introduction to using computers, chapter 1 itsc 1401: introduction to computers instructor: glenda...

Introduction to Using Introduction to Using Computers, Chapter 1Computers, Chapter 1

ITSC 1401: Introduction to Computers

Instructor: Glenda H. Easter

Introduction to Using a Computer, Chp. 1

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Website InformationWebsite Information All lectures will be posted on the El Centro

College website and Electronic Reserve To access:

– http://www.ecc.dcccd.edu/bus-ps/cis/glenda/easter.htm To access electronic Reserve:

– http://library.dcccd.edu– Electronic Reserves– Easter, ITSC 1401

To access eCampus– http://ecampus.dcccd.edu/


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Computer Literacy--What Is Computer Literacy--What Is It?It?

It is knowledge of the types of systems. It is being familiar with computer

applications. It is being able to handle basic

troubleshooting needs.


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What is a Computer?What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that can be programmed.

A program is a list of instructions telling the computer what to do.

Hardware is the actual machine and its components.

Software is the instructions that drive a machine to perform useful functions.


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Introduction to the ComputerIntroduction to the Computer Definition: A

programmable electronic device --processes data and outputs information

ITSC 1401


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Input DevicesInput Devices

There are several commonly used input devices for the computer.

Some of those devices include:– The keyboard– The mouse– A microphone– A PC camera


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The System UnitThe System Unit

The System Unit is a box-like case made from metal or plastic that houses the computer electronic circuitry.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) also called a processor is the electronic device that interprets and carries out instructions that operate the computer.

Memory temporarily holds data and instructions while they are being processed by the CPU.


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Storage DevicesStorage Devices

Four common storage devices are:– A floppy disk drive

• This includes a Zip Drive which is a higher capacity floppy disk that stores the equivalent of about 70 standard floppy disks.

– A hard disk drive• A hard disk usually consists of several circular disks on which

data, instructions, and information are stored magnetically.

• Some hard disks are removable, much like a floppy disk.

– A CD-ROM drive

– A DVD-ROM drive


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The Five Elements of the Computing Process Hardware Software Data People Procedure


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Output

Some types of hardware devices.

Storage

Input

Processor

Input andoutput

Memory


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Communications DevicesCommunications Devices

Communication devices enable computers to communicate with other computers. These devices can also exchange data, instructions, and other information.

These devices transmit over transmission media such as telephone lines, cable, or other media used to establish a connection between two computers.


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Why Are Computers So Why Are Computers So Powerful?Powerful?

They perform the IPOS Cycle with the following characteristics:– Speed: The speed occurs through electronic

circuits.– Reliability to produce consistent results.– Accuracy to prevent GIGO (garbage in, garbage

out)– Storage to handle enormous amounts of data.– Communications to communicate with other

computers to transmit data, files, or information.


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The Four Basic Types of The Four Basic Types of OperationsOperations

The performance of basic operations is known as the IPOS Cycle. Input - Accepting data via input device. Processing - Performs operations to transform data Output - Shows results of processing data Storage - Stores the results


15Chapter 1, Lesson A Slide No. 10

Elements of the Computing Process

IPOS Cycle

OUTPUT

STORAGE

PROCESSING

INPUT


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Computer SoftwareComputer Software

Software is also called computer program or program.

It consists of:– System Software

• Operating System

• Utility Programs

• User Interface

– Application Software


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Application and System Software Application software and system

software --– work together to provide useful output.


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System SoftwareSystem Software There are three types of System Software:

– Operating System that contains the instructions that coordinate all of the activities of hardware devices.

• It contains the instructions that allow you to run application software.

– Utility Programs that performs a specific task, usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs. An example would be an uninstaller.

• There are several utility programs for managing disk drives, printers, and other devices.

– User Interface is the part of the software with which you interact, such as a GUI system.


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Application SoftwareApplication Software

Application Software consists of programs designed to perform specific tasks for users.

Types of Application Software include:– Packaged Software or commercial off-the-shelf

software.

