introduction to taxonomy
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Introduction to Taxonomy. Taxonomy . Taxonomy: How we organize organisms into different groups depending on their structures or their origins. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes. Eukaryotes. Primative Organisms No membrane bound organelles No nuclear membrane - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION TO TAXONOMY
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Taxonomy Taxonomy: How we organize organisms
into different groups depending on their structures or their origins.
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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Primative Organisms
No membrane bound organelles
No nuclear membrane
Contains ribosomes
Much bigger than prokaryotic cells
Contain membrane bound organelles
Contains ribosomes
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
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Taxonomy Chart
Bacteria Archea Eukaryote
Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
Protists Fungi Animal Plant Mult. phyla Chordates
Vertebrate
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Cladogram
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Monophyletic
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Animals
Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop
from embryonic layers
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Animals No cell wall: instead animals have structural
proteins: collagen Unique intercellular junctions:
Tight junctions: small intestine Desmosomes: skin Gap junctions: cardiac muscle
Reproduction Cleavage: mitotic divisions without cell growth Blastula: hollow ball Gastrula: embryonic tissue
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Animals: metamorphosis Most animals: life dominated by the
diploid stage Larva stage: sexually immature form of
an animal that is morphologically distinct from adult: must…
Metamorphosis: new development that transforms animal to adult form
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A Deeper Look into Invertebrates! 97% of animals are invertebrates Invertebrates are animals that lack a
backbone. Inhabit land and water Range anywhere from head lice to a MASSIVE octopus
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Types of Invertebrates
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Three Basic Evolutionary Trends in Invertebrates Embryonic Cell Layers:
-ectoderm: outer layer becomes skin, nervous system, inner ear, lens of eye-endoderm: inner layer becomes organs, linings-mesoderm: middle layer becomes notochord, skeleton
Body Cavity: Coelom: Place for organs to grow and function
Body Compartments: Segments: Increases body size and is specialized for specific functions
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Systems in Invertebrates FOR EXAMPLE, The open circulatory
system is more primitive than the closed circulatory system because blood is completely contained within blood vessels.
A grasshopper has an open circulatory system while a worm has a closed system.
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Symmetries in Invertebrates NO Symmetry: varying in shapes and
sizes Radial Symmetry: body parts repeat
around an imaginary line drawn around the body
Bilateral Symmetry: left and right sides are mirror images if an imaginary line through the body longway
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Invertebrate phyla
Pofifera: sponge
radial No tissue No coelom
Cnidarian: jellyfish
radial 2
planaria: flatworm
bilateral 3 tissue simplest CNSSmall brain
Nematode: round worm
Psuedo col: gastro-vasc cavity, alimentary canal
Annalids: earthworm
segmented Start: coelomates:Protostome: mouthDeuterostome: anus
Only invert with closed circ. syst
Mollusks: snail squidEchinoderm: star
Radial: bilat embyo
Arthropod: insects & crustaceans
Breath thru skin, gills or tracheal syst.
Open circ: hemolymph: bl and intestinal fluid
chordate
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chordates Notochord: becomes vertebral column Gill slits Post anal tail
Subphyla: Vertebrates (6 classes) Skeleton of cartilage or bone Neural crest: in embryo: these cells
become: bones of skull, teeth, adrenal glands, periph. Nervous system
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Vertebrates
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VertebratesBony fish: jawless fishLamprey, hagfish
Cartilagenous fish: sharks, rays
Oldest vertebrates2 chamber heart: no sep of ox and deox bloodHeart to gills then to system
Kidneys: osmotic balance: need lots ammonia in body
No lung, swimbladder
Amphibians: tadpole/frogsPart of life on land, part live in water
3 chamber heartSkin breath
Slimy eggs external fertilize in fresh water
Reptiles: lizardssnakes
1st move to landDry tough skinBreath air
Amniotes: egg protected by membranesInternal fertilizationOviparous: egg laying
Birds 4 chamber heartSep pulmonary and systemic (no mix ox deox)
Endotherm: warm bloodedFeathers, wings, lg breast bone
Mammals: make milk
Placental: eutheriansOr marsupial
Viviparous: live birthHair or fat
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Mammals Internal fertilization Placental or marsupial Viviparous: (placental) give birth to live
young Make milk Have hair or fur
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Embryo development Oviparous: egg develops external to
body fertilization can be internal or external Aquatic invertebrates Insects Birds
Viviparous: live birth Marsupials Mammals
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A Deeper look into Vertebrates 3% of the animals are vertebrates Vertebrates are animals that have a
backbone. Inhabit land and water
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Types of Vertebrates Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Birds Fish
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MAMMALS: Warm blooded, hair or fur, birth live young, make milk.
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THE END (: