TSDSI-M2M-TR-UCD_Smart Governance -V0.1.0 20150317

Technical Report

Machine-to-Machine Communication (M2M)

Study on Indian Use Cases

Smart Governance

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Contents

1. Introduction 2. Purpose 3. Intended Audience 4. Scope 5. Definitions, Abbreviations, Acronyms 6. Use Cases for Smart Governance

6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Challenges

6.2 Notable Use Cases 6.2.1 Passport Seva Project 6.2.2 Indian Railways Ticket Booking 6.2.3 National Land Record Modernization Program

6.3 Priority Use Cases 6.3.1 Financial Inclusion 6.3.2 Watershed Management 6.3.3 Food Grain Security and Supply Chain Management 6.3.4 Disaster Prediction & Recovery Management 6.3.5 Ground Water Quality 6.3.6 Medical Service Delivery

6.3.6.1 Primary/Rural Healthcare service delivery 6.3.6.2 Patient Condition Management in Ambulance

6.4 Non Priority Use Cases 6.4.1 E-Office and Document Management 6.4.2 Government Certification Process 6.4.3 Employee Management & Attendance 6.4.4 Public Property Safety 6.4.5 Nuclear Radiation Sensing (Defence and Energy) 6.4.6 Visa & Border Transit System

6.5 Use Cases for Defence 6.5.1 Remote Monitoring of Military Infrastructure (Defence) 6.5.2 Command & Control of Unmanned Systems (Defence)

6.6 Remote Periphery Security (Defence) 6.7 Border Road Infrastructure Management

Bibliography

Document Revision History

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1 INTRODUCTIONCommunication infrastructure is the foundation of Process Automation, Instrumentation and Control industry, an industry that has been in existence for more than 50 years. Sensor/transducer based Remote Monitoring systems, and PLC/SCADA systems with remote control capabilities have always used dedicated communication wires or wireless (Radio/Satellite etc.) systems for providing connectivity between the end devices in the field and the control centre. In fact, several communication protocols were created in the Industrial Automation space.

On a different plane, the scorching pace of innovations in IT technologies has led to “commoditization” of devices. These devices are intelligent, have small and flexible form factor and, more importantly, can “talk”, by integrating standard communication chips/modules of any communication technology, almost in a plug and play fashion. Therefore, the world is now witnessing emergence of devices that can communicate with each other – thus elevating automation and control engineering industry to a new level altogether – the M2M/IoT.

Industries, especially in manufacturing and process industries have been leveraging the power of “connectivity enhanced automation systems” to create solutions for improving operational efficiencies and productivity of their assets and processes. They have created industry specific standards and protocols in automation space. While many of these standards are defined at the higher levels of the OSI model, the features have been standardized pre-assuming a certain communication layer to service the application.

Till date, in most applications implemented in India in any vertical segment, the communication infrastructure selected is a captive system that is used dedicatedly for the specific solution. In a few cases, in larger organizations, certain dedicated channels of the corporate communication backbone infrastructure (if it exists) are earmarked for such solutions.

The primary reason for this is driven by the need for a safe and secure operational regime, instead of operational efficiency improvement. Automation solutions do not have a good business case in several industry segments in India (especially in Smart Grids space) due to the high TCO (CAPEX +OPEX) of the required communication systems, if these are dedicated for the solution. Even a common communication backbone at the overall organization level for all business, automation and IT needs does not make the solutions financially attractive.

As the IT sector grows in maturity in terms of robust engineering practices, creation and usage of IT tools as “products”, user organizations are willing to migrate to digital shared platforms (example - cloud) in a Platform as a service (PaaS) mode. PaaS platforms help reduce the cost of service to individual clients and at the same time brings bare minimum standard features across all vertical segments. The time is ripe for offering a common communication platform (the “information” highway) for applications from various vertical segments (the “data” vehicles), in order to bring down the TCO of the communication piece to affordable levels.

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This brings the need for independent M2M platforms that can offer content transport capabilities in a seamless, reliable and affordable manner with universal standards for content handling and quality of service.

