introduction to soil health · slide 3 4:20 pm how does nrcs define soil health? the continued...
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Introductionto Soil HealthModule 1
Kristin BrennanMN NRCSState Soil Health Specialist
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Slide 24:20 PM
Polling Question
NRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
What does SOIL HEALTH mean to you?
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Slide 34:20 PM
How does NRCS Define Soil Health?The continued capacity of the soil to function as a vital living ecosystem that sustains plants, animal and humans.
Randy Mayers
NRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 44:20 PM
What is Soil Quality?
NRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 54:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
- Gregorich and Carter, 1997
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Slide 64:20 PM
Polling Question
NRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
What are desirable functions of agricultural soils?
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Slide 74:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
Anchor plant roots Produce food, feed, fiber, biofuels, and
medicine Capture, filter, store water and make it
available to plant roots Provide air to plant roots Cycle and furnish nutrients for plant
growth
Protect plants from pathogens and stress Detoxify pollutants Store and cycle Carbon Moderate release of gases Release water with low levels of nutrients Resist erosive forces Be resilient to drought, flood, and
temperature extremes
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Slide 84:20 PM
Soil with low resistance and high
resilience
Soil Health and Function
100
Time
Soil
func
tion
(% o
f cap
acity
)
Disturbance
Adapted from Brady & Weil, 2008
Soil with low resistance and low
resilience
Soil with high resistance
NRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 94:20 PM
Management impacts function
NRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 104:20 PM
↓Crop Yields↑Hunger↑Malnutrition
Ponding ↑H2O Storage ↓
↓ Nutrient Availability↑ Disease
More SOM ↓Nutrients ↔
Topsoil ↔
↓ Infiltration↑ Erosion
AggregatesBreak ↓
↑ Crusting↑ Surface Compaction
Downward Spiral of Soil Degradation
NRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
↑ Tillage↓ Residue↓ Diversity
SOM ↓ Erosion ↑
Compaction ↑
Adapted from Building Soils for Better Crops, 3rd ed.
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Slide 114:20 PM
Characteristics of Loss of Soil Function
Photo credits: Case International; all others USDA
NRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 124:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 134:20 PM
Texas SNIRT in our MN Snow!
NRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 144:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
Hargrove and Luxmore (1988)
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Slide 154:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 164:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 194:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 204:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 214:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
Credit: Jimmy Emmons, Oklahoma
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Slide 224:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
Three weeks later. . .
Credit: Jimmy Emmons, Oklahoma
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Slide 234:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 244:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
Credit: Derek Axten, Axten Farms, Saskatchewan
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Slide 264:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 274:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 284:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
Build Your Soil Health Knowledge!
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• NRCS – Unlock the Secrets of the Soil• https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/soils/health/
• ‘TheUSDANRCS’ channel on YouTube• Science of Soil Health, Hope in Healthy Soil, Unlock the Secrets in the Soil• https://www.youtube.com/user/TheUSDANRCS
• University of Minnesota – Soil Health Website• http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/soils/
• Upper Midwest Tillage Guide• https://extension.umn.edu/soil-and-water/soil-management-and-health#upper-
midwest-tillage-guide-1233360
• Midwest Cover Crop Council• https://extension.umn.edu/soil-and-water/soil-management-and-health#upper-
midwest-tillage-guide-1233360
• SARE (Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education)• https://www.sare.org/
Soil Health Resources
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Slide 304:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 314:20 PMNRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
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Slide 324:20 PM
Polling Question
NRCS | SHD | Introduction to Soil Health | v2.0
The key to understanding soil health is:a. Understanding the importance of cover crop mixesb. Understanding how soil functionsc. Understanding reduced tillage systemsd. Knowing what microorganisms inhabit the soile. Relating soil health to runoff and infiltration