introduction to window 7 operating system new.pdf

7/27/2019 Introduction to window 7 operating system new.pdf

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OPERATING SYSTEM

COURSE CODE CSE 305

SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BAHRA UNIVERSITY SHIMLA HILLS


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Contents

1. Introduction to Window 7 operating system ............................................................................................... 2

2. Implementation of various aero features of window 7. ............................................................................... 3

3. Understanding window upgrade, window update and action center. ........................................................ 14

4. To create user account and setting up parental control on user account. .................................................. 23

5. Commands for window power shell and MSCONFIG. ............................................................................ 32

6. To understand system restore, recovery tool option, various safe mode options and MMC consolemanagement. ................................................................................................................................................. 37

7. Introduction to window 7 upgrade advisor, windows defender and windows registry file....................... 45

Windows Registry ......................................................................................................................................... 45

8. Making a word file and how to protect it with password. ......................................................................... 47

9. To create a blog. ........................................................................................................................................ 52

10. Implementation of disk defragmenter and disk cleanup maintenance tools. ........................................... 57

11. What is bitlocker and TPM. How a bitlocker encrypt a file. ................................................................... 60

12. Introduction to sky drive and windows live mesh. .................................................................................. 72

13. Implementation of FCFS (First Come First Serve) scheduling algorithm .............................................. 85

14. Implementation of SJF (Shortest Job First) scheduling algorithm. ......................................................... 88

15. Implementation of priority scheduling algorithm.................................................................................... 91

16. Implementation of Round Robin scheduling algorithm. ......................................................................... 95


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1. Introduction to Window 7 operating systemWindows 7 is an operating systemproduced by Microsoft for use on personal computers,including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media centerPCs. It wasreleased to manufacturing on July 22, 2009 and became generally available for retail worldwideon October 22, 2009, less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista.

Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time.Windows 7 is succeeded by Windows 8.

Unlike Windows Vista's many new features, Windows 7 was an incremental upgrade designed towork with Vista-compatible applications and hardware. Presentations given by Microsoft in 2008focused on multi-touch support, an updated Windows shell with a new taskbar, referred tointernally as the Superbar, a home networking system called HomeGroup, and performanceimprovements. Some standard applications that have been included with prior releases ofMicrosoft Windows, including Windows Calendar, Windows Mail,Windows Movie Maker,and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included in Windows 7; most are instead offered separatelyat no charge as part of the Windows Essentials suite.

Minimum hardware requirements for Windows 7

If you are already a Vista user then the improvements to Windows 7 are going to be more subtle.Vista users are likely already familiar with features like the Aero visual functions, the Start Menuorganization and Search. However, if you are currently using XP, then you may require a bit of anadjustment period.

Improvements for both Vista and XP Users

New Taskbar and System Tray Quick Desktop View button Improved Start Up, Sleep and Resume performance Improved power management saves memory and battery life Libraries to improve file access and organization Action Center for system maintenance, back ups, troubleshooting and more User Account customization of notifications
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netbookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_tablet_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_theater_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-touchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_shellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taskbarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Movie_Makerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Photo_Galleryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Essentialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Essentialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Photo_Galleryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Movie_Makerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taskbarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_shellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-touchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_theater_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_tablet_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netbookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system


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Improved back up New wallpapers and themes Improved gadgets New premium games include Chess Titans, Mahjong Titans and Inkball Advanced Calculator functions including saving history Improved networking via HomeGroups Passkey protection with networks Device Stage for recognizing USB devices faster.

Changes and improvements from Windows XP only

New Start Icon

Aero Snap, Shake and Peek Desktop icons like Computer and My Documents are removed and accessed through

the Start Menu

Larger icons and hidden icons in the Taskbar Quick Launch toolbar has been replaced by pinning a program to the Taskbar Jump Lists for easier access A Search Bar in the Start Up Menu The "Run" command is accessed through the Start Menu's Search Bar Faster and smoother gaming components Parental Controls for monitoring computer use Update feature that eliminates web surfing for patches

2. Implementation of various aero features of window 7.Aero Features

Windows 7 uses a group of features called Windows Aero. Aero is a visual desktop experiencethat combines translucent windows, appealing color and graphics effects with convenientfunctionality. Aero includes Snap, Peek, Shake and Flip. Aero is an interface that makes yourvisual interactions with the desktop fun and easy.

Aero Peekmakes your open windows transparent so you may see your desktop. It alsoallows you to peek at items in your taskbar for a thumbnail preview.

Aero Snap is a quick way to resize your windows to make them easier to read, organize


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and compare.

Aero Flip allows you to preview all your open windows from a central window or 3Dview that you can flip through.

Aero Shake allows you to take your mouse and shake only the open window you want tofocus on and the rest will disappear.

Snap

Snap allows you to resize open windows to make reviewing and comparing easier.

Over lapping windows

Side-by-side Snap view

1. Place the mouse at the top of the window, drag to the left or right of the screen, wait forthe transparent window to appear and let go.

2. Your window should Snap into place.3. To return to the full view, Snap the window to the top of the screen.


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Peek

You can view your open windows on the taskbar by using Peek. Simply scroll the mouse over thetaskbar icons and a thumbnail preview of the open windows will appear.

Aero Peek

However the mouse over the windows in Peekand the full window will appear on your screen.

1. Click on the Peek preview to open the window or click on the "X" to close the windowfrom the Peek view.


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Previewing a window with Aero Peek

Shake

When your desktop is cluttered with open windows, you can use Shake to select a single windowand close the rest.

1. Click on the top of the window you want to focus on, Shake it and the rest of the windowswill disappear.

2. Simply Shake the window again and the closed windows will reappear.

Cluttered screen


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1. Press and hold the Alt key and then press Tab to open the Flip view of your openwindows.

2. While still pressing the Alt key, you can Flip through the open windows by pressing theTab key.

3. Stop on the window you want to open and it will appear on the full screen.

Shaketoclearscreen

Fl ip

FlipandFlip3Dare two more ways you can preview your open windows.

AeroFl ip


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Aero F lip 3D

1. Press and hold the Windows key and then press Tab for a 3D version of Flip.2. Use the Tab key or Arrow keys to Flip through your open windows.

3.Implementation of snipping tool, sticky notes and task bar features.