An independent M2M platform, that is based on a single or heterogeneous communication technology on the one hand, with a set of standard common services (OSS, BSS and much more), and standardized device interfaces, can be leveraged by multiple service providers, multiple user organizations and for multiple applications. Availability of standard interfaces on the communication and device facing sides of such a platform, will foster innovations in the communication and device segments, with assured quality of service.

One of the major responsibilities of TSDSI’s M2M group is to define an M2M framework to meet the above objectives. As part of this exercise, the group has undertaken study of various vertical segments to extract business requirements from an M2M/IoT platform perspective. This has helped the team bring out common requirements of all verticals, which in turn will become candidates for M2M platform functionalities. This document is a compilation of application use cases in various verticals studied by the team.

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2 PURPOSEIoT/M2M market is growing at the rate of approximately 8% CAGR (by no. of devices) and is expected to touch 20 billion No. of connected devices by 2020. As on date, “niche” services/solutions are being offered by players in key verticals in India as an end-to-end offering encompassing the devices, communication system and the controlling IT application. A few of these are – Automated Meter Reading in Power and Water Utilities, Electronic Toll Collection Systems in Transportation, OBD based vehicle eCall solutions in Vehicles, Telemedicine in Health, Remote Automated Cell Tower Monitoring, Street light Management systems in Smart City, Home security and Surveillance systems, Building Management Systems, Automated manufacturing in Industrial Automation etc. These qualify as M2M offerings in the specialized vertical segment.

In order to define a M2M service platform that can serve the needs of different verticals, it is important to understand the functional requirements of these verticals in sufficient depth for the appreciation of architecturally significant requirements.

TSDSI’s M2M group has undertaken study of various vertical segments to extract business requirements from an M2M/IoT perspective. This is intended to help cross pollinate useful features across different verticals for the overall benefit of the user community. Purpose of this exercise is to extract common requirements of all verticals which in turn will become candidates for M2M platform functionalities.

It also brings out the India specific implementation experience and learnings. This will help aspiring M2M platform providers to gain an understanding of the drivers for successful field implementation in the Indian ecosystem. It is believed that, India geographical market itself is a representative sample for emerging economies. Therefore, a framework that is defined to address this segment, will help to serve the needs of emerging economies market too.

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3 INTENDED AUDIENCEM2M Platform Solution providers (Solution and Technology Architects), Regulatory bodies and Policy makers.

Entrepreneurs who aspire to create products/Apps. for deployment on M2M platforms.

Underlying network service providers from various communication technology segments.

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4 SCOPEThe document gives a brief overview of M2M use case applications in Smart Governance vertical for India geographical market.

It is intended to serve as a reference point for Architects, policy makers and Regulatory bodies to understand India specific requirements and/or drivers in each area.

A few “representative” use cases are elaborated in detail describing actors and scenarios with call flows. Architecturally considerations that are significant from an M2M perspective, ranging from information exchange interface requirements, data traffic, performance requirements, deployment considerations from Indian context are covered. Regulatory and statutory compliance requirements, currently prevalent standards are also provided. The elaborated use cases describe Indian Ecosystem specific aspects. Any foreseen constraints and challenges in such implementations are also described.

Use cases selected for elaboration were based on the criteria of their perceived architectural significance on the M2M platform and/or market potential. Architectural significance covers differentiated data requirements and India geography specific deployment requirements.

The list of use cases provided in this document is not meant to be exhaustive, rather, it is a representative of the verticals, compiled bases on contributions provided by TSDSI members and subject matter experts in this domain area. Some use cases contain evolving/future requirements also. Some use cases can “belong” to more than one vertical. These have been described in the vertical that is currently championing its implementation in India.

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5 DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS

M2M Machine to Machine

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6 Use Cases for Smart Governance

6.1 IntroductionGood governance is a way in which a government can more efficiently produce wealth, health and sustainability and do away with fear that can harm the citizens in one way or the other, i. e. security. To achieve this, government creates policies and rules of implementations as part of government work process management that can help the government in ensuring effective service delivery to its citizens and issues that are related to the citizen directly or indirectly.

