INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY

DR.SHAFALI SINGH, M.D,8/18/2011 1

Components of the Course

Clinical Case Discussions

Self Study in

Small Groups

Didactic Lectures

Online Activities

Small Group Practicals

Required Course Materials

• Lecture Power-point Presentations.

• Course Syllabus.

• Small Group Practical & Clinical Case Discussion Handout.

• Textbook

Which Textbook ?

Clinical Cases / Labs / Quizes

• Clinical Cases- reinforce how an understanding of physiology is important in dealing with clinical conditions.

• Labs

• Will carry points for attendance and performance.

PreviewOverview material toMaster Focus on objectivesOutline your goals

Attendlecture orpresentation

Personal StudyDefine the “big picture”Take notes for studyReview and compile notes andgoals within 8h of sessionList questions or problem areasfor studyRead support material or textReview objectives in studygroup within 1 week

Focus your study group!- Ask each other questions- Paraphrase the learning objectives- Define & clarify most difficult concepts- List and organize key points- Suggest applications of concepts inmedical practiceManage your time!

Personal StudyDo study questions or onlineSelf assessment

Pre-examreview

Take examWith confidence

Policy Regarding Medical Excuses Based on self-reporting by students Email / Leave application to: vishal@windsor.edushafali@windsor.edu- Maximum of two such excuses per semester- Third excuse results in mandatory LOA

Physiology

• Physiology is about the functions of living beings.• Physiology is also about how the living organism

adjusts to the adversities of the environment- obtain enough water to live or avoid too much water, escapes freezing to death or dying from excessive heat, moves about to find suitable surroundings, food, and mates- and how it obtains information about the environment through its senses.• Physiology is about the regulation of all these

functions.• Intersection of behavior, ecology, anatomy, evolution,

and immunology.

Classification

Types of physiology • Cellular • Neurological • Comparative • Environmental • Systemic-Human physiologyMedical physiology concentrates on human physiology

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Organization of the human body

CellsTissues

Organs

Organ systems

Organisms(Human body)

Organ Systems in Review

• Integumentary• Musculoskeletal• Respiratory• Digestive• Reproductive and Urinary• Circulatory• Nervous and Endocrine• Immune

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Organ Systems

• 1. Integumentary system

• Components:• Skin, hair nails, sweat glands,

and sebaceous glands

• Functions:• Covers and protects the body;

regulate temperature

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Organ Systems

• 2. Skeletal system

• Components:• Bones, cartilage, ligaments

• Functions:• Provides body framework

and support; protects; attaches muscles to bones; provides calcium storage

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Organ Systems

• 3. Muscular system

• Components:• Muscles

• Functions:• Produces movement;

maintain posture; provides heat

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Organ Systems

• 4. Nervous system

• Components:• Brain, spinal cord, nerves,

sense receptors

• Functions:• Coordinates body activities;

receives and transmits stimuli.

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Organ Systems

• 5. Endocrine system

• Components:• Pituitary, adrenal, thyroid,

and other ductless glands

• Functions:• Regulates metabolic

activities and body chemistry

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Organ Systems

• 6. Cardiovascular system

• Components:• Heart, blood vessels, and

blood

• Functions:• Transport materials from

one part to another; defends against disease

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Organ Systems

• 7. Lymphatic system

• Components:• Lymph, lymph vessels, and

lymphoid organs

• Functions:• Returns tissue fluid to the

blood; defends against disease

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Organ Systems

• 8. Digestive system

• Components:• Mouth, esophagus,

stomach, intestine, liver, and pancreas

• Functions:• Ingests and digests food;

absorbs nutrients into blood

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Organ Systems

• 9. Respiratory system

• Components:• Air passageways and lungs

• Functions:• Exchanges gases between

blood and external environment

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Organ Systems

• 10. Urinary system

• Components:• Kidneys, ureter, urinary

bladder, urethra

• Functions:• Excretes metabolic wastes;

regulates fluid balance and acid-base balance

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Organ Systems

• 11. Reproductive system

• Components:• Testes, ovaries, and

accessory organs

• Functions:• Forms new individuals to

provide continuation of the animal species

Contributing scientist

1. WILLIAM HARVEY2. JOHANNES MULLER 3. CLAUDE BERNARD 4. WALTER CANON 5. PAVLOV6. STARLING7. HERMANN HELMHOLTZ