Taskbar

The taskbar is now more convenient to use with larger views and easier access.

Jump Lists allow you to right click on an icon in the taskbar and immediately accessitems like music, videos or web pages that you use on a regular basis.

GetimmediateaccesswithJumpLists


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Pin allows you to place programs on the taskbar and rearrange the order of the icons asyou wish.

Action Center allows you to control the alerts and pop-ups you receive regardingmaintenance and security.

Access your files in Libraries

Search

FinddocumentsfastwiththenewSearch

As soon as you start typing in theSearchbarof the Start Menu you will instantly see a list of relevantoptions grouped by categories with highlighted keywords and text. This allows you to easily scan for thedocuments, music, pictures and email you are looking for.

Libraries


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Gadgets

Additional things you can do in Windows 7

Device Stage: When you plug a device into your computer such as a camera, mobilephone or flash drive, a window will open up with a menu of popular tasks, statusinformation and options for your device.

Windows Live Essentials: Windows Live Essentials is free software that enhances theWindows 7 experience. It replaces Windows Mail and allows you to email, instantmessage, edit photos, blog, etc.

Home Group: Home Group allows you to connect two or more PCs on a home networkin order to easily share and access files and printers.

Windows Touch: You can use Windows Touch with a touch-screen PC to browse andflick through the screen using your fingers with multitouch technology.

Remote Media Streaming: With Remote Media Streaming you can access your music,pictures

Libraries allow you to organize your files in one place so they are easy to search and access.

Windows 7 has four default Libraries for documents, music, pictures and videos, however you cancustomize and create you own Libraries based on your needs.

Desktop gadgets

You can select or download gadgets such as a slide show, calendar or weather update to add to your

desktop. The live updates of some gadgets like weather, stocks and feed headlines are quite convenient.


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and videos stored on your home PC remotely using the Internet.

Viewing open windows with Aero Peek

If you wish, you can change the order of the icons by clicking and dragging the icon towhatever space you desire on the taskbar.

Pin a program to the taskbar

You may Pin programs to the taskbar and access them with a single click of the mouse.

To Pin a program, drag it to the taskbar and release.

Pinning a program to the taskbar

To Unpin programs, simply right click on the icon and select Unpin.

Unpinning a program

Access a Jump List

A Jump List is like a "mini-menu" for a program. It allows quick access to recent files,frequently viewed items, performance tasks and more. For example, you may select


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frequently used websites with a simple click from the Internet Explorer Jump List.

Right click on an icon to open the program's Jump List.

A Jump List for Internet ExplorerMore Taskbar Features

Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn more about the additional taskbar icons.


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2. The windows will become transparent allowing you to see the desktop.

Viewing the desktop

Show Desktop

ToPeekat the desktop without closing windows:1. Hover the mouse over theShowdesktopbutton.

TheShowdesktopbutton


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3. Click on the Show desktop button to close the windows.4. Click again and the windows will return.

3. Understanding window upgrade, window update and action center.Upgrading to Windows 7

Windows 7 Versions and Pricing The major upgrade versions of Windows 7 are HomePremium, Professional, and Ultimate. Home Premium is the most popular version of Windows 7and will likely suit the needs of most users. The Professional version may appeal to small tomedium business owners as it has extras like Windows XP mode and networking back upfeatures. Ultimate is the most powerful version with added security features, such as Bitlockerand the flexibility of use in 35 languages.

Major upgrade versionsTo see which features each version of Windows 7 has, go toMicrosoft's Compare Windows 7page.

You may come across a Windows 7 Starter version. This version is made for smallerlaptops (sometimes called netbooks) and will have limited performance and featurescompared to Home Premium.

There is also a Windows 7 Home Premium Family Pack ($149.99) for upgrading up tothree PCs in the home.

Full versions of the above products are more expensive, but will only be required if youare not already running Windows XP or Vista.

Windows 7 Requirements for Upgrade

In order to run Windows 7, your PC must have the following:

1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit) 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit) DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
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Additional System Requirements may be needed to run certain features.

Windows 7 Upgrade Advisor

Microsoft is providing a tool called the Windows 7 Upgrade Advisor so customers can

determine if their PC is able to run Windows 7. It is a good idea to download the Windows 7Upgrade Advisorbefore upgrading upgrading. It will analyze your computer's processor,memory, storage, graphics capabilities and any other compatibility issues. If possible, it willalso provide guidance for resolving issues. You should plug in and connect all USB devices,printers, external hard drives, etc. when running the Upgrade Advisor. This will provide thebest analysis of your system.

Windows Experience Index

It is another indicator of how well your computer will respond to window 7.the windowexperience indedx tests your system and rates it with a score between 1 and 7.9. The higher thescore the better your computers performance.

1. To check your windows experience index, click on the start menu and select computer.The computer window will appear.

2. Select system properties in the button bar at the top of the screen. The system windowdisplays your computers windows experience index rating. It also shows other system

information, including whether your computer has a 32 bit or 64 bit processor.

3. Select windows experience index link to view the rating of individual computercomponents that are scored. The rating is determined by lowest subscore.
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Once you have determined which Windows 7 version you want and what kind of upgrade you need toperform, you may go to a retail outlet or the online Microsoft Store to purchase your upgrade.

Conclusion

Now that you know what it takes to upgrade, you have a better idea of whether Windows 7 is right foryou. Depending on your circumstances, upgrading may be an easy or complicated process. Aspreviously mentioned you should weigh any complications you may experience with your desire for theimprovements and features that Windows 7 has to offer. Time and cost are also factors, especially ifyou are considering purchasing a new computer.

If you are currently using Windows Vista then your upgrade experience might be quite easy. If you

have XP, then upgrading will likely be more complicated. Either way, it is probably best to download

and run the Windows Upgrade Advisorbefore proceeding.

Based on the current version of your operating system, you will need to figure out if you have toperform a simple upgrade or a custom (clean) installation. You can visit Microsoft's Upgrade to

Windows 7page to determine what type of upgrade you need and what additional information should

be considered before performing the upgrade.

Even if you do not need to do the custom (clean) installation, it is a good idea to back up your filesbefore upgrading. For more information, read Backing Up Your Computer in our Computer Basicstutorial. Microsoft provides instructions for doing a custom (clean) installation. However, you maywant to consider using a computer service professional if you are not comfortable with this process.