The efficient governance has following major pillars;

• Citizen centricity• Social inclusion• Standardized common infrastructure;• Effective governance• Achieve higher human development index

Govt. of India has a renewed focus on e-governance after the adoption of new theme of “Minimum Government, Maximum Governance”. Under this, some of the initiatives by previous governments have seen a new focus while at the same time some new initiatives have been taken. “Pradhanmantri Jana – Dhan –Yojana” is an example of connecting more than 100million citizens through no-frill saving accounts. Connecting these accounts through AADHAR ID directly with the payments of NREGA, subsidy of LPG gas cylinders etc. are just a few example of evolving inclusive financial ecosystem for the masses till the most marginalized sections of the society. “Pradhanmantri Jana – Dhan –Yojana”, AADHAR scheme are some of the example of building infrastructural ingredients towards an effective and inclusive G2C service delivery for the government.

Growing use of ICT technologies in e-governance has led to a more effective and efficient service delivery towards citizens while at the same time a more transparent regime of tax collection and other modes of govt. earning. IT/ITES has been one of the focus areas of the govt. of India during last one decade and there have been several projects in govt. sector through NIC (DIT) and through PPP mode.

Govt. of India has started to work towards building infrastructure for e-governance for last one and a half decades. There are still several gaps in the infrastructure with India as a context due to various reasons, for example, geographical diversity, literacy divide, resource allocation, per income capita disparity between metro, urban, sub-urban and rural regions, language barriers and pressure of increasing population. The govt. has set up various initiative to fill the gaps however efficient delivery of citizen service is a challenge even today.

National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) & National IT Policy

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The Government approved the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) comprising of 27 Mission Mode Projects and 8 components in 2006. In the year 2011, 4 projects - Health, Education, PDS and Posts were introduced to make the list of 27 MMPs to 31 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs). The Government has accorded approval to the vision, approach, strategy, key components, implementation methodology, and management structure for NeGP. The existing or ongoing projects in the MMP category, being implemented by various Central Ministries, States, and State Departments would be suitably augmented and enhanced to align with the objectives of NeGP. Govt. of India as embarked on the Citizen Service Centers (CSCs) right upto the block/panchayat level. State Wide Area Network (SWAN) was initiated as part of basic infrastructure building for the e-governance.

In order to promote e-Governance in seamlessly, multitude of policy initiatives and projects were envisaged and executed to develop core and support infrastructure. Some of the notable initiatives are State Data Centres (SDCs), State Wide Area Networks (S.W.A.N), Common Services Centres (CSCs), National e-Governance and Mobile e-Governance Services.

A Unique AADHAAR based biometric identification through electronic mode has become essential for many citizen services as of now and it is being extensively used by the government in benefit disbursement to BPL/APL families, NREGA payments, pension, insurance, rural banking etc.

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“Adarsh Gram Yojana” is yet another initiative by the govt. of India which enables digitalization of villages and providing seamless connectivity to these villages. By doing so, the rural populations can join the mainstream of development along with their metro/urban and sub-urban counterparts.

Smart Governance

Smart Government is the next step of E-governance. The Smart Governance can be referred as implementation ICT technology capabilities that enable information to flow seamlessly across government agencies, government to citizen and government to business to deliver quality of services to across all government programs. It uses the technology to facilitate and support better planning and decision making. It is about improving democratic processes and transforming the ways that public services are delivered. It includes e-government, the efficiency agenda and mobile working. This section deals with the some of the use cases in which government can make use of the M2M/IoT technology. The section covers a few of them in detail however this is a non-comprehensive list of possible use cases which can be extended or narrowed down depending on the availability of the resources required for implementation.

Given that M2M/IoT can help govt. to collect important data from the field that can be used to provide better services to its citizens, some of the examples could be public distribution system, early flood warning system, disaster prevention & recovery, financial inclusion, medical services for people towards bottom of the pyramid, defense & space, woman security, emergency services, environment & pollution control to name a few. The collected data can be used for analytics, trend analysis and plan a more efficient resource management to achieve higher efficiency towards the citizen services with limited resources.

6.1.1 ChallengesFrom the M2M perspective of Smart governance, it is a very wide and diverse; right from G2C, G2B & G2G, G2B2Cto C2G and B2G. To cover all aspects of these service areas is a mammoth task through a single model approach. Fortunately, almost all other verticals become a part of Smart Governance directly or indirectly and therefore provide architectural components of M2M/IoT systems that are required for setting up an effective service delivery system for Smart Governance vertical.

