introduction to technical guidance first global dialogue ......introduction to technical guidance...

http://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics

Introduction to Technical GuidanceFirst Global Dialogue on Ocean Accounting

November 12-15, 2019

Michael BORDT.

Consultant, ESCAP

https://www.oceanaccounts.org/


Introduction to Technical Guidance

1. Why a Technical Guidance Manual?

2. What are Ocean Accounts?

3. How we got here

4. What’s in the manual?

5. What we will do this week

6. What’s next?

LinkedIn & Twitter: #oceanaccountsLinkedIn group: Partnerships for Ocean Accounting


Ecosystems & the Ocean2



Why a Technical Guidance Manual?

• One objective of ocean accounts is to establish a common language among scientists, statisticians and policy experts

• Another is to bring the ocean into official statistics


View from the

Maldives National

Bureau of Statistics


Why a Technical Guidance Manual?

• Why?• Coherence (well designed and understood classifications,

concepts and methods)

• Quality assurance (source of verified information for planning and decision making)

• Statisticians need “manuals”• Many people, departments, countries working on similar topics

• Already have many manuals (SNA, SEEA, ISIC, Quality Assurance, Tourism, Water, Energy…)

• Existing manuals• None focused on “ocean”, but principles and concepts exist

• Ocean Accounts Framework adapts and expands existing concepts



1. What are Ocean Accounts?



SNAOcean economy

Illegal, unreported,unregulated

SEEA

Natural assets & flows Wastes

ExpendituresTaxes & subsidies

SEEA Ecosystems

ExtentConditions

BiodiversityServices & values

Missing

BeneficiariesTechnology

GovernanceManagement

SNA + SEEA + ? = Ocean Accounts

ESCAP Ocean Accounts Partnership6

SNA = System of National Accounts

SEEA = System of Environmental-Economic Accounting



Ocean accounts – Map view

National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)SEEA Ecosystem extent- Land Accounts: Terrestrial and Freshwater ecosystem types- Catchment areas- Coastal communities- Coastal infrastructure- Pollution sourcesOcean spatial units- Ocean ecosystem types- Marine protected areas- Fishery, tourism, mining areas- Water quality / temperatureNational statistics- Emissions, effluents, wastes- Assets: fish stock- Supply/use: catch, beneficiariesGovernance- Mandates Analyses- Main sources of land-based pollution (by whom)- Degraded and pristine “Hot spots”- Cost/benefit of rehabilitation and protection- Value of natural inputs (to whom)- Policy options → values at risk- Capture of “rent” (returns on investment)

ESCAP Ocean Accounts Partnership7

EU01 EU02

EU04

EU05

EU10 EU11

EU09

EU07EU06

EU08

http://www.unescap.org/our-work/statisticsEcosystems & the Ocean8

Ocean accounts – Table view

Ocean Assets:

Drivers Ocean Extent Ocean Services Supply (physical)

Specific units % to ocean hectares

Minerals

(T)

Energy

(MToE)

Fish

stocks (T) Service (specific units)

SEEA Air emissions Beginning of period Provisioning

SEEA Effluents1 + additions Regulating and maintenance

SEEA Solid wastes1 - reductions Cultural1. would benefit from spatial disaggregation End of period Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport

Ocean governance Ocean Conditions Ocean Services Use (physical)

Specific units Specific units

Minerals

(T)

Energy

(MToE)

Fish

stocks (T) Service (specific units)

Policies, plans and regulations Acidification (pH) Provisioning

Institutions Eutrophication (BOD) Regulating and maintenance

Management practices Plastics (T) Cultural

Technologies Carbon3 Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport

SEEA Protection Expenditures Biodiversity3 4. Disaggregated by coastal/urban/rural, high/low

- research Temperature (°C) income, male/female

- enforcement Accessibility/quality

SEEA Goods and Services 2. Including critical natural capital areas, settlements, coastal Ocean Services Supply (Monetary5)

- technologies infrastructure, protected areas, fishing zones, designated tourist areas, Service (monetary unit)

coral reefs, mangroves, coastal beaches… Provisioning3 As in the SEEA-EEA, Carbon and Biodiversity could be full accounts. Regulating and maintenance

Cultural

Note: This is a stylistic representation of the SEEA-EEA with additional Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport

components required for including sources of land-based pollution, 6. Would benefit from 5. Only some services can be valued in monetary terms.

abiotic services (such as minerals, energy and medium for transport), disaggregation by

expenditures and governance. This is not as comprehensive as described large/small enterprise and Ocean Services Use (Monetary4)

in the text. Much of the data on flows of land-based pollution, ecosystem linkage to employment by Service (monetary unit)

types, and condition would be derived from detailed maps and beneficiary type. Provisioning

aggregated as shown in the tables for reporting. Regulating and maintenance

Cultural

Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport

Beneficiary type

SEEA-CF Mineral and Energy

Assets; Aquatic resources

Ecosystem Type

Industry

Industry

Ecosystem Type2

Ecosystem Type2 Ecosystem Type

Beneficiary type4

SNA for some services6

pressures

Ocean assets =

ecosystems

+ individual assets

Ocean services =

ecosystem services

+ natural inputs

Ocean economy =

ocean assets,

ocean services

& ocean sectors


How we got here (1)