In this case, the score of 4.3 should be sufficient to experience most of the new windows features. If

your system scores lower than a 3, you may miss out on some of the digital media and graphicsfeatures, including Window's Aero.

What Kind of Upgrade do I Need?
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/downloads/upgrade-advisorhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/14.6http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/14.6http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/14.6http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/14.6http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/14.6http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/14.6http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/14.6http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/14.6http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/14.6http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/14.6http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/upgradehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/downloads/upgrade-advisorhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/downloads/upgrade-advisorhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/downloads/upgrade-advisorhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/downloads/upgrade-advisorhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/downloads/upgrade-advisorhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/downloads/upgrade-advisorhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/downloads/upgrade-advisor


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Personalize Font Settings

You may adjust the Font Settings and ClearType on your desktop based on yourpreferences.

To Change the Font:

1. From the Search bar in the Start Menu, type and select Fonts.2. Select the Font you desire from the Fonts

To Change the Font Size:

1. Adjust the Font Size by selecting Change Font Size from the menu on the left of the Fontspane.

2. Select the desired font size and click Apply.


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Changing the font sizePlease note that a larger font size may interfere with how some items are displayed on thescreen.

ClearType

You may also adjust the ClearType for your screen. ClearType helps improve the readabilityof text on LCD monitors and screens.

To adjust ClearType, select Adjust ClearType text from the menu on the left of the Fonts paneand following the steps for selecting the text that appears the best to you.

Action Center:


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What is the Action Center?

The Action Center is a centralized place to view Security and Maintenance messages, and italso makes it easy to find and fix problems with your computer.To Use the Action Center: If you have any important messages, the flag icon on the taskbar

will display a red "X" symbol.1. To open the Action Center, click on the small flag icon on the taskbar.2. Review the messages.3. ClickOpen Action Center to respond to messages.

Open the

Action Center

To Access the Action Center from the Control Panel:

1. Click Start.2. Go to the Control Panel.3. ClickReview Your Computer's Status underSystem and Security.

Fixing problems using the Action Center:

Your messages are displayed in the Action Center pane. Important messages will have a red bar,and less important ones will have a yellow bar. If a security or maintenance issue has a solution,there will be a button on the right side of the message.

Some messages are just notifications and do not indicate a problem with your computer. Thosemessages will not include a solution button, but they may still have important information orinstructions.


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RespondtomessagesintheActionCenter

Changing Your User Account Control Settings

What is User Account Control?

User Account Control warns you when a programoruseristryingtochangeyourcomputer'ssettings.

It puts a temporarylockon your computer until you confirm that you want to allow the changes. This

helps to protect your computer frommalicioussoftware. When it was introduced in Windows Vista, many

users found that it generated too many disruptive pop -up warnings. Windows 7 now lets the userdecidehow often they will receive those warnings.

To Change Your User Account Control Settings:

1. Open theActionCenter.

2. ClickChangeUserAccountControlsettings.


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Change User Account Control Settings

4. Use the slider to choose the level of protection you want from User AccountControl. It is recommended that you use one of the top two settings. The other twoshould only be used in special circumstances. It may be best to choose the highest settingand if you end up getting too many popups, you can always lower it to the second setting.

Adjust how you receive noti f ication messages


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Windows 7 Troubleshooting

Not all computer problems will be shown in the Action Center. For example, you may behaving trouble with aparticular program or device, or with connecting to the internet. Forthese types of problems, you will want to view the Troubleshooting options.

To get there, clickTroubleshooting at the bottom of the Action Center pane.

Access Troubleshooti ng

In the Troubleshooting pane you will see a number of programs called troubleshooters, which

help you identify and fix problems with your software and hardware.

Click the buttons in the interactive below to see information about some useful troubleshooters.Note that your computer may have a slightly different list of troubleshooters.


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4. To create user account and setting up parental control on user account.

To create a new account:

1. From the Manage Accounts pane, clickCreate a new account.2. Type an account name.

Creating an account

3. Select Standard user orAdministrator.


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4. ClickCreate Account.Changing an Account's Settings

Once you've created a new account, you may want to add a password or make other changes to

the account'ssettings.To Create a Password:

1. From the Manage Accountspane, click the account name or picture.

2. ClickCreate a password.

Create a password

3. Type a password in the New password field and retype it in the Confirm new passwordfield.


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Type a password and hin t4. If you want, you can type a password hint to help you remember your password.5. ClickCreate password.6. To go back to the Manage Accounts pane, clickManage another account.

Account passwords are case sensitive, which means that capital and lowercase letters are treated

as different characters. For example, aBc1 is not the same as abc1.

To Change Your Account Picture:

You can also change the picture for any account. This picture appears next to the account nameand helps you easily identify the account.

1. From the Manage Accounts pane, click the account name or picture.2. ClickChange the picture.


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Change the picture

3. Select a picture, or clickBrowse for more pictures to select one of your own.

Account pictures

4. ClickChange Picture.Standard vs. Administrator Accounts

Before you start making new user accounts, it's important to understand the two types of accounts:


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Standard: Standard accounts are the basic accounts you use for normal, everyday tasks.As a Standard user, you can do just about anything you would need to do, such as runningsoftware or personalizing your desktop. Also, Parental Controls can be placed on Standardaccounts.

Administrator: Administrator accounts are special accounts used for making certainchanges to system settings or managing other people's accounts. They have full access toevery setting on the computer. Every computer will have at least one Administratoraccount.

So as you can see, Administrator accounts are more powerful. But for the same reason, Standardaccounts are safer, so they are generally better for everyday use. In fact, you can makeAdministrator-level changes while logged into a Standard account; you will just need toprovide an Administrator password when making the changes.

To Go to Your User Accounts:1. Go to yourControl Panel from the Start Menu.

2. ClickAdd or remove user accounts.

3. The Manage Accounts pane will appear. You will see all of the user accounts here, and youcan add more accounts or manage existing ones.


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The Manage Accounts pane

Using Parental Controls

Windows 7 offers various Parental Controls to help you control the types of content that your

children can access. You can place parental controls on any Standard account, and each account can

have different settings. If you have more than one child, each child can have access to different types

of content, and you can always change the Parental Controls settings as your child gets older.

