. 1145.

46 SOCIEDAD DE ESTIBA Y DESESTIBA DEL PUERTO DE VALENCIA SOCIEDAD ANONIMA DEGESTION DE ESTIBADORES PORTUARIOS 1221.

53 CARTONAJES UNION SL 1379.

68 MEDITERRANEAN SHIPPING COMPANY TERMINAL VALENCIA SA 1668.

87 TIBA INTERNACIONAL, SOCIEDAD ANONIMA 2034.

90 RAMINATRANS SOCIEDAD LIMITADA 2115.

TOP 100 in the logisticsand transport cluster

LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORT

Logistics and transport cluster


5,215,749,711 19,409 7.5% 6.3%





We have included companies with turnover of more than 41 million in the Valencia metropolitan region from production of packaging and contai-

ners, storage, transport (by road, rail, sea and air), distribution, logistics services and real estate.

134

245 A

Production in construction

Source: Eurostat | Year: 2013

Total Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13

EA17 -7.9 -6.4 -3.8 -2.0 -2.2 -4.7

EU28 -7.4 -5.6 -4.1 -1.9 -1.2 -2.5

BEL -6.6 -8.4 -4.4 0.8 -0.8 :

BGR -5.9 3.6 -11.2 -8.8 -6.9 -9.5

CZE -20.6 -14.0 -17.3 -10.2 -2.7 -6.9

DNK -3.7 -1.9 6.1 -1.4 2.5 :

DEU -14.0 -1.3 -2.4 -1.5 0.7 0.1

EST** : : : : : :

IRL** : : : : : :

GRC** : : : : : :

ESP 12.8 -12.4 11.9 5.8 7.6 7.0

FRA -5.2 -2.8 -3.3 -1.2 -3.3 -0.8

HRV** : :

ITA -21.0 -10.6 -15.1 -9.6 -10.2 -10.6

CYP** : : : : : :

LVA** : : : : : :

LTU** : : : : : :

LUX -4.7 -4.6 -4.2 -3.0 -5.9 :

HUN 6.3 7.7 11.3 12.5 2.0 14.6

MLT** : : : : : :

NLD -5.8 -10.1 -4.5 -4.2 -3.7 -1.1

AUT -3.4 0.7 -0.7 0.7 -1.8 :

POL -17.0 -25.2 -28.5 -16.3 -6.4 -8.9

PRT -16.9 -23.6 -12.8 -12.3 -16.6 -12.8

ROU 1.9 -11.9 -9.9 1.0 14.5 8.9

SVN -31.8 -18.7 -11.5 -2.1 1.7 -4.5

SVK -12.6 -10.6 -12.6 -10.7 -6.8 -5.0

FIN -2.5 -7.3 -4.9 -3.2 4.3 c

SWE 2.4 -1.9 1.9 -0.9 -1.8 5.0

GBR -6.1 0.9 -1.6 1.8 3.0 3.5

Homes Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13

EA17 -6.9 -6.0 -3.6 -1.6 -1.8 -4.3

EU28 -6.7 -4.8 -3.4 -1.3 -0.5 -1.4

Civil engineering Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13

EA17 -11.8 -8.0 -4.6 -3.1 -3.6 -7.4

EU28 -9.7 -8.5 -6.6 -3.6 -3.3 -7.3

% change over same month the previous year

** These Member States are not obliged to provide monthly data under Council Regulation 1165/98: data not available.

ANNEX SCONSTRUCTION AND PROPERTY

138

246A

S ANNEX

TotalNational

RegionalValencian Valencia Madrid Barcelona Seville Zaragoza Malaga

Total homes

1st quarter 1,777.60 1,383.50 1,719.20 2,921.00 3,103.50 2,092.80 1,914.50 1,765.90

2nd quarter 1,752.10 1,347.10 1,653.60 2,886.80 3,103.10 2,052.90 1,880.90 1,738.20

3rd quarter 1,729.30 1,357.90 1,658.00 2,861.80 2,991.60 2,031.00 1,835.50 1,724.90

4th quarter 1,701.80 1,340.40 1,701.10 2,863.80 2,885.70 2,041.40 1,769.40 1,695.50

Homes up to 2 years old

1st quarter 1,793.80 1,643.70 2,325.80 3,131.20 3,322.10 2,354.90 2,278.50 -

2nd quarter 1,770.70 1,549.20 1,884.00 3,081.10 4,424.30 2,306.30 2,253.50 2,165.70

3rd quarter 1,747.50 1,531.90 - 3,071.50 3,627.70 - 2,093.00 2,054.10

4th quarter 1,721.10 1,513.00 2,722.20 3,493.90 3,651.80 2,443.80 1,987.80 2,041.60

Homes more than 2 years old

1st quarter 1,764.80 1,278.50 1,706.90 2,915.20 3,102.60 2,086.10 1,909.90 1,760.60

2nd quarter 1,739.40 1,244.70 1,649.80 2,876.50 3,036.90 2,046.40 1,863.10 1,728.80

3rd quarter 1,719.00 1,258.50 1,655.50 2,845.80 2,987.20 2,026.10 1,824.80 1,702.50

4th quarter 1,691.80 1,234.70 1,633.70 2,812.90 2,856.30 2,012.60 1,758.60 1,674.20

Average price per m2 for private homes by age.

