1. INTRODUCTION TO POTENTIAL +/- DIFFERENCE INC. A perfect storm of innovations company

2. Don't fight forces, use them ~ R. Buckminster Fuller Potential +/- Difference Inc. Clean-Tech Solutions at a Glace... Global Clean-Tech Problem No. 1 Electric generator Back EMF Induced Counter-Electomotive-Torque causing system deceleration on-load and EV deceleration during regenerative braking. PDi Solution: Delay generator load current by 45 degrees and reverse said torque and create Back EMF induced Complementary-Electromotive-Torque allowing system acceleration on-load and EV acceleration during EV Regenerative Acceleration Global Clean-Tech Problem No. 2 Transformer Back EMF Induced Magnetic Fields and Load Power Factor causing transformer efficiency overheating and efficiency losses. PDi Solution: Divert and delay said magnetic fields and use them to do useful work. Global Clean-Tech Problem No. 3 Water chemical contamination and removal difficulties. PDi Solution: Evaporate contaminated water and remove chemicals from the steam. 3. The Innovation Storm Before the Calm... Background of Potential Difference Inc: Potential Difference Inc. (PDi) is a Canadian Clean-Tech Research & Development company located in Mississippi Mills Ontario. PDi was incorporated in 2005 by Kevin Thistle, JC Cunningham, Kim Cunningham and Thane Heins. PDi's Area of Expertise is: 1. Electric Power Generation (hydroelectric and wind), 2. Electric Power Consumption Reduction, 3. Electric Vehicle Motor Development (EV range extension), and 4. Water Purification with an emphasis on chemical contamination extraction and recycling (via fractional distillation). Potential Difference Inc. Innovations: PDi is currently commercializing three of its innovations globally; 1) Regenerative Acceleration Generator Innovation (ReGen-X). 2) Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT). 3) Hydro Chemical Stripper - Fractional Distillation Water Purifier (H2OP) PDi Innovations: PDi Regenerative Acceleration Generator Innovation (ReGen-X): (US Patent Pending Application Number US14059775) Overview: The ReGen-X Generator is a new Salient Pole electric generator coil design that employs a 45 90 degree load current delay (http://slidesha.re/1gAMqIa). The Salient Pole generator coil and load current delay allows the ReGen-X Generator to reverse the EV generator's induced Counter-Electromotive-Torque which is responsible for the parasitic regenerative braking or deceleration of the EV while the generator is charging the EV's batteries. The ReGen-X Generator allows EVs to partially recharge themselves as they drive without any parasitic regenerative braking effects. Typical ReGen-X EV Integration 4. Background: EV regenerative braking is a colloquial term for Generator Armature Reaction which is a resistive Counter-Electromotive-Torque produced inside the generator when the generator is delivering power to a load thus leading to deceleration (braking) of the EV. Generator Armature Reaction in conventional electric generators necessitates an increase in the mechanical drive shaft input power driving the generator or the generator will slow down under load and eventually stall. The required drive shaft mechanical power increase is always greater than the energy delivered by the generator because the generator's efficiency (the mechanical to electrical conversion efficiency is always a percentage number less than 100%). The more power delivered by a conventional electric generator the greater the magnitude of the armature reaction (counter-torque) produced inside the generator and the more the input torque needs to be increased to keep the generator from slowing down. ReGen-X Principle of Operation: The ReGen-X Generator does not require an increase in mechanical drive shaft input power when placed on-load because the the generator's Armature Reaction is delayed and reversed. The ReGen-X generator does not produce a counter-torque on-load but rather a complementary-torque instead. This requires a decrease in drive shaft input mechanical power if a set system speed is desired. NRC test of a ReGen-X Generator prototype at Ottawa University in 2009, showed a 40% input power decrease while the ReGen-X Generator delivered over 200% more output to the same load at the same system speed over the conventional generator. NRC Third Party ReGen-X Test Data: (http://slidesha.re/1oF32sh) Because the Salient Pole ReGen-X Generator reverses regenerative braking effects, the ReGen-X generator now allows pure EVs to partially recharge themselves as they drive without any parasitic deceleration effects greatly increasing the EV's range between plug-in charging. 