Some of the key challenges in front of the government agencies are;

1. Seamless connectivity2. New service delivery models 3. ICT capacity building 4. Back office reorganization5. Skilled human resource

Connectivity is one of the major issues in front of the government and the private sector. While enterprise level connectivity exists to a very good level in Tier – 1 cities, it lacks in consistent internet

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services in almost all sub-urban and rural areas for Tier – 2 cities or below. There exists a huge disparity in the network access speed as well. In Tier – 1 cities where after brief roll out 3G services over last 2-3 years, Telcos are finding possibilities of 4G/LTE networks on one hand, while customers in rural and far reaching areas are still struggling to have proper 2G services on the other. While for private sector major revenue is drawn from metros and city centers, rural infrastructure has taken a major hit. Even though some of the operators claim to have good access in remote areas as well, a seamless connectivity throughout a stretch of few hundred miles is still a distant dream. It is still difficult to believe that there seems is no national highway where a seamless connectivity can be claimed by any single operator. While cellular connectivity is still an issue in the rural and far reaching areas, last mile connectivity in the urban and sub-urban areas in non-metro cities takes a hit due to frequent shadow areas appearing.

Connected India

“Connected India” includes connectivity of people-to-people, people-to-devices and devices-to-people through ubiquitous connectivity regime. Through “Connected India” effective citizen services can be delivered and transparent information flow and access can be achieved. Government has already taken steps to lay down Optical Fiber Network for rural connectivity as part of SWAN project to meet the increasing demand of data connectivity in near future, at the same time a more ubiquitous last mile technology from metro region to a rural region is need of the hour.

6.2 Notable use cases

6.2.1 Passport Seva projectUnder the guidance of the ministry of external affair, a mission mode project on passports was undertaken, named Passport Seva Project, aims at providing all the Passport-related services to the citizens in a speedy, convenient and transparent manner.

Passport Seva project includes the following;

• Establishing Passport Facilitation Centres (PFC) for delivering all front-end citizen services• Converting existing Passport Offices into Passport Back Offices (PBO) for all back-end

processing• Creation of on-line Passport Portal for offering Passport services• Establishing a Central Passport Printing Facility (CPPF) for handling extra load• Introduction of a multi-modal Information and Grievance handling system• Creating a centralized IT system linking all PFC’s, PBO’s, Police and Postal Departments

6.2.2 Indian Railways 1Ticket Booking Center for Railway Information System (CRIS) with Indian Railways Catering & Tourism Corporation Ltd. (IRCTC) together have built the powerful IRCTC ticket booking engine.

There are a few major aspects of ICT in ticket booking in Indian Railways;1 Some information in has been taken from IRCTC website and related information.

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Ticketing

- Reserved— Public Reservation Systems (PRS)- Distributed –E-ticketing- Unreserved—UTS- Coaching refunds

Customer Information dissemination

- Charting- Information display at stations- Web enabled public information services- SMS based alerts

Centralized information system covering

- Arrival and departures including ETA- Platform berthing of passenger trains - Journey Planning - Facilities available at stations - Railway Rules & announcements- Display Boards, Interactive Voice Response System, Public Address System, Face to Face

Enquiry and CCTV

Future directions towards a better railway journey experience;

- Ticketing Solutions (Centralised, Stand-alone, Mobile, Smart Card, Self Service, Internet etc.); value added services to customer

- On line and e-enabled Freight Management System - Integrated revenue accounting system- Train Charting and Control Systems - RFID based Wagon/Parcel Tracking Systems- Integration of Railway Systems with Railway Station Systems - Integrated Materials Management System / Fixed assets mgmt- Safety Systems (GPS, Embedded Systems)- GIS based Track Maintenance Systems- Rake management system- Terminal management systems

6.2.3 National Land Record Modernization ProgramAs per its NeGP plan, govt. of India is promoting its National Land Records Modernization Program (NLRMP). The major component of NLRMP are :

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• Computerization of Land Records, Integration of spatial & non- spatial/textual information.• Strengthening of Revenue Administrations and updating of Land Records.• Establishment of record rooms/ Land Record Management centers at Tehsil/Revenue

Circle/District level

There are some use cases which may have been covered under other verticals and have not been covered under Smart Governance even though they are related to the efficient service delivery from the Smart Government stand point of view. A few of them are Smart Parking, Utility, public safety, solid waste management, e-toll, security etc.

