Introduction to the Bodies Cavities

Medical Biology-Unit 3

ALL students will be able to…

Write a ½-1 page summary describing the major cavities of the body that includes the major organs in the cavities and which systems they are a part of.

Body Cavities

Ventral(Front) Dorsal(Back)

Thoracic Abdomiopelvic Cranial Vertebral Canal

(Chest) (Belly) (Head) (Spine) brain spinal cord

Pleural AbdominalLungs stomach, intestines

liver, pancreas, spleenPericardial Pelvic heart urinary bladder,

rectum, reproductive organs

Dorsalcavity

Ventralcavity

Thoracic cavity:contains esophagus,heart, and lungs

Cranialcavity:contains brain

Vertebralcavity:containsspinal cord

diaphragm

plurae

pericardium

peritoneum

Thoraciccavity:contains heart,lungs, andesophagus

Abdominalcavity:contains stomach,liver, spleen,pancreas,gallbladder,and intestinesPelviccavity:containsreproductiveand otherorgansa.

b.

Abdominal cavity:contains digestive and other organs

Pelvic cavity:contains reproductiveand other organs

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Organization of Body Cavities The organs of the body are

surrounded by membranes. These thin tissues similar to plastic bags

serve as protective barriers for the organs.

Each organ is “double bagged” The parietal membrane is lining the wall of

the cavity The visceral membrane is lining the organ

itself

Dorsal Cavity

The spinal cord and brain are contained within their own membranes to prevent infectious agents from entering the body’s control center “Spinal Taps” are necessary to

determine chemical nature of spinal fluid

Ventral Cavity

The diaphragm separates the thoracic from the abdominopelvic cavities.

At times, due to pressure, a breakage in the abdominal cavities wall causes a portion of the visceral organs(usually the intestines) to poke out of the cavity. This is called a hernia.

Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure and function.

Tissues are classified into four main categories: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue.

Outside of body and lines organs and cavities; held together by tight junctions

Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial Descriptions:

Squamous=flat Cuboidal=cube shape Columnar=column shape Simple= 1 layer Stratified= many layers Pseudostratified= looks like a few

layers, but actually only one.

What is it?

The major types of connective tissues in vertebrates are dense (fibrous) tissue, loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood.

Each has a structure correlated with its specialized function.

Connective Tissue

Muscle cells or fibers capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses Long multi-nucleated cells

3 types of Muscular tissue: Skeletal: voluntary movement

(striated) Cardiac: contractile wall of heart

(branched striated) Smooth: involuntary activities (no

striations)

Muscle Tissue

Senses stimuli and transmits signals from 1 part of the animal to another

Nervous tissues are found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

2 types of cells: Neurons, or nerve cells, conduct nervous

impulses Neuroglia, Helper cells, support and nourish

the neurons.

Nervous Tissue

What do You Remember?

For each of the following slides, wait for Mr. Smuts to ask you what the tissue is before you answer.

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

11 Organ Systems

Nervous Integumentary Skeletal Muscular CirculatorySystem System System System

System

Top(from left to

right)- Respirator

y System- Digestive

System- Excretory

System

Bottom(from left to

right)- Endocrine

System- Reproducti

ve System- Immune

System

Nervous System

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

All other nerves Functions?1. Recognizes and

responds to stimulus

Integumentary System

Skin, hair, nails, etc. Functions? Protective barrier

1. Environment2. Sunlight

Skeletal System

Bones, cartilage, etc. Functions?1. Structure2. Support3. Protection4. Movement

Muscular System

Muscles Functions?1. Movement2. Circulates Blood3. Helps with Digestion

Circulatory System

Heart, blood vessels

Functions?1. Supplies cells

with oxygen and nutrients

2. Removes waste

Respiratory System

Nose, trachea, lungs, etc.

Functions?1. Provides oxygen2. Removes carbon

dioxide

Digestive System

Mouth, stomach, intestines, etc.

Accessory Organs Liver, Pancreas, Gall

Bladder Functions?1. Converts food into

nutrients the cells can use

2. Eliminates waste

Excretory System

Kidneys, bladder, urethra, etc.

Functions?1. Eliminates

waste

Endocrine System

Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, etc.

Functions?1. Growth2. Development3. Metabolism

Reproductive System

Male Urethra, testes, etc.

Female Ovary, uterus, etc.

Functions?1. Produce

reproductive cells2. Nurture and protect

developing embryo (females only)

Immune System

White blood cells, lymph nodes, etc.

Functions?1. Protect from infection2. Helps balance fluids