inventing in an expanding frontier of ignorance
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Inventing in anxpanding Frontier o
Ignorance
TRIZ forInformation-era
ArticialIntelligence andSystems with a
I!"!avneet#$h%shan&cratti#com
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.ongrat%lationsand Than/
012
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3We do not yet
know all thebasic laws:there is anexpandingfrontier of
i norance4 5
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3We do notyet know all
the basiclaws: there isan expandingfrontier of
ignorance4 5RichardFeynman67ect%res on
8hysics9
Altsh%ller
At the dawn o the humanrae man!ind on"ueredthe ill%minating power ofre.
#ow we are learning toconquer something muhmore $owerul% the powerof mind% to $enetrate and
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7aws and 7ife ;
&irst Law o 'hermod(namis< Energy ofthe 2niverse is constant#
)eond Law o 'hermod(namis < TheEntropy of the 2niverse always
increases#
6/1/16© Craftti Consulting Private Ltd. *
7iving creat%res + are the( an e,am$leo anti-thesis to seond law
37iving creat%res onound the usualom$utation o entro$(. ore generall(
so does information0 =ames >leic/ in3The Information4
From o$servations andmeas%rements9 the physicistsderive scientic laws? with these
laws9 people create machines neverseen in nat%re9 with the most
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@hat 7ife does it EvolvesB
6/1/16© Craftti Consulting Private Ltd. 6
.harles"arwinB
C%estion
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D#everything else -The Theory ofEvol%tion Explaining Human
Cultural Evolution!
6/1/16© Craftti Consulting Private Ltd.
att 5idle(% “the way thehuman history is taught cantherefore mislead, because it
places far too much emphasis
on design, direction and planning, and far too littleon evolution”.
'he wa( in whih thestreams o humanulture ow is grad%al9incremental9
%ndirected9emergent and driven$y nat%ral selectionamong competingideas.
And though it has nogoal in mind% ulturalevolution none the less
produces functionaland in enious
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)(stem + a newunderstanding 9#A)A re$ort 2::;<• Cosmi 8volution% the idea that
the universe and its onstituent$arts are onstantl( evolving% has=eome widel( ae$ted onl( in thelast *: (ears. > a entur( ater?arwin $ro$osed that evolution =(natural seletion a$$lies to lie onour own $lanet
• Cosmos and Culture @ Cultural 8volutionin a Cosmi Conte,t / )teven . ?i! andar! Lu$isella% editors. 9#A)A 5e$ort2::;<
6/1/16© Craftti Consulting Private Ltd. B
8mergeneo rder%&orm and
)truture
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D#E8#'D# and ethod o D#E8#'D#F0
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#ew and #on-o=vious 'ehnial )olution to aPro=lem 98atent 7aw<
– #ew 9#ovel< in the wholeworld
–#on-o=vious 9there is aninventive ste$<
– 'ehnial solution9tehne0% Free! or Gart%s!ill% unning o hand<
– Pro=lem 9usuall( aonit% ontradition orhange
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)J)'8 A#? &7#C'D#
1:
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)(stem - rom undamental $rini$les $ointo view
– set o elements wor!ing together toahieve an o=Ketive or $erorm a
untion.
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TRIZ - )J)'8) 8ELE8) 'A5?) D?8ALD'J
11
•
Altshuller was the frst to realie that the diretiono $rogress% or tehnial evolution% is defned =(inreasing the idealit( level
• An Ddeal s(stem does not e,ist% =ut all o itsuntions are ulflled at the right time and at theright $lae > without energ(% su=stane% or other
resoures% and without an( ill eMets.