6.3 Priority use cases

6.3.1 Financial InclusionFinancial inclusion is defined by wiki as “Financial inclusion or inclusive financing is the delivery of financial services at affordable costs to sections of disadvantaged and low-income segments of society, in contrast to financial exclusion where those services are not available or affordable.”

Given that the geographical spread of “Banking institution” in India is majorly limited to the urban and sub-urban areas, rural areas are yet to be covered under the banking systems through which financial inclusion can be achieved. The capital cost of erecting the financial banking infrastructure on the lines of urban & sub-urban areas is humongous and the M2M technology had offered an alternative solution through remotely connected POS terminals.

Some of the key products of the financial inclusions are micro-loans for cottage industry and small business, micro-insurances & banking services through remote POS connected through GPRS.

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Fig. 7.10.1 Supportive financial services by financial inclusion

Key financial inclusion products:

1. No-frill saving accounts2. Payment & remittance3. Micro loans4. Micro insurance 5. Subsidy & benefit disbursement

Government of India has deputed Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Department of Post (DOP) as nodal agencies for financial inclusion services. While RBI has brought guidelines for various nationalized, private, rural as well as cooperative banks, DOP is doing it through the wide-spread presence in rural & suburban regions of India.

India is leading the technological advancement in Financial Inclusion. The no-frills accounts are being opened through the bank or banks’ representative called business correspondent. These business correspondents use a hand held terminal (or also called HHT) that have the capability of biometric identification of the bank account holder and uses GPRS technology for connecting an intermediate server before data exchange with the Financial Inclusion server of the bank. Using secure GPRS communication, the transaction is completed through the HHT.

There are following components of financial inclusion solution adopted in India;

1. Enrollment stationo Security of data stored on the systemo Secured mode of data transmission to server

2. Hand Held Terminalo Authentication of business correspondent & Customero Standards for Fingerprint scanning / threshold of match for authentication of customero Secure transfer of Data between HHT and smartcard using GPRSo Secure interaction between HHT and Intermediate Server

3. Intermediate servero For security of customer data and financial institute involved in the transactions.

M2M enabled Hand Held Terminal Specifications

1. LCD display2. Keypad3. Optical Biometric Finger print sensor (ISO/IEC 19794-4)

Source: RBI

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4. Contactless Smart Card reader5. Thermal printer6. Speaker7. Connectivity (GPRS/CDMA)8. Support Offline/Online transactions

Fig. 7.10.2 Financial Inclusion system architecture

There are following major processes for Financial Inclusion and delivery of banking services;

a) Opening a no-frills account with the bank through Business Correspondent (BC)b) Enrollment of the account holder and issuing a Smart Card with Biometric (finger print)

using a GPRS/3G enabled Hand Held Terminal (HHT)c) To carry out any transaction, the account holder has to go through the following process;

Card swipe & biometric authentication Provide transaction details such as micro-debit & micro-credit facility Transfer of amounts to another bank account Payment of utility bills, micro-loan/lone EMIs, Insurance payments etc is possible Receive a print receipt of the transaction as proof of transaction

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d) The transaction can be online or offline. In case of offline transaction, the transaction details are stored in the HHT device and as soon as the server connectivity is available, the transaction records are synced with the Financial Service provider’s server.

e) The Financial service provider’s server is an intermediate server before the core-banking server of the bank to ensure the security guidelines of RBI.

6.3.2 Watershed ManagementAs defined by wiki “Watershed management is the study of the relevant characteristics of a watershed aimed at the sustainable distribution of its resources and the process of creating and implementing plans, programs, and projects to sustain and enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal, and human communities within a watershed boundary.”

There are plenty of examples such as Kosi river, Mahanadi river basin, Brahmaputra river, Ganges basin, parts of J&K, Punjab and Haryana and many other such areas, where water-bodies and water-body related issues can be very well covered under the scope of watershed management.

