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Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairban Mat Su /Copper River District

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Page 1: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Introduction to the Global Positioning

System

byDr. Stephen C. Brown

University of Alaska at FairbanksMat Su /Copper River District

Page 2: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

WHAT IS GPS?

• Satellite based radio positioning system

• Developed and maintained by the U.S. Department of Defense

• Made up of three segments:SpaceControlUser or Ground receivers

• Used for obtaining accurate locations any where on earth

Page 3: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

GPS Is An Excellent Mapping GPS Is An Excellent Mapping ToolTool

–Instantly gives:• Altitude

• Speed

• Longitude and Latitude

Page 4: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Space Segment

Page 5: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

•USER SEGMENTLAND SEA AIR

NEEDFour SV’s.

Page 6: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

• Maintained by the Department of Defense

Control Segment

Page 7: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

How It Works….

TrilaterationTrilateration

Page 8: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

How It Works….

Page 9: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

How It Works….

Page 10: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

How It Works….

Page 11: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

How It Works….

Page 12: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Increasing Accuracy:Wide Area Augmentation

Service (WAAS)

100 m 15 m <3m

Page 13: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Recognizing Coordinate Systems

Format Type Example Coordinate (all are same position)

Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (DMS): 290 34’ 15” Decimal Minutes (DM): 290 34.25’Decimal Degrees (DD): 29.57080

290 34’ 15” is the same as 29 34 15290 34.25’ is the same as 29 34.25

Page 14: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Coordinates

A “metric” coordinate system

5V 605913.13 E6707279.66 N

605913.13 meters Easting

6707

279.

66 m

eter

s N

orth

ing

Page 15: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

UTM Zones

Page 16: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

The Right Datum is Important!

GPS data stored in WGS84/NAD83 datum and displaying them with GIS data in NAD27 datum can result in 100's of meters in error!

Page 17: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Error Problems in AlaskaSV’s are on an southern equatorial plane

Mountains often block the sky

Extreme cold impact batteries

Page 18: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

•Navigation•Sailing, hiking and aviation•Collecting and locating way-points

•Locating Features• Stocking locations or stream surveys• Endangered or sensitive species locations • Locating trails or physical structures

•GIS•Collecting GPS data along with attribute data• Mapping and database update

•Surveying•Locating Control Points quickly

Page 19: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 20: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 21: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 22: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 23: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Garmin GPS ReceiversGarmin GPS Receivers

• Inexpensive and downloadable

• Available locally for lessthan $150

• Most GPS receivers similarin operation

Page 24: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 25: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

SV VisibilitySV Visibility

clear view obstructed view

clear viewclear view obstructed view obstructed view

Page 26: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 27: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

SkyView PageSkyView Page

• Satellite status appears while the

unit “finds” thesatellites

• Acquisition can take several minutes

Page 28: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 29: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 30: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 31: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 32: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

WaypointsWaypoints

tracktrack

waypoint 1waypoint 1

2233

44

Page 33: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Creating WaypointsCreating Waypoints

Page 34: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Creating WaypointsCreating Waypoints

Page 35: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Selecting WaypointsSelecting Waypoints

Page 36: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Selecting WaypointsSelecting Waypoints

Page 37: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Selecting WaypointsSelecting Waypoints

Page 38: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

What is Geocaching?What is Geocaching?

Geocaching is a worldwide “scavenger hunt” using GPS to find “caches” of treasure. The only rules are to leave something if you take

something and do not disturb the cache

Page 39: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 40: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 41: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District
Page 42: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

www.easygps.com

Page 43: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

GPS Online Resources

www.garmin.com

www.trimble.com

www.geocaching.com

www.earth.google.com

Page 44: Introduction to the Global Positioning System by Dr. Stephen C. Brown University of Alaska at Fairbanks Mat Su /Copper River District

Steve Brown:

[email protected]

907-745-3639

Mat-Su/Copper River District

University of Alaska Fairbanks

Cooperative Extension Service