invertebrates
DESCRIPTION
Invertebrates. Invertebrate. - Organism without a backbone. 3 Main Body Plans. 1. Bilateral. 2. Radial. 3. Asymmetrical. Bilateral. - Two sides of the body mirror each other. Radial. - Symmetry is found all around the center point. Asymmetrical. - There is no line of symmetry. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Invertebrates
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- Two sides of the body mirror each other
- There is no line of symmetry
- Symmetry is found all around the center point
Bilateral
3 Main Body Plans
Invertebrate
1. Bilateral
- Organism without a backbone
Radial
3. Asymmetrical2. Radial
Asymmetrical
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- Space surrounding the gut- Can have other organs within
Ganglion
- All animals except sponges have nerves
Gut - A pouch used to break down food
- Concentrated mass of nerve cells
Coelom
- Nerves allow animal to sense environment
Invertebrate Characteristics
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- Live in water
Regeneration
- Simplest invertebrates- Asymmetrical
- Can regenerate broken or missing parts
- Ability to grow back a body part
Sponges
Pores -Holes on the outside of body-Water brings in food and oxygen
Osculum -Hole on top of sponge that allows water to leave
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- Swims through waterMedusa
- Ex: Jellyfish, Anemones- Two body forms: Medusa or Polyp
- Usually attach to a surface
- Radial symmetryCnidarians
Polyp
-complex tissue and a gut-simple nerve cells-stinging cells
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Classes of CnidariansHydrozoans -common cnidarians
-live in both fresh and salt water-most spend lives as polyps
Jellyfish -use tentacles to catch food-spend most of lives as medusas
Sea anemones -brightly colored-spend lives as polyps
Coral -polyps-brightly colored-made of calcium carbonate-live in colonies-build reefs
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- Many are parasites Trichinella spiralis- Some infect humans pinworms and
hookworms- decomposers
- Simple nervous system- Brain is a ring of ganglia
- Bilateral symmetryRound Worms
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- Cannot see through eyespots, but sense light
- Clearly defined head- Two large eyespots
Planarian
- Bilateral symmetryFlatworms
- Some can be parasitic- 3 main type
-Live in freshwater-predators-well developed nervous system
Flukes -parasites-no eyespots-contain suckers and hooks to attach to other animals
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Tapeworm -parasites-no gut or eyespots-attach to the intestines of other animalsAbsorb nutrients-can infect humans
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Mollusks and Annelid Worms
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Mollusks-Most live in the ocean-some live in freshwater and land
-complex ganglia-contain a circulatory system
-Bodies are made of :-Muscular foot-used for movement-Visceral mass- contains gut, gills, and other organs
-Mantle-covering used for protection if no shell
-Shell-hard covering used for protection
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Gastropods -slugs and snails-eat by using a radula tongue with curved teeth
3 Classes of Mollusks
Bivalves - 2 shells
-clams and other shellfish-use gills to filter food from water
Cephalopods -Octopus and squid-use tentacles to get food and a powerful jaw to eat it
-contain large brain connected to ganglia
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Annelid Worms-segmented worms
-bodies are in segments identical repeating body parts-bilateral symmetry-circulatory system-Complex nervous system with brain-Live in salt water, freshwater or on land
-3 major groups
Earthworms -most common-decomposers
-leave casting in soil produce rich soilUse stiff hairs or bristles to move
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Marine Worms -Colorful-Live in ocean-Polychaetes covered in bristles-Eat mollusks or filter water for food
Leeches -Parasites that suck blood produces a chemical that thins blood can be used medically-Scavengers that eat dead animals
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Arthropods and Echinoderms
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4. Compound Eyes3. External Skeleton (Exoskeleton)
Exoskeleton
Four Characteristics Shared by Arthropods1. Segmented and specialized body2. Jointed limbs
- Several identical light-sensitive unitsCompound Eye
- Body parts bend at joints
- Hard covering of the body- Feelers that sense touch, taste, and smellAntennae
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Ex: Shrimp, Crab, Lobster- Have compound eyes
Mandible
Crustaceans- Have gills, antennae, and mandibles
- Mouthparts that can pierce objects
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- Simple eyes- 4 pairs of legs
Arachnids- 2 body parts: Cephalothorax and Abdomen
-spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks
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- 3 main body parts- Six legs
Insects- Largest group of arthropods
1. Head2. Thorax3. Abdomen
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Metamorphosis
- Grows from smaller youth to larger adult
Complete Metamorphosis
- Change from young to adult
- Organism goes through a complete change
- No major changes in organismIncomplete Metamorphosis
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- Internal bones and cartilage
- Means “spiny skinned”
Endoskeleton
Echinoderms
Sea stars, Sand Dollars
- Simple nervous system- contains a mouth
- Radial symmetry
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- System of canalsWater Vascular System
- Used to move, eat, sense environment, breathe- Circulates water
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Types of Echinoderms
Brittle Stars Basket Stars
Sea UrchinsSand Dollars
Sea LiliesFeather Stars
Sea Cucumbers
-long slim arms-smaller than sea star
-round with no arms-shell-like structure
-use spines and tube feet to move
-have multiple feathery arms
-no arms and worm-shaped