Learn more about Parental Controls in this video.

Before You Set Up Parental Controls

You'll need to create an account for your child, if you haven't already. It should be a Standardaccount; you can't apply Parental Controls to an Administrator account.

When you're setting up Parental Controls, it doesn't matter which account you're logged into, but if

you're logged into a Standard account, then you'll need to provide an Administrator password before

making any changes.

Make sure that your child does not know your Administrator password, as it would allow them to

change or disable Parental Controls for any user account.To Set up Parental Controls:

1. Go to yourControl Panel from the Start Menu.2. ClickSet up parental controls for any user.


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Getting to Parental Controls

3. Click on any Standard Account.

Choose an account

4.ClickOn to turn Parental Controls on.


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Parental Contr ols main page

5. Now you can clickTime limits, Games orAllow and block specific programs to set theParental Controls. We'll explore each of these on the next page.

Changing Your Parental Controls Settings

Time Limits

The Time limits settings allow you to control henyourchildcanuse thecomputer. Click and drag

from any box to allow or block a section of time. If you want, you can set different time limits on different

days. For example, you may want to allow more computer use on weekends.

Timelimits


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To Allow or Block Specific Programs:

Allow and block specific programs controls which non-game programs your child can use. Bydefault, your child can use all non-game programs. But there may be some programs you don't

Games

The Games settings allow you to select which gameratings to allow, and you can also alloworblock

specificgames. First you'll have to clickYesto allow your child to play games, then you can change your

Games settings.

Gamessettings

Here we have selected "Everyone" as the highest rating allowed. That means thechild can play games rated

"Everyone" OR "Early Childhood."

Gameratings


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want your child to use like a financial or email program. Here's how to block specific programs:

1.

ClickWill Jr can only use the programs I allow.2. ClickCheck All.3. Uncheckthe programs you want to block.

Non-game

programs

5. Commands for window power shell and MSCONFIG.

How to use MSCONFIG in Windows 7

Here is how to use MSCONFIG in Windows 7 to disable some of the unnecessary programsthat automatically load on start-up. Disabling these programs will help your computer boot

faster.

1. Click on the Windows 7 start icon in the bottom left corner of your screen.


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2. Type MSCONFIG in the search box and then either press enter on your keyboard or

double-click on the MSCONFIG program that appears in the search results.

3. Windows 7 will launch Microsoft's System Configuration Utility. Click on the Startup tab.

4. This takes you to a page with a list of "startup items." Startup items are programs that

are automatically loaded every time you turn on your computer. Some startup programs

are absolutely necessary, others are simply a waste of RAM.


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In Windows 7, allmost all of Windows' essential programs are loaded through something

called "Windows Services." This means that most of the startup items you see in

Windows 7 are completely optional and can be turned off. However, a good rule of

thumb is to disable only those programs that you recognize and don't need to haverunning all the time. When in doubt, leave it on. Or, better still, check out Paul "PacMan"

Collins' huge "Startup Applications" list at http://www.pacs-

portal.co.uk/startup_search.php. This list of over 25,000 startup items you may encounter

in MSCONFIG tells you which items are absolutely necessary, which items are optional,

and which items you should definitely uncheck.

Commands for window power shell:

1: Get-Help

The first PowerShell cmdlet every administrator should learn is Get-Help. You can usethis command to get help with any other command. For example, if you want to knowhow the Get-Process command works, you can type:

Get-Help -Name Get-Process

You can also use Get-Help with individual nouns and verbs. For example, to find out allthe commands you can use with the Get verb, type:

Get-Help -Name Get-*

2: Set-ExecutionPolicy

Although you can create and execute PowerShell scripts, Microsoft has disabledscripting by default in an effort to prevent malicious code from executing in aPowerShell environment. You can use the SetExecutionPolicy command to control the
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level of security surrounding PowerShell scripts. Four levels of security are available toyou:

Restricted -- Restricted is the default execution policy and locks PowerShell downso that commands can be entered only interactively. PowerShell scripts are not

allowed to run. All Signed -- If the execution policy is set to All Signed then scripts will be allowed

to run, but only if they are signed by a trusted publisher. Remote Signed -- If the execution policy is set to Remote Signed, any PowerShell

scripts that have been locally created will be allowed to run. Scripts created remotelyare allowed to run only if they are signed by a trusted publisher.

Unrestricted -- As the name implies, Unrestricted removes all restrictions from theexecution policy.

You can set an execution policy by entering the Set-ExecutionPolicy command followed

by the name of the policy. For example, if you wanted to allow scripts to run in anunrestricted manner you could type:

Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted

3: Get-ExecutionPolicy

If you're working on an unfamiliar server, you'll need to know what execution policy isin use before you attempt to run a script. You can find out by using the Get-ExecutionPolicy command.

4: Get-Service

The Get-Service command provides a list of all of the services that are installed on thesystem. If you are interested in a specific service you can append the -Name switch andthe name of the service (wildcards are permitted) When you do, Windows will show youthe service's state.

5: Convert To-HTML

PowerShell can provide a wealth of information about the system, but sometimes youneed to do more than just view the information onscreen. Sometimes, it's helpful tocreate a report you can send to someone. One way of accomplishing this is by using theConvertTo-HTML command.

To use this command, simply pipe the output from another command into theConvertTo-HTML command. You will have to use the -Property switch to control whichoutput properties are included in the HTML file and you will have to provide a filename.


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To see how this command might be used, think back to the previous section, where wetyped Get-Service to create a list of every service that's installed on the system. Nowimagine that you want to create an HTML report that lists the name of each service alongwith its status (regardless of whether the service is running). To do so, you could use thefollowing command:

Get-Service | ConvertTo-HTML -Property Name, Status > C:\services.htm

6: Export-CSV

Just as you can create an HTML report based on PowerShell data, you can also exportdata from PowerShell into a CSV file that you can open using Microsoft Excel. Thesyntax is similar to that of converting a command's output to HTML. At a minimum, youmust provide an output filename. For example, to export the list of system services to aCSV file, you could use the following command:

Get-Service | Export-CSV c:\service.csv

7: Select-Object

If you tried using the command above, you know that there were numerous propertiesincluded in the CSV file. It's often helpful to narrow things down by including only theproperties you are really interested in. This is where the Select-Object command comesinto play. The Select-Object command allows you to specify specific properties forinclusion. For example, to create a CSV file containing the name of each system serviceand its status, you could use the following command:

Get-Service | Select-Object Name, Status | Export-CSV c:\service.csv

8: Get-EventLog

You can actually use PowerShell to parse your computer's event logs. There are severalparameters available, but you can try out the command by simply providing the -Logswitch followed by the name of the log file. For example, to see the Application log, youcould use the following command:

Get-EventLog -Log "Application"

Of course, you would rarely use this command in the real world. You're more likely touse other commands to filter the output and dump it to a CSV or an HTML file.