5. The third party testing by NRC scientist Doug Hart wick showed that the conventional generator required a 12% input power increase when placed on-load whereas the ReGen-X Generator delivered over 2X more power to the load with less input power than was required by the system while idling on no-load. Thoroughly tested, replicated and validated at MIT and the University of Ottawa from 2008 2010.5 the ReGen-X Generator has also been replicated and performance validated at JLN Labs France: (http://www.slideshare.net/NaudinJeanLouis/full-tests-report-on-the-regenx-replication-by-jln) as well as in in Holland by a Dutch Electrical Engineer: (http://bit.ly/1gB00Lz) Now any and all type of electricity generation methods employing the ReGen-X Generator innovation will require LESS input mechanical drive shaft power on-load than is required at idle on no-load. And the more power delivered to the load the less input mechanical power is required. Quite literally the sky is now the limit 6. ReGen-X Generator Documentation: ReGen-X US Patent 14059775: http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/pdi-regenerative-acceleration- generator-regenx-2013-patent-disclosure EV World ReGen-X Performance Review: http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/heins-effect-gaining-credibility- ev-world EV World ReGen-X Article #1: http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/mike-brace-ev-world-article- july-9-2010-8308236 ReGen-X Evaluation by RE Power and Water California: http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/potential-difference- regenerative-acceleration-report-10-apr12-ca-comments-120501-mga- 12-may12 ReGen-X Torque vs Conventional Generator Torque: http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/regenx-short PDi Report to NRC: http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/potential-difference-nrc-report-final NRC ReGen-X Testing at Ottawa University 2009: http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/ottawa-university-nrc-regenx-test-setup Torque Tests for Magma International: http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/magna-international-sept20-th-2009-generator-torque-testing PDi Manning Innovation Nomination: http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/thane-heins-manning-nomination ReGen-X Industry Demo and 3D Film Shoot: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5gozag4ams&feature=player_embedded Renfrew Mercury Press: http://www.insideottawavalley.com/news-story/4034331-multi-million-dollar-opportunity-for-renfrew-native/ Toronto ReGen-X EV World & Industry Demo: 1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgHFhNMkDiw 2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCRx9MW-a7M JLN Labs France ReGen-X Replications: 1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXmmSUnHJKo 2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUrlhXJU4k8 3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-Q4Wd6B5Ts 4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0Q0jq0enYU 5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUrlhXJU4k8 7. An Innovation Who's Time Has Come Immediate ReGen-X Innovation Applications: 1. Electric vehicle motor/generators. 2. Automotive alternators. 3. Hydro electric generators. 4. Urban wind turbines and generators. 5. KERS/KEGS systems. 6. Regenerative Electric Motors. . 8. PDi Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) (US Patent Pending Application Number US17162537) Overview: The Bi-Toroid Transformer (BiTT) is a new transformer design that now allows all transformers to deliver power to a load with the same input current that is required on no-load and to always operate with a near no-load power factor while on-load regardless of the load power factor. Background: The BiTT differs from conventional transformer designs that have primary and secondary windings that are magnetically linked together. The BiTT has two secondary windings and an alternative flux path route which magnetically de-links the primary from the secondary coils. This design allows the secondary coil's BEMF induced magnetic flux to provide the on-load flux magnitude increase which is required to deliver power to a load. This allows the BiTT primary to operate constantly and very efficiently at a no-load input current level whether off or on-load and for the secondary coils to self- power themselves with their own BEMF induced flux. The BiTT primary coil consumes almost pure Reactive Power on no-load and the BiTT Power Factor does not change dramatically when placed on-load (more than 90% less than conventional transformer designs). This is due to the fact that the secondary coil BEMF induced fluxes do not enter the high reluctance primary core and remain in the lower relucatance outer toroid ring. Finite Element Analysis: http://jnaudin.free.fr/dlenz/DLE05en.htm Conventional Transformer Principle of Operation: Conventional transformers have a primary and a secondary which are magnetically linked by a ferromagnetic core. The coupling coefficient for a conventional transformer between the primary and the secondary is 1 and the coupling coefficient between the secondary and the primary is also 1. This mutual coupling coefficient is important because it ensures that the primary coil's magnetic flux is transferred to the secondary coil as efficiently as possible and vice versa. 