– Custom Software which is a program developed at the user’s request.

– Shareware is distributed free for a trial period.

– Freeware and Public-Domain Software is free and has no copyright restrictions.


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Software DevelopmentSoftware Development

People working with software development include:– Computer programmers or programmers– Systems analysis


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A NetworkA Network

A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications media and devices such as cables, telephone lines, modems, or other means.

When computers are networked, they can share resources such as hardware devices, software programs, data, and information.


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The InternetThe Internet

The Internet allows the user to do a number of things:– Send messages using e-mail.– Shop for goods and services.– Access sources of entertainment and other

leisure activities.– Access information such as maps, stock market

data, news, and airline schedules.– Meet or converse with people around the world.


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Computer CategoriesComputer Categories

There are four major categories of computers:– Personal computers (Microcomputers)– Minicomputers– Mainframe computers– Supercomputers

IBMIBM AS400AS400


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Types of ComputersTypes of Computers

There are four types of computers:– Supercomputer– Mainframe– Microcomputers– Minicomputers


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Types of Computers Types of Computers (Continued)(Continued)

Supercomputer Minicomputer

Microcomputer


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Factors Determining Type of Factors Determining Type of ComputerComputer

Technology Function Physical Size Cost Performance


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Four Types of ComputersFour Types of Computers

Mainframes: Developed in the 1950s by IBM.

Supercomputers: Developed in the 1960s

Minicomputers: Developed around 1968

Microcomputers: Developed around 1975


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Desktop Computers (PCs) Types

– Apple– IBM/Compatibles

Workstations PowerPCs Multitasking

MicrocomputersMicrocomputers


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Personal ComputersPersonal Computers

PCs are frequently called microprocessor. This is a central processing unit (CPU) on a

single chip and is the basic building block of a PC.

There are two major categories of personal computers:– Desktop computers– Portable computers


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Desktop ComputersDesktop Computers

This is designed so that the system unit, input devices, output devices, and other devices fit entirely on or under a desk.– A tower model is available in a variety of

heights. A less expensive desktop computer that

combines the monitor and system unit into a single device is called an all-in-one computer.


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Microcomputers and Microcomputers and WorkstationsWorkstations

Workstations and microcomputers are single-user computers.

They are designed to meet the computing needs of an individual.

These computers are small, but they’re too big to carry around.


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Microcomputers and Microcomputers and WorkstationsWorkstations

Workstations also usually have security software so that different users can use them at different times without interfering with each other’s work.

Microcomputers were introduced at the cost of approximately $50,000.


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MicrocomputersMicrocomputers

Microcomputers offer buyers an option. Many medium sized companies were

squeezed out of the market because they couldn’t afford the cost of the mainframe


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WorkstationsWorkstations

Workstations have a higher speed disk than microcomputers and local area network boards allow interconnection.

Most workstations use systems software than enable them to be time shared.


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Stand-Alone ComputersStand-Alone Computers

This is a type of personal computer that is not connected to a network and has the capability of performing the IPOS cycle.


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Network Computers and Web Network Computers and Web AppliancesAppliances

A Network Computer is specifically designed to connect to a network.

A Web appliance or Internet Appliance is designed specifically to connect to the Internet at home or on the road.

WebTV sits on top of your television set and allows you to access the Internet and navigates Web pages.


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Computers On The MoveComputers On The Move

Laptop Computers Notebook Computers Docking Station Palmtop Computers Smart Cards

SMART CARD

Bill SmithBill Smith

Now is the time

Now is the time


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Computers on the MoveComputers on the Move

The battery life of a portable computer is determined partly by the type of its display screen.

If the hard disk is frequently used, it will require a great deal of battery power.

Portable Computers: They can be plugged in and used anywhere. Docking stations contain network, disk, and display interfaces.


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Computers on the Move Computers on the Move ((Continued)Continued)

Palmtop Computers: These rarely include a disk system.

They use memory cards and can be connected to a desktop system to exchange data.

