introduction to prescription...prescription •a written direction to the pharmacist for the...
TRANSCRIPT
COLLEGE OF
PHARMACY
Dr. Mohammad Javed Ansari, PhD.
Contact info: [email protected]
PHARMACEUTICS-I
(PHT 224)
Introduction to
prescription
OBJECTIVES OF THE LECTURE
• At the end of this lecture, you will be able to explain:
• What is prescription?
• Who can write a prescription?
• What are different parts of prescription?
• What is superscription?
• What is inscription?
• What is subscription?
• What is transcription?
• What are different abbreviations used in prescription?
PRESCRIPTION • A written direction to the pharmacist for the
preparation, dispensing of medication aimed to treat
a particular disease(s) of a particular patient(s).
• It includes; diagnosis, drugs to be used, dosage
forms, dosing regimen, instructions of medicine uses,
contraindications etc.
• Authority to write prescriptions varies internationally.
• Some of the prescribers include-
• Physicians, Physician’s Assistants, Dentists,
Optometrists, Osteopaths, Veterinarians, Podiatrists
(foot specialist), specialized Pharmacists, Nurse
practitioners
Superscription: Prescriber’s information
Patient’s information
REFILL TIMES
OR UNTIL
NO CHILD PROOF CONTAINER
Inscription
DRUG’S INFORMATION:
DRUG, STRENGTH, QUANTITY, FREQUENCY,
Subscription DURATION, INSTRUCTIONS ETC
Transcription: SIG
WARNING: PRESCIBER’S SIGNATURE
Presciber’s other identification data
DIAGNOSIS
PARTS OF PRESCRIPTION
SUPERSCRIPTION: PRESCRIBER’S INFORMATION
• Superscription is head of the prescription.
• It includes prescriber’s & patient’s information-
• Prescriber’s name & Professional degree- Validate
prescription authority.
• Address & Contact numbers-clarify questions??.
• Date of prescription- validate refills if any and monitor
patient follow – up.
• Patient’s information such as-Name, Medical record
number, sex & age. (in some cases weight & body
surface area may be required).
INSCRIPTION: DRUG INFORMATION
• Inscription is the main part (body) of the
prescription.
• It is started with Rx symbol which is an
abbreviation for “recipe” means: take thou (you
take).
• It includes drug information such as-
• Name / brand of drug (generic name-
nonproprietary name may be written).
• Dosing regimen: Dose size or concentration
(liquids) of the drug.
• Amount to be dispensed
• Inscriptions generally include abbreviations (Latin /
common) for the dosage forms to be dispensed.
INSCRIPTION: DRUG INFORMATION
amp. ampulla ampule (ampul, ampoule)
cap., caps. capsula capsule
cr., crm creamus cream
decoct. decoctum decoction
elix. elixir elixir
emuls. emulsum emulsion
garg. gargarisma gargle
I unus tabuletta one tablet
Ii duo tabuletta two tablets
Iii tres tabuletta three tablets
INSCRIPTION: DRUG INFORMATION
lin linimentum liniment
liq. liquor solution
lot. lotio lotion
nebul, neb. nebula a spray nebulizer
pig./pigm. pigmentum paint
pulv. pulvis powder
sol. solutio solution
supp. suppositorium suppository
susp. suspensio suspension
syr. syrupus syrup
tab. tabella tablet
tr, tinc., tinct. tinctura tincture
troch. trochiscus lozenge
ung. unguentum ointment
SUBSCRIPTION: DISPENSING INFORMATION
• Subscription is dispensing directions (what & how
much) to the pharmacist such as-
• Amount to be dispensed
• dispense 30 tablets
• make a solution
• mix & place into 30 capsules.
• Directions to the patient
TRANSCRIPTION: DIRECTION OF USAGE
• Transcription is usage directions to the patient (how
& when to take medicine).
• May include abbreviations (Latin / common),
unfamiliar to the patients.
• Instruction for the patient as to how & when to take
medicine must be explained by the pharmacist to the
patient.
• Most of the time these directions are transcribed on
the label or package of the medication in the native
language of the patient.