9. When the conventional transformer is placed on-load, current flows in the secondary coil to the load. This current induces a BEMF magnetic field into the primary core. This secondary BEMF induced magnetic flield (or flux) couples directly back into the primary coil because there is a mutual coupling coefficient of 1 between the secondary and primary coils. The magnitude of secondary induced magnetic flux entering the primary coil's core reduces the primarys coil's impedance (AC resistance) and as a result more source current is able to flow into the primary coil. This increase in primary current also increases the primary's magnetic flux magnitude delivered to the secondary coil which is critically important for the secondary to deliver power to the load. Without the on-load flux magnitude increase the secondary voltage would collapes on-load and no power would be delivered to the load. The problem with said required primary current increase is that it comes at a very high price due to primary heating, resultant losses in transformer efficiency and reduced transformer life span. Critical and costly design steps must be taken to ensure that the transformer primary does not overheat, burn up, catch fire or explode. Critical operational load restrictions must also be observed to allow conventional transformers to deliver useful output with minimal loss due to heat. All of these factors lead to restrictions in conventional transformers effectiveness across variable operational ranges and require many different transformers to accommodate different load conditions if transformer efficiency and operational protection is to be maintained. 10. RS Ohms VP Volts VS Volts IP Amps IS Amps PP Watts PS Watts Open 119 238 3.2 0 50 0 100 99 198 4.8 2.0 114 395 20 60 120 12.1 6.0 729 717 5 24 48 19.2 9.6 1844 460 1 5.7 11.4 22.9 11.4 2612 131 11. BiTT Principle of Operation and Design: The Bi-Toroid Transformer design empolys two secondary coils and the coupling coefficient between the primary and the two secondary coils is 1. On no-load the BiTT operates like any conventional transformer although the primary flux is split and shared between the two secondaries. The Power Factor is ideally zero on no-load with pure Reactive Power being consumed in the BiTT primary. The BiTT differs operationally from a conventional transformer when placed on-load. The secondary BEMF induced magnetic flux couples from one secondary coil to the other via the low reluctance outer flux path route and avoids the high reluctance primary core route. This flux diversion technique; 1) Allows the primary no-load input current to be maintained and to not increase under load. 2) Allows the primary heat losses to be minimized at no-load levels even with short circuits on each secondary. 3) Allows the BiTT to operate with a no-load Power Factor while on-load with purely resistive loads on the secondaries. 12. BiTT Magnetic Diode: The BiTT is essentially a magnetic diode and only allows power delivery in one direction. The coupling coefficient between the two secondaries is 1 whereas the coupling coefficient between the secondary coils and the primary is 0. The BiTT completely isolates primary coil from the load with regards to on-load current magnitude increases and power factor variations. Magnetic Diode for Generators: When employed between an electric generator and a load the BiTT also isolates the generator from the load allowing the generator to deliver Reactive Power to the BiTT primary while the BiTT secondaries deliver Real Power to the load. Magnetic Diode for Motors: When placed between a motor and the grid the BiTT allows the motor to operate with a near zero Power Factor as well. Conventional Transformer BiTT On-Load On-Load Load Power Factor = 1 Load Power Factor = 1 In head to head comparison between a conventional transforer and a BiTT on the same load the BiTT Power Factor is reduced by 92% while the primary current remains unchanged from no-load to on-load and in some cases primary current is even reduced when placed on-load. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjHKjmHrSWM&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg 13. Bi-Toroid Transformer Documentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4bXjL4HUHs&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9 http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/bitt-jln-labsreport-independent-third-party-test-france http://www.slideshare.net/PotentialDifferenceInc/philips-bitt-basic-principle-v4 http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/femm-bi-tt-simulation-1 14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjHKjmHrSWM&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Q3NaNEmdok&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0UZHWhHzyo&list=UU6ZPiUObgaWAyeV3SmUH3mg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_zgR5fyF30&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9 15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdL5EFkfxBQ&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xd6iBh4vHq4&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ex21QOkGANo&list=PLkH1zLdXy1Sy3_St1tUwtY_6qiusDkyG9 16. Hydro Chemical Stripper - Fractional Distillation Water Purifier (H2OP) The PDi Hydro Chemical Stripper Water Distiller employs fractional distillation to remove and recycle chemical contamination from tainted water. Full water tests and additional explinations are here: http://www.slideshare.net/ThaneCHeins/pdi-water-distiller-summary Thane C. Heins President & CEO Potential +/- Difference Inc. R & D "We generate solutions" Email: thaneh@potentialdifference.ca Cell: 613.795.1602 17. Technology Endorsements & Industry Comments "As I'm concerned this is a work of GENIUS (and a rather major one at that)." - Les Virany BSEE MIT Former USPTO examiner and Registered Patent Agent "As a mechanical engineer I'm here to explain how it works and why it works. And it does work; over a dozen of us were witness to that last Monday (as well as a film crew--filming in 3D no less!)