Fig. 7.10.3 M2M/IoT model for watershed management area monitoring & prediction

Features of a watershed that agencies seek to manage include water supply, water quality, drainage, stormwater runoff, water rights, and the overall planning and utilization of watersheds. Landowners, land use agencies, stormwater management experts, environmental specialists, water use surveyors and communities all play an integral part in watershed management. Real-time or near-real-time

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measurement of several parameters can help in the monitoring and if required, raising the alarm to the people residing or farming in the watershed area.

Continuous measurement from various sites in the watershed area is required using M2M/IoT enabled monitoring infrastructure. Some of the key aspects of a good watershed management, but not limited to, are;

1. GIS/Contour mapping of the entire watershed area (Satellite based)2. Calculation of inbound water/outbound water and actual water storage areas in the watershed

bound geographies (such as a lake, dam etc.) 3. Critical information of water inlet sources and outlet sources over a period of time4. Time-of-the-year calculation of usable water (for drinking etc)5. Flood prediction based on various real-time parameter measurement feed (algorithm based)6. Planning & implementation of minimum/optimum canal system for irrigation & transport7. GIS mapping with contour for the calculation of flood affected areas with respect to the height

of water above critical level8. Efficient planning for flood affected areas and shelter planning

Watershed management can be one of the most sophisticated real time monitoring & predictive M2M/IoT application that covers a large area spread across multiple districts or states or sometime even countries. However for the stakeholders of the wellbeing and safety of their citizens, it is important to collaborate for watershed management activities under their geography as stakeholders.

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6.3.3 Food grain security& supply chain management

Food grain security & supply chain management is a classical example of supply chain management that covers the topic right from the procurement of the raw material from the production area, payment distribution etc. The entire solution is a mix of human intervention, automated measurement, server based information dissemination across CSOs, SSOs & DSOs.

One end for the payment to farmers/local traders who produce food grain and sale to the government through various mandis and other infrastructural means using bank accounts, automation required through biometric payment solution (financial inclusions/Jan-Dhan Yojna accounts). Following are the key areas where M2M/IoT can play a very important role in Food grain security & supply management;

1. Procurement process for Public Distribution System (PDS)2. Primary storage in FCI Godowns/warehouses 3. Movement of material from Level-1 storage of FCI godowns to Level-2 storage facility4. Monitoring of all storage facilities for harmful gas emission, temperature, humidity & other

important parameters with inventory management5. Distribution6. Surviving through droughts, floods, other extreme weather/disastrous events, epidemics etc7. Biometric ID based beneficiary account (BPL/APL families) management may be used for the

payment services

Fig. 7.10.3 M2M/IoT model for Food grain security & supply changing management

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Following is the process for Food grain security & supply chain management for Public Distribution Systems (PDS) in India;

a) Procurement of food grain from the farmers/local tradersb) Payment to the farmers/local traders using no-frills account integrated with

AADHAAR cardc) Primary warehouse/godown management & Food grain security by food

procurement & disbursement agencies (such as Food Corporation of India)i. Inventory management (similar to yard management solution)

ii. Weather parameters for weather prediction and preventive measurementd) Central & state supply offices (CSOs & SSOs)

i. Allocation, transportation, theft prevention & waste managementii. Primary warehouse to secondary warehouse internal movement with respect to

the disbursement planiii. Secondary warehouse to State level warehouse movement planning &

transportation iv. State level warehouse to district level warehouse movement planning &

transportatione) District Supply Office (DSO)

i. Warehouse & inventory managementii. Retail shop database & inventory record management

iii. Provide cold – store for perishable items if anyiv. Beneficiary account management such as Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above

Poverty Line (APL) customer accounts through SMS/GPRS updates and/or subsidy through no-frill accounts

v. Area/villege/panchayat/tehsil level cooperative management – SMS/GPRS updates, feedback & accountability management system

6.3.4 2Disaster prediction and recovery managementHaving a geographical spread in India, it is natural that every region may face a different kind of weather, at the same time the geographical diversity may also attribute to a disaster. There are two kinds of disasters;

1. Disaster due to man-made infrastructure ( or also know as Anthropogenic hazards)It is different than the natural disasters in the way that man-made infrastructure is built and certain aspects have not been covered at the time of design. There are certain cases where the disaster prevention measures are not sufficient to take care the scale of disaster.