House prices

Construction cluster

net turnover EMPLOYEES % net turnover % Employees

4,695,431,470 17,694 6.7% 5.7%


CONSTRUCTION AND PROPERTY





We have included companies with turnover of more than 41 million in the Valencia metropolitan region from residential and non-residential construc-

tion, development, manufacture and supply of all kinds of materials for construction.

139

247 A

ANNEX SChemical industry

Source: Spanish Chemical Industry Business Federation | Year: 2011

Distribution of turnover by Autonomous Communities

Chemical cluster

net turnover EMPLOYEES % net turnover % Employees

2,074,060,506 6,854 3.0% 2.2%

Madrid

Catalonia

Andalusia

Valencian C.

Rest





We have included companies with turnover of more than 41 million in the Valencia metropolitan region from organic and non-organic chemical

products, agrochemicals, perfume and cosmetics, proprietary medicinal products, basic pharmaceutical products, etc.

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

141

248A

S ANNEX

Number of Tourists Average stay (days) Average Daily Expenditure ( )

ITA 219,551 6 90.9

FRA 174,670 9.5 74.6

GBR 99,465 8.8 75.5

DEU 83,696 12 76.2

NLD 71,566 8.5 91.5

PRT 46,094 6.2 91.8

BEL 37,603 8.1 91.8

rest 480,343 - -

Total 1,212,987 11.1 81.2

Hotel accommodation by category (2012)

Foreign tourists by place of origin

Hotel accommodation

Foreign tourists

Compiled by author. Source: Valencian Statistics Institute | Year: 2012

Compiled by author: Source: IET-Valencia Tourist Board. Frontur-Egatur | Year: 2012

Category

Valencian C. Valencia Province

Valencia city

Absolute figures % of province % of autonomous com.

Number Beds Number Beds Number Beds Number Beds Number Beds

* 120 5,977 37 1,956 4 164 11% 8% 3% 3%

** 175 12,983 50 3,068 7 833 14% 27% 4% 6%

*** 267 49,223 88 12,178 22 3,658 25% 30% 8% 7%

**** 169 51,340 58 14,700 32 8,980 55% 61% 19% 17%

***** 17 4,553 7 1,596 6 1,571 86% 98% 35% 35%

Total 748 124,076 240 33,498 71 15,206 30% 45% 9% 12%

TOURISM

143

249 A

ANNEX SBiotechnology companies

Source: OECD | 2013

Number of companies active in biotechnology or that carried out RDI in a field of

biotechnology in 2011

USA

ESP

FRA

KOR

DEU

AUS

JPN

GBR

MEX

NZL

BEL

CHE

ITA

NLD

IRL

ISR

NOR

FIN

SWE

PRT

DNK

AUT

CZE

POL

EST

SVN

ZAF

SVK

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000

BIOTECHNOLOGY

146

250A

S ANNEX

World production of renewable energy (2011). Unit: GW

Renewable production

Source | REN21 | 2012

CHN

USA

DEU

ESP

ITA

IND

0 10

Wind power Solar PV Biopower Geothermal CSP and ocean

90

86

71

31

29

24

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

NEW TECHNOLOGIES

149

251 A

ANNEX SNEW TECHNOLOGIES

e-ICT Cluster in the Valencian Community

[1] ESTIC members have aggregate turnover of 2,800 million euros and employ 12,000 workers. At national level, it is a member of the Spanish Confederation of IT, Communications and Electronics Companies (CONECTIC) and, at European level, it is a member of the European confederation Pan European ICT & eBusiness Network for SME (Pin-Sme).

e-ICT cluster

ESTIC, the Business Association for the ICT Industry[1]

ITI, the Research Institute of Technology, specialises in RDI promoted by the Valencian Ministry ofIndustry and Trade

ITACA,theResearchandDevelopmentInstitute,runbyUniversidadPolitécnicadeValencia

ESPAITEC, Science and Technology Park, run by Universidad Jaume I in Castellon

ANETCOM, Association for the Promotion of E-commerce in Companies

AECTA, Association of Consulting Companies

KNX, Association of Companies Specialising in Home Automation

AVANT, Association of Innovative Companies of Valencia

OVSI, Valencian Foundation for the Information Society

COIICV, Board of Computer Engineers of the Valencian Community

QUORUM Foundation of the Business and Science Park of Universidad Miguel Hernández, a company incubator.

Source: Compiled by author | ESTIC | 2013

154

252A

S ANNEX

ICT valencian industry exports

Source: IVEX, CV report 2013

Main destinations 2012.