." -Mike Brace, Tech Editor EV World (2012) "This is the Holy grail for generators." -NRC Scientist Doug Hartwick at Ottawa University (2009) "This is a freakin' game changer!" -Mike Elwood, Chairman Electric Mobility Canada at Ottawa University (2009) "Of course it accelerates when a load is applied...! This represents several new chapters in physics, that is why we are consulting MIT." -Dr. Habash, University of Ottawa (2007) "It works and it is not something I would have expected, now I am just trying to figure it out?" -Dr. Marcus Zahn at MIT (2007) "A number of your experiments are not lying in the field of Maxwellian electrodynamics? That is fascinating! I will inform you on any progress that i'll make along with reports." -Dr. Evstigneev N.M., Leading Scientist, Department of Chaotic Dynamics, Institute for System Analysis, Russian Academy of Science (2009) "Your claims seem to violate the law of conservation of energy and Maxwell's equations of electro- magnetics." I will send you a short proposal, including my plan of work, estimate of cost, etc. Then we can sign a short agreement and proceed." -Mehrdad (Mark) Ehsani, Ph.D., P.E., F.IEEE, F.SAE, Robert M. Kennedy Professor & Director, Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory & Advanced Vehicle Systems Research Program, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University (2008) "This is absolutely fascinating stuff you are doing!" -Joseph Shin, Electricity and Magnetism Professor, Concordia University (2011) "If possible would like to meet with you to discuss your approach to the Association and of course to get a better feel about the physics behind your invention. I would still like to see what you are doing and perhaps we can include some of your material on our website newsletter?" -David Mann, Canadian Association for the Advancement of Science (2009) "Thane, Your Press Release was most interesting to me as a physicist and an engineer. The level of technical detail was adequate to tell me that you probably have made a very significant advance in applied physics and in safely and successfully handling a new source of electric power. Congratulations!" -Dr. Stanley Townsend, University of Toronto & Former Managing Editor of the Canadian Journal of Physics (2006) "We are interested in using the ReGenX technology in our LinkVolt Project to reduce roadside refueling." -Neil Young, LincVolt Project (2011) 18. "The magnetics lab here at Goddard expressed some interest in having you come down to do a colloquium." -NASA (2008) "We really are more interested in developing its use and application for military power requirements." -US Air Force (2009) "I have asked Mr. Gilles Brassard, A/Director, Spacecraft Payload here at the Canadian Space Agency to look at your technologies and to visit your laboratory." -Canadian Space Agency (2009) "I am writing to ask you to submit what you feel would be an appropriate document to describe your regenerative acceleration technology for circulation to our Committee members." -Al Cormier, Executive Director Electric Mobility Canada (2009) "You seem to have made an interesting discovery. Our internal physics experts review this information and have determined that it is very interesting work." -Mike Simpson, Transportation Analyst Rocky Mountain Institute (2009) "Would you be willing to contribute an article on this technology to the Journal for Engineering and Public Policy?" -Donald Wallace, Executive Director Ontario Centre for Engineering and Public Policy (2009) "Thanks for providing technical information. If the effect of your invention is really true, I am sure there will be strong needs in the market." -Nissan Japan (2012) "I would like to know why you are not the toast of the town... this technology can be offered as a range extension option to our clients." -Thomas Fritz, Vice President Electric Vehicle Operations, CODA Automotive (2012) "The technology looks really interesting and is revolutionary. I would like to learn more about the technology. Is it possible to organize a demo or a lecture in the USA?" -Chrysler Electrified Powertrains (2012) "This sounds interesting. I'd like you to connect with our Fuel Economy Learning Program manager, to schedule a time for you to come in and share the technology with us. We need to know more about the Physics behind it." -General Motors (2012) "It would be fitting for the inventor of the automobile to be first with your revolutionary technology and for me to play a role in that would be awesome!" -Mercedes-Benz (2012) "When we finally understand what Thane Heins has discovered, we likely will have to rewrite the laws of electromagnetism." -Mike Brace EV World Tech Editor (2010)