9: Get-Process


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Just as you can use the Get-Service command to display a list of all of the systemservices, you can use the Get-Process command to display a list of all of the processesthat are currently running on the system.

10: Stop-Process

Sometimes, a process will freeze up. When this happens, you can use the Get-Processcommand to get the name or the process ID for the process that has stopped responding. Youcan then terminate the process by using the Stop-Process command. You can terminate aprocess based on its name or on its process ID. For example, you could terminate Notepad byusing one of the following commands:

Stop-Process -Name notepadStop-Process -ID 2668Keep in mind that the process ID may change from session to session.

11. Get-Date Get current date and time

12. Clear-Host clear/cls Clear the screen

6. To understand system restore, recovery tool option, various safe mode

options and MMC console management.

Recovering Your Settings with System Restore

What is System Restore?

Programs that you install can make changes to yoursystem settings, and occasionally this cancause problems with your computer. System Restore is often the easiest way to fix theseproblems. System Restore allows you to "rewind" your system settings to an earlier point intime, called a restore point. Keep in mind, this will not erase your recent documents, and itcannot be used to recover lost documents or other files. However, it may uninstall recentprograms and drivers.

To Run System Restore:

1. ClickRecovery at the bottom of the Action Center.
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Opening System Restore

2. ClickOpen System Restore.3. Follow the instructions on the screen.4. You will be asked to select a restore point. If you've just installed a program that seems

to be causing problems, you will probably want to restore your system to the point justbefore that program was installed.

Choose a system restore point

Microsoft Management Console 3.0

Microsoft has based most of its management applications on the Microsoft ManagementConsole, or the MMC. The MMC provides a framework for building management consoles. This
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framework has been used by Microsoft and many third-party application vendors for creatingtheir management consoles. In fact, many of configuration tools available in Windows 7 arereally MMC consoles with pre-added snap-ins. The consoles are then saved in such a way thatthey cannot be directly altered by users.

The MMC contains snap-ins that are used for system and application management. As seen inFigure 5.22, Windows 7comes with many built-in MMC snap-ins that can be used to manage thesystem. These snap-ins can

Figure 5.22: Windows 7 MMC Snap-ins be used to manage user settings, Windows

applications, security, and many other vital aspects of the system.

Windows 7 contains the following built-in MMC snap-ins:

ActiveX ControlThis snap-in allows you to add individual ActiveX controls to view andconfigure.

ActiveX controls are Internet Explorer plug-ins that are used to add functionality to thebrowser.

Authorization Manager This snap-in allows you to set permissions for AuthorizationManagerenabled applications.

CertificatesThis snap-in allows you to configure the different certificate stores availableon the system. Certificates help provide a secure operating environment for your system.

You can use them for identification, securing data, and securing communications. There are

certificate stores in place for users, applications, and the system itself.

Component ServicesThis snap-in is used to manage the system's COM+, or ComponentServices configuration. You can also configure Distributed Computer Object Model

(DCOM) and Distributed Transaction Coordinator (DTC) settings using this snap-in. These

are especially important when programs need to communicate between multiple computers.

Computer Management This snap-in is actually a collection of snap-ins used for taskscheduling, disk management, performance monitoring, and many other configuration and

management tasks.
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These snap-ins are grouped together underComputer Management for ease of use.

Device ManagerThis snap-in is used for viewing and configuration of hardware devicesinstalled on the system. You disable devices, update drivers, and troubleshoot potential

issues with your hardware devices.

Disk ManagementThis snap-in is used for disk and volume management. You can createvolumes, format disks, and enable fault tolerance.

Event ViewerThis snap-in is used to view the system event logs. These logs can help youdetermine if your system or applications are having problems. The Security log can also be

used to determine if there is unauthorized access to your system.

FolderThis snap-in is used to add a folder than can be used for organizing your snap-ins.This can come in very handy if you have added many snap-ins to a single MMC console.
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Group Policy Object EditorThis snap-in is used for configuring the Group Policy Objects on thesystem. Group policies are used to provide a centralized way for managing your systems.

IP Security MonitorThis snap-in is used to monitor the status of your IP Security(IPsec)configuration. IPsec is used to secure communications between computers. This snap-in canhelp you determine which IPsec policies are being applied to your systems.

IP Security Policy ManagementThis snap-in is used to understand and configure the settingsin your IPsec policy.

Link to Web AddressThis snap-in allows you to add a Web page to the MMC. This can beuseful for applications and systems with Webbased management.

Local Users and GroupsThis snap-in allows you to configure users and groups on the localsystem.

You can add user accounts, delete user accounts, and configure various user properties.

NAP Client ConfigurationThis snap-in allows you to configure Network Access Protection(NAP) client configuration settings. NAP is a security feature that is used to limit who can gainaccess to your network.

Performance Monitor This snap-in allows you to monitor your system performance, including

memory, hard disks, processors, and many other components.

Print ManagementThis snap-in is used to manage print servers and printers connected to thesystem.

Resultant Set of PolicyThis snap-in is used to show what settings will be applied to thesystem after all policies have been applied. This helps when you want to test out your GroupPolicy settings without actually applying them to the system.

Security Configuration and Analysis This snap-in provides configuration and analysis ofsecurity templates being applied to the system.

Security TemplatesThis snap-in allows you to edit the security templates that can be applied tothe system.

ServicesThis snap-in allows to you view and configure the properties for services runningon the system. You can disable, start, stop, or restart services. You can also configureauthentication and fault tolerance for services.
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Shared FoldersThis snap-in allow you to view properties and status information for file sharesthat exist on the system. You can see what folders are beings shared and who is accessing them.

