introduction to regional geography i (pages 1-16) e.j. palka
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Introduction to Regional Geography IRegional Geography I
(pages 1-16)
E.J. PALKA
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OUTLINE
•Geography: The discipline
• Geographic Realms
• Transition Zones
• Regions• Formal
• Functional
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• The study of place and space
• Studies the location and distribution of features on the Earth’s surface
• Studies human activity, the natural environment, and the relationship between the two
• Answers where and why
Why is Timbuktu where it is, and why did the settlement evolve on this site?
GEOGRAPHY
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Taxonomy: kingdom, phylum,Class, order, family, genus, species
Biologists
Geologists 3 Major groups, subsidiarygroups, geological time
Historians Eras, ages, periods
GeographersGeographic Realms and/or Regions based on sets of spatial criteria
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
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• The largest geographic units into which the inhabited world can be divided
• Based on both physical (natural) and human (cultural) yardsticks
I
GEOGRAPHIC REALMS
Realms are based on Spatial Criteria
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• The result of the interaction between human societies and natural environments
• A functional interaction
• Revealed by farms, mines, fishing ports, transport routes, dams, bridges, villages, and other features on the landscape
II
GEOGRAPHIC REALMS
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• Represent the most comprehensive and encompassing definition of the great clusters of humankind in the world today
III
GEOGRAPHIC REALMS
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WORLD GEOGRAPHIC REALMS
•Geographic realms change over time.
•Where geographic realms meet, transition zones, not sharp boundaries, mark their contacts.
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• An area of spatial change where peripheries of two adjacent realms or regions join
• Marked by a gradual shift (rather than a sharp break) in the characteristics that distinguish neighboring realms
TRANSITION ZONES
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GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION
The Worl
d
Realms
Regions
CONCEPT OF
SCALE
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• Areas of the earth’s surface marked by certain properties
• Scientific devices that enable us to make spatial generalizations
• Based on criteria we establish
• Criteria can be:
Human (cultural) properties
Physical (natural) characteristics
or Both
REGIONS
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• All regions have: Area Boundaries Location
REGIONS
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• Marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena
• Also called a uniform region or homogeneous region
FORMAL REGION
ExamplesExamples::
Corn Belt
Megalopolis
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• A region marked less by its sameness than its dynamic internal structure
FUNCTIONAL REGION
Example:Example: Los Angeles Metropolitan Los Angeles Metropolitan AreaArea
•A spatial system focused on a central core
•A region formed by a set of places and their functional integration
•Also called a “nodal” region
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• Literally means “country behind”
• A term that applies to a surrounding area served by an urban center
• Urban center is the focus of goods and services produced in the hinterland, and is the latter’s dominant focal point as well
CorePeripheryPeriphery
HINTERLAND
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THE PHYSICAL SETTING
•Physical Geography♦Alfred Wegner’s
•Continental drift•Tectonic plates•Subduction•Pacific Ring of fire
♦Weathering♦Erosion
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CLIMATE
•Hydrologic cycle•Precipitation patterns•Climate regions
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Introduction to Introduction to Regional Geography IRegional Geography I
(pages 1-16)
E.J. PALKA