2 Some of the inputs, data used in this section is taken from the NDRF website.

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It is therefore it becomes important to do the proper calculation of possible disaster fallout and design the necessary disaster prediction, information dissemination and recovery mechanism.

2. Natural disasterKnown natural disaster have only a very few possibilities such as Flood, Earthquake, Cyclone, Forest fire, Tsunami etc.

Natural disasters are likely to have a much wider spread than the disaster due to man-made infrastructure. It is difficult to prevent such disaster however it is certainly possible to create predictive system, timely information dissemination for evacuation and recovery from such disaster.

Components of disaster management

Disaster management should include the following but not limited to;

Pre-disaster Phase:

1. Prevention2. Mitigation3. Preparedness4. Capacity Building 5. Community based Disaster Management (including Public Awareness)

Post-disaster Phase:

6. Prompt and Efficient Response – Proactive.7. Reconstruction and Recovery

M2M/IoT can help in the following ways;

- Disaster prevention plans based on measureable parameters- Prediction or identification of disaster based on such measurements in real/near-real time- Disaster control mechanism – evacuation, building necessary infrastructure etc.- Disaster relief and distribution of relief services- Planned control of any possible after-effect of a disaster

Govt. of India has come up with Disaster Management (DM) Act, 2005 with setting up National Disaster Management Force and Civil Defense (NDRF & CD) at National Level, state level and at the district level. The DM Act, 2005 envisages a paradigm shift from the disaster response centric system to a proactive, and integrated management of disasters with emphasis on prevention, mitigation and preparedness. This national vision inter alia, aims at inculcating a culture of preparedness among all stakeholders.

M2M/IoT enabled real time feedback to the NDRF team through a network of sensors and satellite imagery, alternate communication infrastructure (such as community radio) can prove to be extremely

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important. The network of sensors, public address system etc. can use M2M technology extensively to be able to reach out to people and save lives.

6.3.5 Ground Water Quality 3

In the past few decades, many countries, developing or developed alike, have understood the importance of ground water. It is one of the most important resource for drinking water, while at the same time for crops/irrigation and sustainable development of a society.

The quality aspects of ground water in the country is being monitored by the Central Ground Water Board through a network of about 15500 ground water observation wells, from which samples are collected and analyzed during the month of May every year. Ground water quality data is also being collected by the Board as part of its other activities such as ground water management studies, exploratory drilling programme, special studies on water quality etc.

Ground water quality is associated with water borne diseases directly or indirectly. Some of the major contributors in the ground water quality are locally mineral composition, industrial/urban waste, urbanizations, irrigation rains and deforestation etc. M2M/IoT can help in collecting the data online in real-time or near real, in a predefined format and provide MIS for all connected sensors & devices across the sate or a particular geography.

The ground water available in the country, in general, is potable and suitable for various usage. However, localized occurrence of ground water having various chemical constituents in excess of the limits prescribed for drinking water use has been observed in almost all the states. The commonly observed contaminants such as Arsenic, Fluoride and Iron are geogenic, whereas contaminants such as nitrates, phosphates, heavy metals etc. owe their origin to various human activities including domestic sewerage, agricultural practices and industrial effluents.

The quality aspects of ground water in the country is being monitored by the Central Ground Water Board through a network of about 15500 ground water observation wells, from which samples

3Note: Some of the inputs in this have been taken from “GROUND WATER QUALITY IN SHALLOW AQUIFERS OF INDIA” report by Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resouces, Govt of India.

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are collected and analyzed during the month of May every year and M2M/IoT can play a significant role in near real time data analysis during various seasons.

6.3.6 Medical service delivery4

6.3.6.1 Primary/Rural health care service delivery1. PHC connected with M2M/IoT to the district health care center for remote services.

Assumption

a) Primary health care centers are connected to the district health care centers at the district level.b) A voice & video connectivity is to be made available through available communication channelc) A connected health kit is required to send the required health parameters to the district level

hospital.