Task SchedulerThis snap-in allows you to sche

dule tasks to be automatically run at specified times and/or at specified intervals.

TPM ManagementThis snap-in allows you to configure the Trusted Platform Module, ifone exists in the system. Trusted Platform Modules are used to generate keys for cryptographicoperations.

Windows Firewall with Advanced Security This snap-in allows you to configureWindows Firewall settings on the system. You can control what processes, applications, andsystems can access your system or generate network traffic from your system.

WMI ControlThis snap-in allows you to configure and manage the Windows ManagementInstrumentation (WMI) service. WMI is used for management and monitoring of Windows

systems. To add snap-ins to an MMC console, do the following:

1. Run the command MMC.exe from a command prompt or from the Windows 7 Search bar.2. If prompted by UAC to allow the MMC to make changes to the computer, clickYes. This

should bring up a blank MMC console.

3. From the File menu, select Add/Remove Snap-in.4. From the Add or Remove Snap-ins window, choose the snap-in you want to add.

ClickAdd. Depending on the snap-in you add, you may be prompted for additional

information.

5. After you have added all your snap-ins, click OK. You snap-ins should now appear in theMMC. The MMC can be very flexible. You can add whatever snap-ins you want to a blankMMC console. You can also modify one of the predefined management tools that use theMMC. After you have modified an MMC console, you have the option to save yourchanges. Simply select File | Save orFile | Save As, whichever is appropriate.

There are also other options available for controlling what can and cannot be done inside anMMC console. If you choose File | Options, you will be presented with the MMC Optionswindow, as seen in Figure 5.23. Here, you can change the icon used for console, or set theconsole mode. The console mode determines what users can and cannot see within the consoleand what changes they can make. The following are the four basic console modes available forthe MMC:
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Author modeThis mode gives you full access to do anything in the MMC. You can addand remove snap-ins, create views, and open new windows.

User modefull accessThis mode give you full access to the tree within the MMC. But,you cannot add or remove snap-ins.

User mode limited access, multiple windowThis mode prevents you from being ableto view contents of the tree that are not visible in the console window.

User mode limited access, single windowThis mode opens the console with just asingle window.

Users cannot view items that do not appear in that window.The Options window allows you to specify if changes to the console can be saved. There isalso an option for whether or not to allow the user to customize the console views.

MMC Options Window

Computer Management Console

System ToolsTask Scheduler, Event Viewer, Shared Folders, Local Users and Groups,Performance, Device Manager

StorageDisk Management Services and ApplicationsServices, WMI Control

Figure 5.24: Computer Management Console

These snap-ins are used to manage the system. Again, these snap-ins can be used individually.The Computer Management console just puts them all together to make management easier. Ifyou need to, you can create a custom MMC console with these snap-ins in addition to others.


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Local Group Policy Editor

Setting individual settings can be quite cumbersome. To help Windows uses the concept ofgroup policies. Group policies can be used to easily set multiple settings. Windows 7 comeswith an MMC snap-in called Group Policy Object Editor. You can add this snap-in to theMMC and choose Local Computer when asked which Group Policy Object to edit. Now, you

can edit the computer's local group policy.

As seen in Figure 5.25, the local computer policy is divided into two main sections: ComputerConfiguration and User Configuration.

Figure 5.25: Local Computer Policy Snap-in

Computer Configuration

The Computer Configuration section is used for computer-wide settings. Many of thesesettings are applied when the system first boots up. These settings will apply to any user whologs into the system. The Computer Configuration section contains three subfolders:

Software SettingsBy default, there is nothing to be configured here. Windows Settings These are general Windows settings that can be configured for all

users. There are subnodes for Name Resolution Policy, Scripts(Startup/Shutdown),

Deployed Printers, Security Settings, and Policy-based QoS.

Administrative Templates These are registry-based settings that can be set for thesystem. There are subnodes forControl Panel, Network, Printers, System, andWindows

Components.

User Configuration

The User Configuration section is used for user-specific settings. Most of these settings are

not applied until a user logs into a system. These settings will apply no matter what system auser logs into. The User Configuration section contains three subfolders:

Software SettingsBy default, there is nothing to be configured here. Windows Settings These are general Windows settings that can be configured for all

users. There are subnodes for Scripts(Logon/Logoff), Security Settings, Policy-based

QoS, Deployed Printers, and Internet Explorer Maintenance.


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Administrative Templates These are registry-based settings that can be set for thesystem. There are subnodes forControl Panel, Desktop, Network, Shared Folders, Start

Menu, and Taskbar,

System, and Windows Components.

7. Introduction to window 7 upgrade advisor, windows defender and windows

registry file.

Windows RegistryThe registry has long been the central configuration store for Windows systems. The registry is

divided in categories called hives. These hives are where the actual configuration settings arestored.

There are five main hives in the registry are as follows: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT This maintains file type associations. HKEY_CURRENT_USER This maintains user settings for the user currently logged

into the system.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINEThis maintain system-wide settings. HKEY_USERSThis maintains user settings for all users. HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIGThis maintains information about the current hardware

configuration.

The registry can be modified directly or indirectly. You must be careful when modifying theregistry directly. Any misconfigurations or typos can severely affect the functioning of yoursystem. Regedt32 is the primary tool provided with Windows 7 for modifying the registry. Youcan use Regedt32 to configure registry settings and to set registry permissions.

Simplified Configuration and Management of Desktops

Microsoft developers included an undocumented method for simplifying administration by

combining shortcuts. It is a simple and single container with multiple shortcuts to Windows 7options that are available through other methods as seen in Figure 5.26. This may be helpfulfor administrators and power users alike to configure and manage single Windows 7 desktops.
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Combined Shortcut Window

Windows Task Scheduler

1. Open Task Scheduler by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking Systemand Security, clickingAdministrative Tools, and then double-clicking Task Scheduler. Ifyou're prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provideconfirmation.

2. Click the Action menu, and then click Create Basic Task.

3. Type a name for the task and an optional description, and then click Next.

4. Do one of the following:

To select a schedule based on the calendar, click Daily, Weekly, Monthly, or One time,click Next; specify the schedule you want to use, and then click Next.