COUNTRY

Exports

% change year-on-year

Millions of euros Relative

FRA 88.53 37.1% -51.54

ITA 42.08 17.6% -73.56

DEU 18.99 7.9% -50.17

USA 15.16 6.3% 445.79

MYS 9.9 4.1% 1.65

PRT 9.89 4.1% -51.27

GBR 6.92 2.9% -42.99

NLD 5.48 2.3% -77.07

MAR 4.89 2.0% 384.17

BEL 4.37 1.8% -63.38

SVK 4.13 1.7% 6,341.87

GRC 3.59 1.5% -33.11

Others 24.97 10.5% -

Total 238.9 100.0% -51.9

NEW TECHNOLOGIES

153

» Resource guide

254

RESOURCES

PUBLIC AUTHORITIES

Valencia City Council

www.valencia.es

Valencia City Council’s central website

https://sede.valencia.es

Valencia City Council Statistics Office

http://www.valencia.es/estadistica

Valencia Provincial Council

www.dival.es/

Autonomous Government of Valencia

www.gva.es/

LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORT

AENA Aeropuertos

http://www.aena-aeropuertos.es

Valencia http://www.aena-aeropuertos.es/csee/Satellite/Aeropuerto-Valencia/es/Inicio.html

Madrid http://www.aena-aeropuertos.es/csee/Satellite/Aeropuerto-Madrid-Barajas/es/Inicio.html

Alicante http://www.aena-aeropuertos.es/csee/Satellite/Aeropuerto-Alicante/es/Inicio.html

Puerto de Valencia- Valencia's Port

http://www.valenciaport.com/es-ES/Paginas/default_es_ES.aspx

Government Ports

http://www.puertos.es

ADIF (Railway Infrastructure Manager)

http://www.adif.es

Ministry of Public Works

http://www.fomento.es

Valencia municipal transport company

http://www.emtvalencia.es

255

ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

VLC Emprende

http://www.valenciaemprende.es/es/

InnDea Valencia

http://inndeavalencia.com/

Valencia Chamber of Commerce

http://www.camaravalencia.com

Institute of Small and Medium-sized Valencian Industry (IMPIVA)

www.impiva.es/

Companies Registry of Valencia and its province

http://www.rmvalencia.com/

Official Notary Public Association of Valencia

http://www.cnotarial-valencia.com

Feria Valencia

www.feriavalencia.com

Valencia Conference Centre

www.palcongres-vlc.com

Valencia Stock Exchange

http://www.bolsavalencia.es

Valencia Tourist Board

http://www.turisvalencia.es

IVACE (Valencian Institute of Business Competitiveness)

http://www.ivace.es/

One-Stop Shop

http://www.eugo.es/

One-Stop Shop for Businesses

http://www.ventanillaempresarial.org/

Inland Revenue

www.agenciatributaria.es/

Social Security central website

https://sede.seg-social.gob.es

RESOURCES

256

INTERNATIONAL

Valencia international

http://www.valenciainternacional.es/es/

Valencia Consular Corp

http://www.cuerpoconsulardevalencia.org/page1.php

Valencian Export Institute

http://www.ivex.es

ICEX. Spanish Exports and Investment

http://www.icex.es

Invest in Spain (Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness)

http://www.investinspain.org

Spain Business

http://www.spainbusiness.com

UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH

Universidad de Valencia

http://www.uv.es/

UniversidadPolitécnicadeValencia

http://www.upv.es/

VLC/Campus (International Campus of Excellence)

http://www.vlc-campus.com/

Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera

www.uchceu.es/

Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir

www.ucv.es

Universidad Europea Valencia

http://valencia.universidadeuropea.es/

Florida State University

http://valencia.fsu.edu/

ESIC Valencia

www.esic.edu/valencia

RESOURCES

257

Florida Universitaria

www.floridauniversitaria.es

Escuela Superior Arte y Tecnología (ESAT)

www.esat.es/

Berklee College of Music

http://valencia.berklee.edu

Network of Universities for the Promotion of Research, Development and Innovation (RUVID)

http://ruvid.webs.upv.es

Network of Institutes of Technology in the Valencian Community. REDIT

http://www.redit.es

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA

http://www.incliva.es/

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe

http://www.iislafe.es/

Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública

http://www.csisp.gva.es/

Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe

http://www.cipf.es/

RESOURCES

Institutional Author:

Ayuntamiento de Valencia

Área de Relaciones Internacionales

General Management and Coordination:

IdeasEstratégicasdeMarketingyComunicaciónS.L.www.ideasestrategicas.es

Technical staff:

• Editorialdepartment:

IdeasEstratégicasdeMarketingyComunicaciónS.L.

• TradeRegisteranalysisanddatabaseprocessing:

Taxo S.L. www.taxo.es

• TerritorialAnalysis:

Nadia Cabrera

• Taxation:

Versis Consulting www.versis.es

Design and Layout:

Antonio G. Valledor www.valledor.net

Translation:

Escuela Taronja www.taronjaschool.com

Photos:

Ayuntamiento de Valencia

Turismo Valencia

Autoridad Portuaria de Valencia

Universidad de Valencia

UniversidadPolitécnicadeValencia

Palacio de Congresos de Valencia

Feria Valencia

Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias

Consorcio Valencia 2007

Sociedad Valencia Parque Central

Front cover picture: J.M. Llorente, under creative commons license

Published in December 2013


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