introduction to teaching, william allan kritsonis, phd
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8/14/2019 Introduction to Teaching, William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
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Introduction to TeachingIntroduction to TeachingIntroduction to TeachingIntroduction to Teaching
William Allan Kritsonis, PhDWilliam Allan Kritsonis, PhD
Please silence all phones and pagers.Please silence all phones and pagers.
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Field Experience
How did it go?
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Articles• Article – 10 points
• Format – 10 points
• Introduction – 20 points• Body – 30 points
• Conclusion – 20 points
• Grammar – 10 points
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Articles• “This report was very eye-opening.”
• “This surprised me because…”
• “I support this article and agree on…”• “Even though I feel the study was
unfair, I can still understand…”
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Philosophy: a study of theories ofknowledge, truth, existence, and good
Theory: a set of related principles that
are based on observation and are usedto explain additional observations
Philosophy of education: provides a
framework for thinking abouteducational issues, and it guides
professional practiceHow do I get one???
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Teachers acquire aphilosophical framework to
guide their practice by
becoming knowledgeable andreflective, which allows themto make professional decisions
that promote as much growthin their students as possible.
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Traditional Schools of
Philosophy• 4 cohesive philosophies on which
most educational decisions are based:– Idealism
– Realism
– Pragmatism– Existentialism
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Idealism
Plato, Greek Philosopher
• A traditional philosophy assertingthat, because the physical world isconstantly changing, ideas are theonly reliable form of reality
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Idealism and Teaching• Socratic method: questioning
• Believe that teaching and learning should
focus on ideas. Teachers provide guidanceby helping students become more preciseand logical thinkers
• Criticized for being cold because it
emphasizes the rational and logical overother dimensions of the human experience.
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RealismAristotle, Greek
Philosopher
• Holds that the features of the universeexist whether or not a human being isthere to perceive them
• There are important ideas and facts that
must be understood and they can only beunderstood by studying the material world
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Realism and Teaching• Curriculum emphasizes essentials likemath, science, reading, and writing
• Teachers emphasize observation,experimentation, and critical reasoning
• De-emphasize feelings and other personalfactors
• Criticized for failing to take the wholeperson into account in the learning process
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Pragmatism
John Dewey, AmericanPhilosopher• A traditional philosophy that rejects
the idea of absolute, unchangingtruth, instead asserting that truth iswhat works
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Pragmatism and Teaching• Experience and problem solving arekey ideas
• More hands-on, concrete experiencesthan lecture• Interdisciplinary problem solving
• Criticized for emphasizing studentinterests too strongly at the expenseof essential knowledge
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Existentialism
Sartre, French Philosopher• A traditional philosophy suggesting that
humanity isn’t part of an orderly universe;rather, individuals create their ownrealities in their own unique way
• View humanity as meaningless on a small,isolated planet in an uncertain universe
where nothing is determined
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Existentialism and Teaching
• Places primary emphasis on the individual.We teach a child, not math.
• Education is an individual’s search for
personal understanding, not something tobe tested on• Learner-centered and nondirective
approach
• Criticized for impossibility of totalfreedom in a society with rules
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Schools of Philosophy• Idealism: A traditional philosophy asserting that,because the physical world is constantly changing,
ideas are the only reliable form of reality• Realism: Holds that the features of the universe
exist whether or not a human being is there to
perceive them• Pragmatism: A traditional philosophy that rejectsthe idea of absolute, unchanging truth, insteadasserting that truth is what works
• Existentialism: A traditional philosophy suggesting
that humanity isn’t part of an orderly universe;rather, individuals create their own realities intheir own unique way
Which is closest to your beliefs as a student? Aparent? A teacher? Discuss in your groups.
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Philosophies of Education
• Perennialism
• Essentialism
• Progressivism
• Postmodernism
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Perennialism• An educational philosophy suggesting thatnature, including human nature, is constant
• Believe in rigorous intellectual curriculumfor all students
• The extent to which students find theirstudies relevant isn’t crucial
• Criticized for being elitist
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Essentialism• An educational philosophy suggesting thatthere is a critical core of information thatall people should possess.
• Back to the basic skills and academicsubjects. Students should be able tomaster these subjects
• Criticize interdisciplinary teaching
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Progressivism• An educational philosophy emphasizingcurricula that focus on real-world problemsolving and individual development
• Hands-on, learner-centered, teacher asfacilitator
• Also criticized for focusing too much on
the child’s personal interest
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Postmodernism• An educational philosophy that contendsthat many of the institutions in oursociety, including schools, are used bythose in power to control and marginalizethose who lack power
• Study events from the view of the
marginalized party’s perspective
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©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Which most accurately describes your views of education, from theperspective of a real teacher? Comment on your paper.
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Let’s watch the DVD
segment referred to onpage 203.
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Read pages 204-207 andcreate your own Philosophy ofEducation Statement. Be sure
to use philosophy names.It should be typed, double
spaced with standard fonts andmargins. Length is up to you,but less than one page is not
recommended.Exit: There is nothing more to turn in, but youneed to stay until you have a handle on how tobegin your paper.