TRANSCRIPTION: DIRECTION OF USAGE ABBR. LATIN TERM MEANING
a.c. ante cibum before meals
a.c.h.s.,
ac&hs ante cibum et hora somni before meals and at bedtime
alt. d., alt.
dieb. alternis diebus every other day; on alternate days
alt. h., alt.
hor. alternis horis every other hour; at alternate hours
a.m. ante meridiem morning, before noon
b.d.s. bis die sumendum twice daily
bis bis twice
b.i.d., b.d. bis in die twice daily
bis ind. bis indies twice a day
bis in 7 d. bis in septem diebus twice a week
c.m. cras mane tomorrow morning
c.m.s. cras mane sumendus to be taken tomorrow morning
c.n. cras nocte tomorrow night
c.v. cras vespere tomorrow evening
dieb. alt. diebus alternis every other day; on alternate days
TRANSCRIPTION: DIRECTION OF USAGE h, hr, hor. hora hour
hor. alt. hora alternis every other hour (every second hour; at
alternate hours)
hor. tert. horis tertiis every third hour
h.s. hora somni at bedtime [or] half-strength
mane Mane in the morning
noct. Nocte at night
o.d. omni die every day (once daily)
o.m. omni mane every morning
omn. bih. omni bihora every 2 hours
omn. hor. omni hora every hour
o.n. omni nocte every night
p.c. post cibum after meals
p.c.h.s.,
pc&hs
post cibum et hora
somni after meals and at bedtime
p.m. post meridiem evening or afternoon
p.r.n., pro re nata as needed
TRANSCRIPTION: DIRECTION OF USAGE q quaque every, per
q.1 h, q.1° quaque 1 hora every 1 hour
q.a.d. quaque alternis die every other day
q.a.m. quaque die ante meridiem every morning (every day before noon)
q.d./q.1.d. quaque die every day
q.d.a.m. quaque die ante meridiem once daily in the morning
q.d.p.m. quaque die post meridiem once daily in the evening
q.d.s. quater die sumendus 4 times a day
q.p.m. quaque die post meridiem every evening (every day after noon)
q.h.s. quaque hora somni every night at bedtime
q.i.d. quater in die 4 times a day
q.n. quaque nocte every night
q.o.d. quaque altera die every other day
q.q.h. quater quaque hora every 4 hours
s.o.s., si op. sit si opus sit if there is a need
stat statim immediately
t.i.d., t.d. ter in die 3 times a day
TRANSCRIPTION: DIRECTION OF USAGE
NPO, n.p.o. nil per os nothing by mouth
o.d. oculus dexter right eye
o.s. oculus sinister left eye
o.u. oculus uterque both eyes
q.l. quantum libet as much as is requisite
q.h. quaque hora every hour
q.q. quaque every; each
q.s. quantum sufficiat as much as suffices; a sufficient quantity
s.s., SS semisse one-half [or] sliding scale
sum. Sumat/ sumendum let him take [or] let it be taken
tal., t. Talus such
u.d., ut. dict. ut dictum as directed
TRANSCRIPTION: DIRECTION OF USAGE
bucc. bucca buccal (inside cheek)
SL, s.l. sub lingua sublingually, under the tongue
IJ, inj. injectio injection
inf. infusum infusion (extraction) / intravenous infusion
p.o. per os by mouth or orally
p.r., PR per rectum rectally
p.v., PV per vaginam vaginally
vag. vagine Vaginally
IP Intraperitoneal
IV intravenous
IVP intravenous push
IVPG intravenous piggyback
IM Intramuscular
ID Intradermal
H Hypodermic
top Topical
SOME COMMON ABBREVIATIONS IN PRESCRIPTION
amt Amount
ATC around the clock
BM bowel movement
BS blood sugar
BSA body surface area
CST continue same treatment
DAW dispense as written (i.e., no generic substitution)
DC, dc, D/C, disc discontinue [or] discharge
dil. dilute
disp. dispersible [or] dispense
IBW ideal body weight (for dosing based on clearance estimation)
IU international unit
NMT not more than
NS normal saline (0.9%)
NTE not to exceed
o 2, o2 both eyes
THANK YOU
FOR
YOUR ATTENTION..