To select a schedule based on common recurring events, click When the computer starts orWhen I log on, and then click Next.

To select a schedule based on specific events, click When a specific event is logged, clickNext; specify the event log and other information using the drop-down lists, and then clickNext.

5. To schedule a program to start automatically, click Start a program, and then click Next.

6. Click Browse to find the program you want to start, and then click Next.

7. Click Finish.

To schedule a task to run automatically when the computer starts

If you want a task to run when the computer starts, whether a user is logged on or not, followthese steps.

1. Open Task Scheduler by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking Systemand Security, clickingAdministrative Tools, and then double-clicking Task Scheduler. Ifyou're prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provideconfirmation.


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2. Click the Action menu, and then click Create Basic Task.

3. Type a name for the task and an optional description, and then click Next.

4. Click When the computer starts, and then click Next.

5. To schedule a program to start automatically, click Start a program, and then click Next.6. Click Browse to find the program you want to start, and then click Next.

7. Select the Open the Properties dialog for this task when I click Finish check box and clickFinish.

8. In the Properties dialog box, select Run whether user is logged on or not, and then clickOK.

8. Making a word file and how to protect it with password.

The following part shows you a simply instruction ofpassword protecting Microsoft Excel2013 files.

Open the Microsoft Excel 2013 spreadsheet that you want to password protects. And click onthe "FILE" on the left tip of the interface.

Select the "Info" option from the left-side panel of the File menu. Select "Protect Workbook"and then the "Encrypt with Password" on the drop down menu.
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Type your password in the Encrypt Document dialog window. Remember that the passwordshould be strong and unforgettable.

Note: A strong password needs to contain special character such as @#$%^& and must be atleast 8 characters long.

Re-enter your password in the Conform password window and click "OK".


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How to Password Protect Excel 2013 Read Only Option?

Microsoft Excel 2013 also let users to secure their documents from changing by using editrestriction options. Thus others can only read but cannot change your Excel 2013 files.

Here is how:

1. Click on the "FILE"-> "Info" option -> "Protect Workbook" -> Restrict Editing 2. Set the formatting as well as editing restrictions on the document.

3. Check the "Allow only this type of editing document" within the Editing Restrictions andchoose the No change (Read only) option in the dropdown list and then select "Everyone" ingroups.


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4. Enter your password in the "Start Enforcing Protection" box and click "OK".

Protecting an Excel 2013 workbook is easy with the steps above. In addition, a number ofExcel 2013 users complain that they often encounter the dilemma of forgetting Excel 2013password. With that in mind, I will introduce a simple way for you to find your lost Excel 2013password below.

How to Recover Password-protected Excel 2013 File?

Download and install an Excel 2013 password recovery tool on your computer. Launch thesoftware after installation.


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Download SmartKey Excel Password Recovery:

Size: 31.15MB

Secure Download

Select an attack type to recover your forgotten MS Excel password. (Normally choose fromBrute-Force with Mask, Brute-Force Attack, and Dictionary).

Your lost password will be appearing in the File Opening Password box of the pop-updialogue window after a few seconds.

Now following the tips we offered you can easily protect workbook in Excel 2013 wheneveryou need to. And if unfortunately forgot MS Excel 2013 password, don't worry; the powerfulMicrosoft Excel 2013 password recovery tool will recover your password effectively andprofessionally.
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9. To create a blog.

How To Create a Blog for Free in 4 Easy Steps

Step 1: Choose a free blogging software.

Step 2: Register for an account and create your blog

These articles from About.com Web Logs provide step-by-step instructions to help you start a blogwith either of the two most popular free blogging softwares - Blogger.com and Wordpress.com.

Step 3: Select Your Domain, Theme and Other Options.

During the registration process for your new blog account, you'll need to choose a domain nameand blog theme. You also might want to take a few minutes before you actually start blogging tocustomize some of the other preferences for your blog that your blogging software allows you tomodify such as the author name, comment moderation process, and so on. However, you're notrequired to do any customization before you start publishing blog posts.

Step 4: Start blogging.

Once you've completed steps 1-3, you're ready to join the blogosphere and start publishing contenton your blog. There are many more ways you can customize your blog with plug-ins, feeds,blogrolls, and more, but these four easy steps are all you need to follow in order to start a simpleblog.

How to enable a pen drive to use on a system if it is disabled?

Right click on My computer; You will see manage.

Click on Manage, You will get the Computer management Local on the left and you will seedevice manager;

Click on device manager; You will see Universal Serial Bus Controllers on the right;

Click on USB Controllers you will see storage, right click on it, you will see the enable menu, just

click it .

Remote Desktop Connection

Remote Desktop Connection is a technology that allows you to sit at a computer (sometimes calledthe client computer) and connect to a remote computer (sometimes called the host computer) in adifferent location. For example, you can connect to your work computer from your home computer
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and have access to all of your programs, files, and network resources as though you were in frontof your computer at work. You can leave programs running at work and then, when you get home,you can see your work computer's desktop displayed on your home computer, with the sameprograms running.

A Remote Desktop connection between twocomputers

You cannot use Remote Desktop Connection to connect to remote (host) computers runningthe following editions ofWindows Vista:

Windows Vista Starter Windows Vista Home Basic Windows Vista Home Basic N Windows Vista Home Premium

However, any edition of Windows Vista can be running on your computer (the one you want toconnect from).

You cannot use Remote Desktop Connection to connect to remote computers runningWindows XP.

You don't need to install it. In this version of Windows, Remote Desktop Connection isinstalled by default.

Open Remote Desktop Connection by clicking the Start button , clicking AllPrograms, clicking Accessories, and then clicking Remote Desktop Connection.

To allow remote connections on the computer you want to connect to, follow these steps:

1. Open System by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking Systemand Maintenance, and then clicking System.


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2. ClickRemote settings on the left.3. In the System Properties dialog box, underRemote Desktop, select the one of the three

options, and then click Select Users. If you are prompted for an administratorpassword or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

If you are an administrator on the computer, your current user account will automaticallybe added to the list of remote users and you can skip the next two steps.

4. In the Remote Desktop Users dialog box, clickAdd.5. In the Select Users or Groups dialog box, do the following:

To specify the search location, clickLocations, and then select the location you want tosearch.

