introduction to project management erik...
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to
Project Management
Senior Design 485/487
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What is Project Management?
• Method for organizing tasks
• Structured framework to help a group work productively
• Tools to aid in task sequencing, dependency analysis, resource allocation, scheduling, etc.
• Tools to track progress
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Why Need Project Management?
• Complex project needs coordination of:
• People
• Resources (labs, equipment, etc.)
• Tasks – some must precede others
• Divide and conquer
• When to spend money
• Matching of people/resources to tasks
• Management wants to know how it is going.
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Task Dependencies and the Critical Path
• Sometimes task B cannot be started before task A is completed
• Other types of constraints – holidays, person availability, etc.
• Critical path – any slippage slips whole project
• Helpful to know what tasks are on the critical path
• Useful to try to shorten the critical path
• ADD time Buffers to your projects around critical tasks
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Critical Path is Important
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Visual Tools for Project Management
GANTT charts:
• Tasks (calendar time) vs. linear time, grouped hierarchically, plus milestone events
• Classically, not person-hours or people, nor dependencies, nor critical path, nor progress
• Free Gantt Chart software is around
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GANTT Charts
Preferred by many managers
Easy to see time and delays
Used to track progress
Can use Excel spread sheet for some project management if MS Project not used
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Organize in Groups of sub-tasks
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Track completed tasks/initiate change
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More Details on Making Charts for Project Management
Gantt Charts
– Create tasks (time & resources required)
– Add Milestone accomplishments
– Link
– Organize / Group sub-tasks
– Assign people
– Track completion & update
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PERT/CPM Charts
• PERT = Program Evaluation and Review Technique
• Graph with nodes (events), edges (tasks) dramatizes dependency relationships
• Good for initial planning
• Can see critical path in a chart, called a CPM chart
• (Not linear in time… harder to track progress)
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PERT Charts: Good Place to Start (Begin with Sticky Notes)
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PERT Charts
Great for initial planning and linking tasks
Easy to see what tasks can be done in parallel
Find critical path
Start with Goal and work backwards
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PERT: Tips on Planning
• Start at the proposal stage (continue throughout the project)
• Begin with END of the project (deliverable)• Ask what must be completed BEFORE each step
(work backwards)
• There may be SEVERAL parallel paths,
• Do not assume all will go well when estimating time. • Usually multiply best estimate by 2.
• Add buffers around task.
• UPDATE OFTEN
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State of the Art Methods
• Best features of Gantt, PERT/CPM, and extensions to allow assignment of resources and tracking of progress typically COMBINED
• Example : Microsoft Project
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Suggested Steps in Project Management
• Generate a formal definition of the project, with goals, constraints, assumptions
• Identify project start/end dates, any mandatory milestones, including reports, signoffs, deliverables, etc.
• List constraints – money, equipment availability, holidays, etc.
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Suggested Steps, cont.
• Refine detailed task list, dropping/ combining, adding things omitted
Then, for each task in list:
• Estimate time (person hours, calendar period)
• Identify dependencies among tasks
• Identify resources (people, money, parts, etc.)
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Suggested Steps, cont.
As project progresses:
• Monitor, record progress on all tasks, at least weekly – use “Tracking”
• Pay particular attention to those on critical path
• Revise plan as needed to take into account changes, adapt to meet milestones
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Management of YOURProject
With your team members
• Create a plan for the entire project
• Set milestones for tracking progress
• Provide more detail plan for near-term tasks
• Report progress and revise/add detail to plan continually
• Assign specific tasks to team members
• Revise plan and activities as required to achieve objectives
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Project plans/schedules
Use Project, Excel, or simple text doc
Required for proposal
Required for management reviews
Required for presentations
– Group status reports
– PDR
– (Past history + Future plans)
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Questions?
Thanks for your attention.
Reminder:Proposals (paper & pdf) due at the beginning of the next class on Tuesday to your Group instructor
Next class meeting: Tuesday, Sept. 3.
3:05 pm, SEB Auditorium
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Proposals
Make certain your client & tech advisors have a copy of the proposal
– Check if they want a pdf or hard copy
Client must read and approve your proposal
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Proposal
12 Page limit for body
Cover page
Table of Contents
Executive summary
Problem Statement
Deliverables to Customer
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Proposal (continued)
Specifications of Deliverables
– (Feasibility requirements, Merit features…to be developed more later)
Engineering or Industry Applicable Standards to be applied, if known
Introduction/Background (earlier work on problem) What was done prior?
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Proposal (continued)
Team Introduction, Rolls, Qualifications, Responsibilities
Proposed Potential Concepts, Approach or Methods (Engineering process focus)
General approach/idea(s) to get point across, not completed designs. Sketch of one or two solution concepts to entice client.
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Proposal (continued)
Project plan/schedule, add Gantt
Resource requirements (money, items to interface,..)
Budget and submit completed form
Summary
References/Citations
Resume or bios of team
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Team Housekeeping
Meet as a group NOW
Set up meeting times
Determine communication methods
– Text?, email?, call?, web page?
– Make sure everyone has needed contact info
Establish project leader/ point person
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Groups:
Dr. JenkinsDr. SchultzDr. ShawDr. Wright