Some PC-compatible palmtop computers use MS-DOS.


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Computers on the Move Computers on the Move ((Continued)Continued)

Smart Cards: Incorporate a microprocessor and memory chips. It is used in France to pay for purchases and tolls.

Smart cards for medical history are currently being tested.


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Those Smaller ComputersThose Smaller Computers

Laptop Computers are designed for mobility.

They are often called notebook computers. Handheld Computers or palmtop

computer is a personal computer designed to fit in your hand.– They do not have disk drives.– Their programs and data are stored on chips

inside the system unit.


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Those Smaller Computers Those Smaller Computers (Continued)(Continued)

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) supports personal information management (PIM).

These applications include:– Calendar– Appointment book– Calculator– Memo pad– Telephone services– Internet access

Some PDAs use pen input.


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Computer TypesMinicomputers

Computer TypesMinicomputers

Multiuser Systems Comparison to Mainframes

– Slower– Less Storage– Slower Printers

Mid-Range Computers


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MinicomputersMinicomputers

Minicomputers were started in the late 1960s. The “mini” skirts weren’t the only mini’s at that time.

Minicomputers have terminals or devices for input and output.

Minicomputers’ input and output storage devices look like those on mainframes.


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MinicomputersMinicomputers(Continued(Continued)

The distinction between these two categories of computers are blurring as time passes.

Minicomputers are frequently referred to as mid-range computers.

They handle all input and output on their own.


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TerminalsTerminals

A terminal is a form of input and output that consists of a keyboard, a monitor, and a communication link.

There are three types of terminals: Dumb Terminals Smart Terminals Intelligent Terminals


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Dumb TerminalsDumb Terminals

These are used to input and receive data only.

They cannot process data independently. An examples of a dumb terminal is a

terminal used by an airline reservation clerk.


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Computer TypesMainframes

Computer TypesMainframes

Like minicomputers, mainframes can act as a server in a network environment.


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MainframesMainframes

Mainframes are synonymous with IBM. In 1964 IBM started the System 360 mainframes.

Mainframes carries out processing for multi-task uses.

Mainframes use minicomputers for front-end processing.


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Computer TypesSupercomputers

Computer TypesSupercomputers

CCRRAAYY

Supercomputers obtain speed with multiple processors.

Cray dominates the market with supercomputers.


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SupercomputersSupercomputers

Supercomputer centers are located across the United States, mostly at university and other research centers.

These machines cost between $500,000 - $35 million.

Computer time is very expensive, but research grants are frequently available.

Supercomputers have less expensive time available late at night.


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Computer UsageComputer Usage

Home User Small Business User

– Computers aid small businesses in managing their resources effectively.

Mobile User– Mobile users often have a laptop computer

equipped with a modem which enables them to transfer information between their computer and another computer.


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Computer Usage Computer Usage (Continued)(Continued)

Mobile User and a Docking Station (Continued):– A laptop can be transformed into a desktop

computer with a docking station.– The docking station contains connections to

peripherals such as a keyboard, monitor, printer and other devices.

– With a docking station, the mobile user can enjoy the features of a full-sized keyboard and monitor.

Large Business Users


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Computer Usage Computer Usage (Continued)(Continued)

Power User– This type of computer is frequently needed for

engineers, architects, desktop publishers, and graphic artists.

– Workstations also are used by developers working with multimedia to combine text, graphics, sound and video into one application.


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Transferring Data between Computers

Linking Computers Web Page Design

Computers as a Provider of InformationComputers as a Provider of Information

HiHi

HiHi


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Embedded ComputersEmbedded Computers

Video Game Players Microwave Ovens VCRs Watches Thermostats Alarm Clocks


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Embedded ComputersEmbedded Computers

Embedded Computers: are found everywhere, but especially in your home.

Household devices that electronically time, measure, or carry out complex tasks probably use embedded computers.

Your automobiles also have embedded computers to perform certain tasks.

introduction to using computers, chapter 1 itsc 1401: introduction to computers instructor: glenda...

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