Ddealit( $rovides an
overall starting $oint orthin!ing + rather thansearhing in the urrentmess0
Searching for aneedle in a
Gaystac/B
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'5DN LA) & )J)'8 8EL7'D#
12
Paths to D?8ALD'J
)# 7aw of
#ncreasing$egree of#deality %#ncreasing &atio%'(ene)ts*Harm+cost
+# 7aw of -on%uniform evolution ofsubsystems %'.eads to /ystemCon0icts
Trial and
Error
• Technical.ontradictions
• 8hysical.ontradictions
• Administrative.ontradictions
• Inventive8rinciples
• Separation8rinciples
H# 7aw of1ransition to ahigher.evelsystem
%'fromsimple tomore
complex
# 7aw of#ncreasing
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HumanComponent ,# 7aw of/hortening ofEnergy 4low 5ath%' &eduction inEnergy*#nfotransformation
stagesK# 7aw of#ncreasingcontrollability %'Evolution ofcontrolledinteractions of
system elements
(# 7aw of Harmoni6ation of rhythms %'
/ynchroni6ation of natural fre7uencies ofelements
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'5DN - * Levels o Dnvention
13
44O o in ven tion
s
emana te rom a
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D#E8#' )'5#F - &5A85I
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• Changes in the)(stem Hierarh( +#ew/alternativeo$erating
$rini$les o thes(stem
• Laws o )(stem
8volution – 5esolving System
.ontradiction
–
oving along the
8aths toI"EA7IT0 + (7aws of
SystemEvol%tion
Gow to Invent Strong AFramewor/
htt$@//$a$ers.ssrn.om/sol3/$a
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D#E8#' )'5#F - &5A85I
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in a 8atent 8sing Cra)tti9s
/trength of #nvention 1ool htt$@//aitri.org/tri-artiles/inside-tri/6*3-levels-o-innovation
6/1/1616 ©
A887E Filed
this patentin +**J
ItLs a 7evel +Invention
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Geight of Inventive Step 2sing7aws of Evol%tion
6/1/161 ©
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Ruanti(ing the Height o Dnventive)te$
6/1/161B ©
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1: an 2::6
Power System• Violence• Wealth• Knowledge• Knowledge based Violence
& Wealth• Violence & Wealth based
knowledge
Structure
of World
Technological
Systems• Information Technology• Industrial Automation• Genomics• io!Technology• Smart "aterials• #anotechnology• Pro$ulsion Technology
Geo Political System• Bipolarity/ Multi-polarity•
Multinational Companiescontrolling the world• Reducing Value of ation State
Social System• Rise of the !ndi"idual/#thnic/Religious
groupings
• uclear/Single parent family system• Rise of dissatisfaction
#conomic System• Small more etwor$ed
%rgani&ations•
Rapid Changes in the waywealth is generated
• 'ow tariff (arriers• Common Currencies and
compati(le economic systems• 'ow entry (arriers
%rgani&ation )orms• *ierarchies shifting to etwor$ed form
of %rgani&ation• *ierarchical etwor$s
• etwor$ed *ierarchies
Bhushan N and Rai K., Strategic Decision Making, Jan 2004, Sringer, !K.
orld is a Continuous
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Natureis
Fractal!heel ould have ome onl( rom a linear mind0+G%man mind + =eause there are no smoothsuraes in nature + or wheel to emerge there
sho%ld have $een a need for it in the
NORMAL IS NOT
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NORMAL IS NOTNATURAL!
Nature is NON- LINEAR!
With Apologies to Six Sigma Gurus!
Bl k S Th i t f
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Black Swan – The impact ofthe highly improbable
• “I cannot accept a pretense ofscience. I much prefer asophistiate raft focuse ontricks to a faile! science looking
for certainties" Nassim NicholasTaleb
"eath of#ertai$t
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#nti$Fragile
So&iet-'ar&ar Illusio$
“%ecturing Birs on flight anthinking that the lecture
cause their skill at flying"Nassim Nicholas Taleb
S%stems that(eome stro$ger
u$er stress
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D#?• 'H7FH'• C#)CD7)#
8))• P85
The STEI-.-T.8 odel
STEI• )PAC8-'D8• 8#85FJ-
A''85• D#&5A'D# . G A ! > E
.rafting !ew .hoices - Innovationand "ecision-a/ing in the>lo$aliMing @orldhttp
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6Revisit: Technical Systems in -Information Era
A technical system is a set of elements that interact with eachother and possibly with the environment to deliver whatsomething is used for % a useful or usable statethrough transforming either its own state or the stateof the environment in which it exist % which we call as
delivering a function
A technical system - since it is a transformation from one stateto another must have structure to ful)l its functions. Thestructure needs information. t has to have information
about states - or it has to be designed!structured for processing information - which gets manifested intransformation to multiple states.
The more “information” the system uses for performing itsdesignated function the more “automated” it becomes and
move to an ideal systems " # 1 law of reducing humaninvolvement 6/1/16© Craftti Consulting Private Ltd. 2*
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'5DN - Ideality in the Dnormation 8ra
6/1/16© Craftti Consulting Private Ltd. 26
Information
Era achine
withSoftware B
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HA' D) )&'A58 T.
6/1/162 ©
So"t#are has $een de"ined as (1) instructions (computer programs) that when executed provide desired function
and performance, (2) data structures that enable the
programs to adequately manipulate information, and (3)
documents that describe the operation and use of programs.
Software has considera(ly different characteristics than those of hardware
• Soft)are is e&elope or e$gi$eere* it is $ot ma$ufature i$the lassial se$se
• Soft)are oes$+t ,)ear-out• Most soft)are is ustom-(uilt. rather tha$ (ei$g assem(le
from existi$g ompo$e$ts /That ma% (e ha$gi$g to some exte$t
$o) 0
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Uroo!s + in (thial an-month
• Uroo!s desri=es the essene osotware entit( as a construct ofinterloc$ing concepts% data sets,relationships among data items,
algorithms and invocation offunctions. )ine this onstrut isa=strat + in the sense thatone$tual onstrut remainssame under diMerentre$resentations% it is diVult to=uild. Aording to Uroo!esW thisirreducible essence of modernsoftware systems% comple&ity,
conformity, changeability and6/1/162B ©
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A=strat odel o )&'A58
• )otware at the generi level is a=out data + $roessing%ommuniation and re$resentation. 'he out$ut o data$roessing leads to inormation on whih urther threeo$erations an =e $erormed% i.e.% $roessing% ommuniation and re$resentation. e an re$resent this at as =elow -
Proessing% ommuniation and storage/re$resentation odata% inormation and !nowledge an =e defned as thesotware tehnolog( at the a=strat level.
