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Slide 2 Introduction to Psychology Slide 3 Physiological Physiological physical needs such as sleep and hungerphysical needs such as sleep and hunger Cognitive Cognitive behavior that is unobservable, private, and mentalbehavior that is unobservable, private, and mental Cognition, recognize Cognition, recognize Psychology is the study of the physiological and cognitive aspects of the brain Psychology is the study of the physiological and cognitive aspects of the brain Slide 4 Psychology can provide useful insight into your behavior and that of others Psychology can provide useful insight into your behavior and that of others You will learn about how children develop and how they learn behaviors You will learn about how children develop and how they learn behaviors Do you shape behaviors of others around you? Do you shape behaviors of others around you? How and why to people act, think, and feel? How and why to people act, think, and feel? Slide 5 Systematic Study Why is it important to study Psychology systematically? Slide 6 4 Goals of Psychology Describe, explain, predict, influence behavior Description Description Gather information about a subjectGather information about a subject Accurately describe behaviorAccurately describe behavior Explanation Explanation Explain why the behavior is happening with a hypothesis educated guess about some phenomenonExplain why the behavior is happening with a hypothesis educated guess about some phenomenon Formulate, modify, or confirm a theory a complex set of assumptions based on findings of researchFormulate, modify, or confirm a theory a complex set of assumptions based on findings of research Slide 7 Schema Theory A schema (pl. schemata), in psychology and cognitive science, is a mental structure that represents some aspect of the world. A schema (pl. schemata), in psychology and cognitive science, is a mental structure that represents some aspect of the world. This learning theory views organized knowledge as an elaborate network of abstract mental structures which represent one's understanding of the world. This learning theory views organized knowledge as an elaborate network of abstract mental structures which represent one's understanding of the world. Slide 8 People use schemata to organize current knowledge and provide a framework for future understanding. Examples of schemata include stereotypes, social roles, scripts, worldviews, and archetypes. People use schemata to organize current knowledge and provide a framework for future understanding. Examples of schemata include stereotypes, social roles, scripts, worldviews, and archetypes. Slide 9 What if a behavior you encounter doesnt fit your schema? What if a behavior you encounter doesnt fit your schema? You can modify your schemaYou can modify your schema create an entirely new onecreate an entirely new one reject the new informationreject the new information You have a Self Schema an understanding of yourself. When that gets messed up, its called Cognitive Dissonance You have a Self Schema an understanding of yourself. When that gets messed up, its called Cognitive Dissonance Slide 10 Prediction Prediction Predict future behaviors by looking at past behaviorsPredict future behaviors by looking at past behaviors Accumulated hypotheses and theories results in probable behaviors for certain situationsAccumulated hypotheses and theories results in probable behaviors for certain situations Anyway, back to the 4 Goals Slide 11 Influence Behaviors Influence Behaviors Psychology can be used to influence behavior in positive and negative waysPsychology can be used to influence behavior in positive and negative ways Classic dude on a couch with issues Classic dude on a couch with issues Help you overcome depression Help you overcome depression Toy design to help infants develop Toy design to help infants develop How to teach students in the best ways How to teach students in the best ways How to make people afraid How to make people afraid How to make you vote How to make you vote How to make you obey How to make you obey Slide 12 Scientific Basis Scientists rely on the scientific method Scientists rely on the scientific method Facts are based on dataFacts are based on data Data are obtained from experiments and case studiesData are obtained from experiments and case studies Surveys can be usedSurveys can be used Data is collected and analyzed to confirm, reject, or modify a hypothesisData is collected and analyzed to confirm, reject, or modify a hypothesis Slide 13 Slide 14 Wilhelm Wundt Credited as being the first modern psychologist Credited as being the first modern psychologist Made the first observational program for a university at Leipzig, Germany in 1879 Made the first observational program for a university at Leipzig, Germany in 1879 Tried to collect data on sensations and feelings Tried to collect data on sensations and feelings His data is looked at as less important than his method of introspection foreruner of the scientific method applied to psychology His data is looked at as less important than his method of introspection foreruner of the scientific method applied to psychology Much of his research was lost when the Allies bombed Leipzig in WWII. Much of his research was lost when the Allies bombed Leipzig in WWII. Slide 15 Many questions about behavior and the brain remain unanswered Many questions about behavior and the brain remain unanswered New theories generate new questions and new studies all the time New theories generate new questions and new studies all the time We can gain more insight into our own behavior and that of others if we try We can gain more insight into our own behavior and that of others if we try So maybe you will go on in psychology to see what you can learn. So maybe you will go on in psychology to see what you can learn.