introduction to wwii us history mcintyre. 2 quick facts a. war costs 1.us debt 1940 - $9 billion us...
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Introduction to WWII
US History
McIntyre
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Quick Facts
A. War Costs1. US Debt 1940 - $9 billion
US Debt 1945 - $98 billion
• The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776
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Quick Facts
B. Human Costs
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Quick Facts
B. Human Costs1. 50 million people died
(compared to 15 million in WWI)
• 21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)
• 11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST(6 million Jews + 5 million others)
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When?
1939
Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)
Sept. 3 -Britain &
France declare war on
Germany
Dec. 7 – Japan
bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the
War
1941
May - Germans Surrende
r
Sept. - Atomic
Bombing of
Hiroshima &
Nagasaki,
Japanese Surrende
r
1945
• 1939-1945
• US involvement 1941-1945
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Who?
Allies Axis
Great Britain
France(note: France surrendered to
Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)
United States
Russia
GermanyItaly
Japan
(major powers)
(major powers)
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Major Leaders
Adolf HitlerNazi Germany
Benito MussoliniItaly
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Major Leaders
Hideki TojoJapanese Prime Minister
Winston ChurchillBritish Prime Minister
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Major Leaders
Franklin Delano RooseveltUS President
Joseph StalinRussian Leader
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Why? (underlying causes of WWII)
1. Treaty of VersaillesA. Germany lost land to
surrounding nations
B. War Reparations
1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S.
2) Germany must pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent)
3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed GermansLloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson
during negotiations for the Treaty
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Why? (underlying causes of WWII)
2. World-wide DepressionA. The Depression
made Germany’s debt even worse (inflation)
B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders
1) Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems
1923 - Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks
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13 • Hitler comes to power pp
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Why? (underlying causes of WWII)
2. World-wide Depression
2) Hitler provided scapegoats for Germany’s problems (foreigners, Jews, communists, Roma (Gypsies), mentally ill, homosexuals)
3) Kristallnacht - vandalism & destruction of Jewish property & synagogues
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Why?3. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes
A. In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation
Totalitarianism
Communist Dictatorship
(USSR)
Fascist Dictatorship
(Germany, Italy)
Military Dictatorship
(Japan)
Fascism: military government with
based on racism & nationalism with strong support
from the business community
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Why?4. Isolationism of Major Powers
A. Why was the U.S. Isolationist?
1. Great Depression (problems at home)
2. Perceptions of WWIa. WWI did not seem to solve much
b. People began to think that we’d got into WWI for the wrong reasons (greedy American businessmen!)
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Why?4. Isolationism of Major Powers
3. Opposition to war (Pacifism)
a. Washington Conference - Limits on size of country's navies
b. Kellogg-Briand pact - condemned war as a way to solving conflicts
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Why?4. Isolationism of Major Powers
B. This led to policies of “Appeasement” 1. Appeasement: give dictators what they want and hope that they won’t want anything else
2. Begins with Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and continues with Hitler . . .
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Austria – March, 1938
Border of Czechoslovakia( Sudetenland) – Sept., 1938
All of Czechoslovakia – March, 1939
Poland – Sept., 1939
By Summer of 1940, Germany Controlled Most of Europe• http://www.teachertube.com/viewVide
o.php?video_id=28568•
http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=33752
• http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=33835&title=World_War_II_D_day_and_Battle_of_the_Bulge
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So What Was Hitler Asking For?Return of German Speaking Lands - “Lebensraum”
• Austria - Peacefully Annexed in 1938
German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
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So What Was Hitler Asking For?Return of German Speaking Lands - “Lebensraum” • Sudentenland -
(now part of Czech Republic)
• Munich Conference - Great Britain & France give to Hitler in return for peace
• Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
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So What Was Hitler Asking For?Return of German Speaking Lands
• Nonaggression Pact Russia stays out of the war in return for 1/2 of Poland
Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939
• Great Britain & France finally declare war on Germany
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How Did Hitler Make War?Blitzkrieg “Lightning War”
In the next year, Hitler invades:
• Denmark
• Norway
• The Netherlands,
• France
Hitler in Paris
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US Assistance
Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies:
Lend-Lease - 1939
• US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain
London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze
Atlantic Charter
• US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany
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Meanwhile … in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”
USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor
What?
• Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Effect? • US declares war on
Japan & other Axis powers
• Activity
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Produced more and more airplanes, tanks, and other war supplies
Created new jobs
World War II ended the Great Depression
Women took over many of the jobs
Power of the federal government grew
Rationing, or limited what Americans could buy so supplies could be sent overseas.
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Some military leaders distrusted Japanese Americans
Were afraid they would help the “enemy”
Roosevelt ordered 110,000 Japanese Americans into “relocation camps”
Like prisons, fenced in with barbed wire
Soldiers guarded the camps with guns
Had to sell their homes, businesses, and belongings.