In Enter the object names to select, type the name of the user that you want to add, andthen clickOK.

The name will be displayed in the list of users in the Remote Desktop Users dialog box.

Note

You cant connect to a computer that is sleeping or hibernating, so make sure the settingsfor sleep and hibernation on the remote computer are set to Never. (Hibernation is notavailable on all computers.) For information about making those changes, see Change,create, or delete a power plan (scheme).

How do I change Remote Desktop Connection settings?1. Open Remote Desktop Connection by clicking the Start button , clicking AllPrograms, clicking Accessories, and then clicking Remote Desktop Connection.

2. Before connecting, clickOptions, and then make the changes you want on the Display,Local Resources, Programs,Experience, and Advanced tabs.

1. NoteTo save these settings for future connections, on the General tab, clickSave.

2. ClickConnect.How can I disconnect from a Remote Desktop session?

To disconnect without ending your Remote Desktop session

You can temporarily disconnect from a session by clicking the Close button on theconnection bar (the horizontal bar at the top of your screen). This leaves your programsrunning so that, next time you connect, you can continue where you left off.
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To end your Remote Desktop session and disconnect

In the Remote Desktop Connection window, click the Start button , click the arrownext to the Lockbutton , and then clickLog Off.

How can I reconnect after temporarily disconnecting from a Remote Desktop session?

Connect to the remote computer as you normally would. The next time you connect to thesame remote computer, Remote Desktop Connection automatically reconnects to the sessionthat was in progress (if the remote computer is set up to allow reconnecting of disconnectedsessions).

Can I use keyboard shortcuts with Remote Desktop Connection?

Yes. There are two ways to do this. You can set up the remote computer to recognize Windowskeyboard shortcuts that you type (for example, ALT+TAB), or you can use Terminal Server

keyboard shortcuts.To use Windows keyboard shortcuts, follow these steps:

1. Open Remote Desktop Connection by clicking the Start button , clicking AllPrograms, clicking Accessories, and then clicking Remote Desktop Connection.

2. ClickOptions, and then clickLocal Resources.3. Under Keyboard, select On the remote computer to make the remote computer

recognize the Windows keyboard shortcuts that you type. (You can also choose In full

screen mode only to get the same result as long as you use Remote Desktop Connectionin full-screen mode. This is the default setting.)

What is Windows Remote Assistance?

Applies to Windows 7

Sometimes the best way to fix a problem is to have someone show you how. Windows RemoteAssistance is a convenient way for someone you trust, such as a friend or technical supportperson, to connect to your computer and walk you through a solutioneven if that person isn'tnearby. To help ensure that only people you invite can connect to your computerusingWindows Remote Assistance, all sessions are encrypted and password protected.
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Remote Assistance connection between twocomputers

By following a few steps, you can invite someone to connect to your computer. After he or sheis connected, that person can view your computer screen and chat with you about what youboth see. With your permission, your helper can even use his or her own mouse and keyboardto control your computer and show you how to fix a problem. You can also help someone elsethe same way. For more information, see Get help with your computer using WindowsRemote Assistance andHelp someone with a computer problem using Windows RemoteAssistance.

Sending a Remote Assistance Invitation

1. Open Help and Support Center by clicking Start, and then clicking Help and Support.2. Under Ask for Assistance click Invite a friend to connect to your computer withRemoteAssistance.3. The Remote Assistance page is displayed. ClickInvite someone to help you.4. There are three available options for sending the Remote Assistance invitation: Windows

Messenger, email, or saving the invitation as a file. Choose one of the three options, andthen follow the directions. With the email orSave as Invitation methods, the Novicewill be given the opportunity to protect the session with a password. The Novice mustalso select a time period when the invitation will automatically expire. The Novice canexpire any invitation at any time by clicking the View invitation status link on theRemote Assistance page that is referred to in Step 3.

5. When the Expert receives the invitation, the Expert is prompted for the password whichthe Novice set. After supplying this password, the Expert can initiate the RemoteAssistance session.

6. After the Expert initiates the session, the Novice's computer verifies the password thatthe Expert entered.

7. The Novice's computer also checks to make sure that the invitation that the Expert usedis a valid invitation and that the invitation is still open.
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8. If the invitation is open and the password is correct, the Novice receives a notificationstating that the Expert wants to start the session now and the Novice is prompted to startthe Remote Assistance session.

9. If the Novice chooses to start the session, the Remote Assistance Novice chat dialogbox will open on the Novice's computer and the Remote Assistance Expert consoleopens on the Expert's computer. At this point, the Expert can see everything on the

Novice computer, in real time.10.The Expert can request to take control of the Novices computer at this point by clickingthe Take

Control button on the Expert console. This sends a message to the Novice's computer notifyingthe Novice that the Expert is requesting to take control of the computer. The message providesthe following three methods by which the Novice can stop the Experts control of their computer:

Press the ESC key. Hold down the CTRL key, and then press the C key.Click the Stop Control button next to the Novice's chat window.

11.If the Novice chooses to give control of the computer to the Expert, the Novice and theExpert share control of the keyboard and the mouse. It is best if the Novice does notmove the mouse or type when the Expert has control because the session responds toboth users inputs, which causes the mouse to behave erratically. If the Novice stopscontrol, the Remote Assistance session continues and the Expert can still see theNovice's desktop.

10. Implementation of disk defragmenter and disk cleanup maintenance tools.

What is disk defragmentation?

Applies to Windows Vista

Disk defragmentation describes the process of consolidating fragmented files on yourcomputer's hard disk.

Fragmentation happens to a hard disk over time as you save, change, or delete files. Thechanges that you save to a file are often stored at a location on the hard disk that's differentfrom the original file. Additional changes are saved to even more locations. Over time, both thefile and the hard disk itself become fragmented, and your computer slows down as it has tolook in many different places to open a file.

Disk Defragmenter is a tool that rearranges the data on your hard disk and reunites fragmented

files so your computer can run more efficiently. In this version of Windows, DiskDefragmenter runs on a schedule so you don't have to remember to run it, although you canstill run it manually or change the schedule it uses.

To start Disk Defragmenter MMC, use one of the methods that is described in this article.

Method 1: Use the Properties of Your Local Disk

1. Open My Computer.


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2. Right-click the local disk volume that y