introduction to powershell
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to PowerShellTRANSCRIPT
What is PowerShell ? Problems with existing scripting language (VB script) How PowerShell solves the security issues Basic commands in Powershell GUI (IDE) for Powershell How to get help in PowerShell Alias Snap-ins Cmd-lets in PowerShell Variables Understanding the pipe line Operators in PowerShell
◦ Logical Operators Sorting, Measuring, Select, Filter and compare Export, Import, Convert Functions Regular expressions Arrays and Hash Table XML handling
NEW scripting platform for Microsoft products One scripting language – Multiple products
◦ Windows Desktop OS, Server OS◦ SharePoint◦ SQL Server◦ SCOM/SCDPM/SVCMM◦ Exchange Server◦ VMWARE/Citrix
Runs on top of .net framework, 2.0+ Automate almost every thing you can do with GUI (some
times, things which are not possible with GUI) Not just command prompt or Script language, But
Command-Shell. It’s the Microsoft Way… Shell prompt, just like DOS shell, But more powerful
Restricted - No scripting allowed unrestricted - You can any scripting
• no signing required Remote signed – good for test, dev environments
◦ only files from internet need to be signed◦ default setting
All signed - local, remote script, it should be signed.◦ user must agree to run script
No common scripting for all the products◦ .Net code◦ COM Model◦ Exe◦ VBScript
Scripts are really security concern, because they do have lot of power◦ Echo “Welcome”◦ Del *.* ???
Top Concerns:◦ Integrity◦ Identity◦ Double click Run◦ Command Hijacking
PowerShell addresses this issue by introducing Executing Policy
“built-in” commands for PowerShell◦ “verb-noun” names
eg. get-childitem (= ls) but: new-alias, new-object
◦ extensible set: can write own cmdlets Heart and Soul of PowerShell Engine that make powershell work. They
are the small units of functionality that perform the operations.
Shell prompt Help system
◦ Getting help:
Get-help Get-help –verb get Get-help –noun file
Get-help stop-process –examples Get-help stop-process –full
Get-help “sp*
◦ Out-file Ps>file1.txt ps>>file2.txt Ps |out-file process.txt
◦ Get-content
Powershell snap-in provides a mechanism for registering sets of cmdlets◦ Example: similar to MMC
Set of cmd-lets for a specific product◦ Eg. SharePoint
Get-pssnapin ◦ Lists the core functionality
Get-Pssnapin – registered◦ Shows the installed cmd-Lets
To Add a new PS Snapin:◦ Add-Snapin <snap-in-Name>
Ask Help: help *process* Get-process > Alias ps
◦ Eg. Get-process –name calc How to get the –name parameter?
◦ Get-process | get-member◦ Stop-process -> Alias Kill◦ Stop-process –name calc ◦ Stop-process –name calc –whatif
Services◦ Get-service <service name>◦ Restart-service <service name>◦ Stop-service <service name>
Get-service –include “Sharepoint*” Get-service –exclude “Sharepoint*”
Event log:◦ Get-eventlog
Eg. get-eventlog system –newest 10 Get-eventlog | -newest 10 format-list
IDE PowerGUI - Open source yet powerfull, FREE Powershell + Primal script ISE – PowerShell 2.0
Powershell assigns best suited data type for variables when assigned◦ New-variable -name var –value 10
Or◦ $var=10◦ Remove-variable –name varIt supports Int, Datetime, Bool, string, Char, byte, decimal,
array, xml Variables are actually .net objects
◦ $test=“honeywell”◦ Can say $test.toUpper()◦ User get-member to retrieve all the member of the object
Can force the data type by ◦ [string]$var=5
$var.gettype().fullname
Commands manipulates and passes objects from One to another
Eg: Get the list of process -> filter > stop ->format
Get-process | where-object {$_.status –eq “Stopped”} |format-list
Get-process | out-file C:\process.txt Get-process | out-Printer <Name of the printer> Write-output vs write-host
◦ First one sends output to the pipeline, Second doesn’t Write-output “Hello” |where-object {$_.length – gt 2}
◦ We have some additional options like –foregroundcolor
A D C D
All Basic math operations: +, -, *, /, %◦ 5+5; 10-1; 8*2; 10%3; 5+(5*5)
Comparison◦ EQ
10 –eq 5◦ LT, -GT, -GE, -LE◦ String comparison: not case sensitive
“Hello” – eq “HELLO” > true Forcing case sensitive:
“Hello” – ceq “HELLO” > true
Logical operators AND OR NOT
Standard for Pattern matching◦ Use –Match◦ Eg. “Honeywell” –match “Honey”◦ . (dot) – one char◦ * - Zero or more match “A” match “t*”◦ + - one or more match “TTT” match “^T+”◦ ? – Zero or one match◦ [AB] – either A or B◦ ^ - start ◦ $ - end eg. “Sala” –match “^s..A$”◦ \w – any word character -W –Non word◦ \s – space -S◦ \d -D◦ (n,m) eg. “TTTT” –match “^T{4, 6}”
◦ $H=“Honeywell”◦ $h.length◦ Say “hello” >> “Say “”hello”””
Array: ◦ $arr=1,2,3 or $arr=@(1,2,3)◦ $arr2=@((1,1),(2,2),(3,3))
Get : $arr2[1][1]
◦ Hash table: $Hash=@{No=1;”CName“=“Honeywell”} $hash.no $hash[“Cname”]
◦ $MyXML=[XML] @”◦ <addressBook>
<Person type=“personal”> <name>ABC</name> <Phone>123</phone>
</person> </addressbook> “@
$myXML.AddressBook $myXML.Person $myXML.Person[0]
Download powershell through Microsoft.com Videos
◦ http://channel9.msdn.com/Media/?TagID=163 Blogs
◦ http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell◦ http://thepowershellguy.com◦ http://keithhill.spaces.live.com◦ http://www.leeholmes.com/blog
PowerShell Installation Instructions: http://shrinkster.com/rpy PowerTab by MoW - http://shrinkster.com/rpx “MSH Logo” by Lee Holmes - http://shrinkster.com/rpw PowerShell Community Extensions
◦ http://www.codeplex.com/PowerShellCX MSDN - http://shrinkster.com/rpu
◦ How to create a cmdlet: http://shrinkster.com/rpv Blogs
◦ PowerShell Team Blog - http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/◦ Lee Holmes - http://www.leeholmes.com/blog/◦ David Aiken - http://blogs.msdn.com/daiken/◦ The PowerShell Guy (MoW) - http://thepowershellguy.com/
Popular Newsgroup◦ microsoft.public.windows.powershell