Feb. 2018: Concept note for Bangkok workshop

• Key issues for testing and resolution via pilots:

1. Spatial units & ecosystem type

2. Ecosystem services

3. Climate change and disaster

4. Social concerns

5. Economic concerns

6. Global data

7. Measuring SDG14

8. Governance

9. Modelling

10. Outstanding issues



How we got here (2)

• March. 2018: United Nations Statistical Commission accepted ESCAP and UNEP’s offer to contribute guidance on ocean ecosystems to the SEEA Ecosystems revision for 2021

• ESCAP engaged via Technical Committees and Editorial Board

• Revision of (among others):• Ecosystem classification

• Ecosystem services classification

• Approach to valuation (market and non-market)

• NOT working on pressures, economy or governance



How we got here (3)August 2018: Bangkok workshop

• Experts expanded & presented issue briefs

• Offers of national pilots

• Discussions on global partnerships


• Not many “answers” →many more “questions”

• https://www.unescap.org/events/asia-and-pacific-regional-expert-workshop-ocean-accounts

https://www.unescap.org/events/asia-and-pacific-regional-expert-workshop-ocean-accounts


How we got here (4)

August 2018: Bangkok workshop

Agreed Technical Guidance would:

• Explain “how” to statisticians

• Explain “why” to non-statisticians (scientists & policy)

• Link to existing standards (SNA, SEEA-CF, SEEA-EEA)

• Provide a foundation for testing and experimentation

• Contribute to SEEA Ecosystems revision where appropriate (classifications, concepts)



How we got here (5)

Since August 2018:

• Substantial inputs from experts

• Links to High-Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy (Blue Paper #8 on National Accounting for the ocean and ocean economy)

• Establishment of GOAP (ESCAP, UNSW)

• Pilots in Canada, China, Malaysia, New South Wales, Samoa, Thailand, Viet Nam (others?)

• Sept 16: V0.7 Technical Guidance on Ocean Accounting for Sustainable Development





How we got here (6)


http://communities.unescap.org/node/1144/view

Training materials (90 minutes each)1. Introduction

2. Tools and Methods

3. Linking SEEA-CF

4. Ecosystem Extent and condition

5. Ecosystem Services

Each with “fun”group exercises

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1

2 C C

3 C C C C C M - Mangroves

4 S M M S S S S - Seagrasses

5 S M M S C - Coral reefs

6 S S DB - Drainage Basin

7 S Land

8 S M Land border

9 S M M Coastal zone

10 S M M Ocean

11 S M M Watershed

12 C M M C C Assumed Flow Boundary

13 C C C C C C

14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1

2 C C DB - Drainage Basin

3 C C C C C Marine Protected Area

4 S M M S S S Fishery

5 S M M S Port

6 S S Tourist

7 S Land

8 S M Land border


10 S M M Ocean

11 S M M Watershed


13 C C C C C C

14

Figure 1 "Cover" map

Figure 2 "Use" map

DB1

DB2

DB1

DB2

DB1

DB2

DB1

DB2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1

2 C C DB - Drainage Basin

3 C C C C C Marine Protected Area

4 S M M S S S Fishery

5 S M M S Port

6 S S Tourist

7 S Land

8 S M Land border


10 S M M Ocean

11 S M M Watershed


13 C C C C C C

14

Figure 2 "Use" map

DB1

DB2

Also•Pacific Ocean Accounts Portal

(Gemma Van Halderen)•Global Ocean Accounts Data

Inventory (Lyutong Cai)• Feasibility Study: Mapping Global

Ocean Ecosystems (Feixue Li)

http://communities.unescap.org/node/1144/view


What’s in the manual?

• Introduction• Overview• Scientific foundation• Statistical foundation• Practical relevance

• Structure of Ocean Accounts• Spatial foundation• Scope boundaries• Environmental asset accounts• Defining the ocean economy• Flows to the economy• Flows to the environment• Ocean economy accounts• Ocean governance accounts• Benefits and costs (summary)• Ocean wealth

• Process guidance (Quick Start)• Prioritization and planning• Marine spatial data infrastructure• Assessing extent and condition• Assessing the ocean economy• Assessing supply and use of ocean

services• Assessing ocean governance• Compiling summary indicators

• Use and maintenance• Indicators for sustainable

development• Data sources and platforms• Policy and governance use cases• Research use cases• Enabling factors

• Research agenda

• Appendices



What we will do this week

Read the Technical Guidance & comment(before Day 3)

# comment forms received

• Resolve some outstanding issues (others)• More/less statistical? Detail?

• Ecosystem classification

• Approach to Ocean Economy

• Degree of linkage to SEEA (Ben asked)

• Consistency in terminology

• Take input from pilots and participants

• Building (Room A) | Using (Room B)


Building

Using


What’s next?

• Next version (1.0) needs to be complete by mid-December

• Then?• Submit to UNCEEA and UNSC (March 2020)

• Continue development under GOAP to 2020 workshop?• Volunteers to contribute?

• Incorporate into UNSD “Thematic Accounts” manual together with urban and protected areas



Thank you!


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