6/1/162; ©
D%&%
'rocessing
Reresentation
( StorageIN)*RM%&I*N
KN*+,-D.-
'rocessing
/ommunication
)ig+ ,+- Software technology in the a(stract form
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&he act o" design is a goa1oriented,constrained, decisionmaking,
e31oration 1earning acti5ity
#hich oerates #ithin a conte3t,
#hich deends uon the designer6s ercetion o" the conte3t7J.S. ero, Design 'rototyes8 % Kno#1edge Reresentation Scheme "or
Design, A !aga"ine, 9o1. ::, No. 4, :;;0.
Design is "ar more #idesread
and encomassing than #hat #e
usua11y ca11 so"t#are designKruchten '., So"t#are Design in a 'ost Modern -ra, I---
So"t#are, Mar%r, 2000s ;0s 00s
Object OrientedDesign Approaches
Software2rchitecture
Service Oriented ArchitectureModel Driven Development
Aspect Oriented Software DevelopmentXP/Agile Methods
No Si15er Bu11et
- 3 t e n t o " ! s e
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)otware )(stem 8volvesS
&untionalit( o )otware )(stem 95e"uirements<
5e"uirements onstruted into struture
?e$lo(ment and 7sage reates newre"uirements 9new untionalit(<
)otware s(stem hanges struture through – Addition o new strutural elements 9e.g. new
untionalit(<
– Changes 9e.g. =ug-f,ing< in the e,isting s(stem
8volutionar( nature o sotware s(stems !ee$s oninreasing s(stem om$le,it(
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)otware )(stem 8volution + .omplexityIncreases
/ o m 1 e
3 i t y
&ime
Dnitial )otware?esign
aKor ?esignChange
#ew
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Software .omplexity
.omplexity is IncreasingB
!on-physical nat%re of software
systems9 where int%ition9 experienceand %dgment of experts plays moreimportant role than Q%antitative andmeas%ra$le metrics of the traditionalengineering world#
Gow can we craft 3Systems ofSystems4 and 32ltra 7arge Systems4 Are we creating the approaches for
these;
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The way we are handling itD
Complexity leads to Emergence“I know English but none of my neurons do”
– Ray Kurweil ! “"ingularity is #ear”
$he E%olutionary &pproach & complex system that works is in%ariably found to ha%e
e%ol%ed from a simple system that worked' & complex
system designed from scratch ne%er works and cannot be
patched up to make it work –(rady )ooch
The needs of the f%t%re 2ltra
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The needs of the f%t%re 2ltra7arge Systems 627S: "esign
'hese tehnologies and methodologies +/=>, W?C,2$>, H5C, 3lobal Command @ Control /ystems,3lobal #nformation 3rid, -etwork Centric/ystems and others T. Dn !e( wa(s% however% eahis defient in meeting the hallenges assoiated with7L) s(stems o the uture.
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!1tra arge Sca1e Systems ? So"t#are /ha11enge o" the )uture7, S-I Book, 200@
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Patent - Case Law 8volution
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>ottschal/ v enson 6)(,+: 6!o Software 8atent:It is conceded that one may not atent an idea. But in ractica1 e""ect
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claim drawn to sub#ect matter otherwise statutory does not become
non$statutory simply because it uses a mathematical formula,
computer program, or digital computer%
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STEI to I!"- Era
Technical Systems with the ind of theirownB
Articial Intelligence 6intelligence getsre0ected in the output and behavior ofthe system, whether the system isconscious in the human sense or is
thinking in the human sense is notimportant :
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8roposed a !E@ 7A@ery clearly visi$le in the
software $ased Era of technicalsystems that we are inB
7aw of
IncreasingIntelligenceof Technical
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htt$@//aitri.org/tri-artiles/inside-tri/*;6-law-o-inreasing-intelligene-o-tehnial-s(stems
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7aw of increasing intelligence ofsystems
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htt$@//aitri.org/tri-artiles/inside-tri/*;6-law-o-inreasing-
intelligene-o-tehnial-s(stems
Stage )< "2 S0STES
D!MB M!NI&I*N % gra5ity $om$, a1so
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Stage H< SART S0STES
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Stage < RI77IA!T S0STES
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specific classes of targets. &he sensor on each
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1ea5ing others in5io1ate.
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stages of evol%tion on 7aw of System Intelligence6ore than the contradiction we propose that theseparameters need to $e incorporated for each stage:
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