4 Covered in detail in health vertical

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6.3.6.2 Patient condition Management in ambulance

6.4 Non priority use cases

6.4.1 –E-office & Document ManagementE-Office, as an e-Governance initiative, would be crucial in shaping Government Process Re-engineering (GPR), which eventually enhances the quality of services delivered to the citizens

- RFID based document/file tracking system in an office or intra-office transfer- Digitization section for digital format saving of all documents- USE CASE: Land records – Andhra Pradesh, L&DO- Digitization of records

6.4.2 Government certification processMultitude of certificates from the government agencies take few weeks to a few months. Various agencies have taken the digital initiative to issue the certificates to make the process faster and ensure a timely service delivery by providing the required certificate via e-approval of the appropriate authority.

6.4.3 Employee Management & attendance: Employee management services are directly related to the attendance related benefits of the government employee.

- Remote RFID/Biometric based attendance mechanism for ensuring the attendance of each and every employee.

- Automated warning for coming late (over email and/or SMS) and absence for each employee.

- Minimum hour spent in the office to be counted towards half day or full day work calculation etc.

- Employee benefits such as gratuity, EPF and other fringe benefits to be calculated based on their attendance online.

- Mobile/field workforce management (MWM) (covered in transportation track&trace)

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6.4.4 Public Property Safety (may have been covered separately)Monuments, important buildings, buildings of historical importance, public places such as bus/railway stations, bus and trains all but not limited, together can be defined as public property. Safety of public property is an extremely important aspect as it may be directly or indirectly connected to the comfort/life of local population. Some of the key points can be summarized as below;

- Special sensors/Connected video surveillance on all public properties (immovable) to ensure constant vigilance of public property(such as financial institutions, bus/railway stations, police stations, bus stops, important buildings, pathways etc.)

- Dam security and prevention of flood mechanism- SEZ, Offices & industrial unit security- Tourist and historical property safety- Public area safety

6.4.5 Nuclear radiation sensing (defense & energy)As the nation is expecting the growth in the nuclear power plants, and their vicinity to areas with sparse population or a city, it will be important to note the levels of nuclear radiations in the environment.

1. Satellite & RF based combined approach2. Remote 2-D measurement of nuclear radiation near a nuclear site or nuclear power plant3. Information dissemination through portal for public in the vicinity and semi-automated Disaster

Control measurements against minute or substantial nuclear radiation in the vicinity

6.4.6 Visa & border transit systemWhile govt. is currently undertaking the roll-out of e-passport services by 2016, Visa & border transit security check can be administered through connected devices with facial & bio-metric authentication for faster processing of travelers’ data. Some of the notable facilities through M2M/IoT augmented Visa & border transit systems are,

• Faster & seamless travel with online visa applications across the border• Convenience for travelers for fast and secure border crossing• Improve detection and prevention of suspicious personals through the border

6.5 Use cases for Defence

6.5.1 Remote Monitoring of Military Infrastructure (defense)1. Satellite & RF based combined approach 2. Proprietary solutions for the defense establishment3. Remote perimeter security with integrated Alarm/notification system

6.5.2 Command and Control of Unmanned Systems (defense)1. Satellite & RF based combined approach2. Unmanned vehicles and its operations

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3. Proprietary solutions for the defense establishment

6.6 Remote Perimeter Security (defense)1. Satellite & RF based combined approach 2. To stop infiltration or unwarned activities across the internal border3. More areas seen at once through night vision PTZ cameras, or laser detection beams4. Motion detection can be used in areas wherever needed.5. Can cover areas in extreme weather conditions when human patrolling is difficult/impossible6. Alarms for potential perimeter intrusions, rapid response through unmanned aerial vehicles or

integrated PA system

6.7 Border Road Infrastructure Management1. Satellite & RF based combined approach 2. Road side assistance (accident or malfunctioning of vehicle)3. Video surveillance4. Efficient use of lighting5. Snow fall detection and excessive volume calculation 6. Estimated time of snow removal through overhead displays on approaching roads7. Information broadcast of any obstacle or diversion through overhead (or other) display

mechanism

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Bibliography

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Document Revision History

Version Date Released by Change Description

V0.1.0 20150317 17th March, 2015

Principal Author: Narendra Saini, Sukrut Systems;

Contributors: Bindoo Srivastava, IIT Bombay; Anuj Ashokan, TTSL; Bipin Kumar Reliance JIO; Rajeev Gupta, Reliance JIO.

Release 1.

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