introduction to permaculture day one at earthwise november 2010
DESCRIPTION
Day one of an introduction to Permaculture course held at the Earthwise Community centres in Subiaco, Western Australia.TRANSCRIPT
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An Introduction to Permaculture:Day One
Brooke ’Sparkles’ Murphy and Harry Wykman
17th and 18th of July, 2010
Introductions
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
2 / 77
Sparkles and The Wicked Problems
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
3 / 77
Permaculture Ethics and IndigenousWisdom
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
4 / 77
Permaculture Ethics
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
5 / 77
Care of Earth
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
6 / 77
● Story : MASANOBU
FUKUOKA
Care of Earth
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
6 / 77
● Story : MASANOBU
FUKUOKA
● Soil
Care of Earth
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
6 / 77
● Story : MASANOBU
FUKUOKA
● Soil
● Stewardship
Care of Earth
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
6 / 77
● Story : MASANOBU
FUKUOKA
● Soil
● Stewardship
● Living Things
Care of Earth
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
6 / 77
● Story : MASANOBU
FUKUOKA
● Soil
● Stewardship
● Living Things
"If permaculture is a philos-ophy, then it is a pragmatic,down-to-earth one, whichtakes the ecological limits ofour power and intelligence asfoundations for anything wedo." — Holmgren [2002, p6]
Care of Earth
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
7 / 77
"The question which must be addressed . . . isnot how to care for the planet, but how to carefor each of the planet’s millions of small piecesand parcels of land, each one of which is insome precious and exciting way different fromall others." — WENDELL BERRY, Culture andAgriculture, 1977
Care of People
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
8 / 77
● Story : JOSÉ MARÍA
ARIZMENDIARRIETA
Care of People
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
8 / 77
● Story : JOSÉ MARÍA
ARIZMENDIARRIETA
● Personal Responsibility(for overconsumption /own needs)
Care of People
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
8 / 77
● Story : JOSÉ MARÍA
ARIZMENDIARRIETA
● Personal Responsibility(for overconsumption /own needs)
● Non-material well-being(enjoying the simplethings)
Care of People
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
8 / 77
● Story : JOSÉ MARÍA
ARIZMENDIARRIETA
● Personal Responsibility(for overconsumption /own needs)
● Non-material well-being(enjoying the simplethings)
● New ways of being to-gether
Fair Share
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
9 / 77
Fair Share
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
9 / 77
● Example : The NYUN-GAR people past andpresent
Fair Share
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
9 / 77
● Example : The NYUN-GAR people past andpresent
● Share beyond our im-mediate circle
Fair Share
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
9 / 77
● Example : The NYUN-GAR people past andpresent
● Share beyond our im-mediate circle
● Ecological investment(trees, biological capac-ity)
Fair Share
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom❖ PermacultureEthics
❖ Care of Earth
❖ Care of People
❖ Fair Share
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
9 / 77
● Example : The NYUN-GAR people past andpresent
● Share beyond our im-mediate circle
● Ecological investment(trees, biological capac-ity)
● Social investment (so-cial structures and en-terprise)
Permaculture In History
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
10 / 77
Check In: What is Permaculture Brainstorm
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
11 / 77
Permaculture Principles 1-3
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
❖ Why Principles?
❖ Principle 1
❖ Principle 2
❖ Principle 3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
12 / 77
Why Principles?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
❖ Why Principles?
❖ Principle 1
❖ Principle 2
❖ Principle 3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
13 / 77
● They are abstract and theoretical
Why Principles?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
❖ Why Principles?
❖ Principle 1
❖ Principle 2
❖ Principle 3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
13 / 77
● They are abstract and theoretical
✦ ie. not limited in time (history) or space (geography,place)
Why Principles?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
❖ Why Principles?
❖ Principle 1
❖ Principle 2
❖ Principle 3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
13 / 77
● They are abstract and theoretical
✦ ie. not limited in time (history) or space (geography,place)
✦ they are therefore transferable between places andtimes
Why Principles?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
❖ Why Principles?
❖ Principle 1
❖ Principle 2
❖ Principle 3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
13 / 77
● They are abstract and theoretical
✦ ie. not limited in time (history) or space (geography,place)
✦ they are therefore transferable between places andtimes
● Facilitate adaptation to continuous change
Why Principles?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
❖ Why Principles?
❖ Principle 1
❖ Principle 2
❖ Principle 3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
13 / 77
● They are abstract and theoretical
✦ ie. not limited in time (history) or space (geography,place)
✦ they are therefore transferable between places andtimes
● Facilitate adaptation to continuous change
● Facilitate critical thought (not commitment to particularstrategies, or even a particular set of principles)
Principle 1: Observe and interact
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Principle 1: Observe and interact
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Principle 1: Observe and interact
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● We need to know about natural systems - active observation and ex-change are necessary for this
● Emphasis on subtle, slow moving and small (deeply counter cultural)
Principle 1: Observe and interact
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● We need to know about natural systems - active observation and ex-change are necessary for this
● Emphasis on subtle, slow moving and small (deeply counter cultural)
/home/harry/Documents/Business/Peacetree
Principle 2: Catch and store energy
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Principle 2: Catch and store energy
17 / 77
Principle 2: Catch and store energy
17 / 77
● Power Principle 1
Principle 2: Catch and store energy
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● Power Principle 1
● Build biological assets (theoretically limitless capacity)
Principle 3: Obtain a yield
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Principle 3: Obtain a yield
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Principle 3: Obtain a yield
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● Power Principle 2 — overemphasised in industrial society
Principle 3: Obtain a yield
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● Power Principle 2 — overemphasised in industrial society
● Necessary positive feedback (yield) and negative feedback (competi-tion)
/home/harry/Documents/Business/Peacetree
Plants
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
24 / 77
Which Principle is That?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
25 / 77
Which Principle is That?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
25 / 77
Obtain a Yield
Which Principle is That?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
25 / 77
Obtain a Yield
Why Plants?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
26 / 77
Permaculture is not just organic gardening or alternativeagriculture but plants have a priviledged place inpermaculture systems.
Why Plants?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
26 / 77
Permaculture is not just organic gardening or alternativeagriculture but plants have a priviledged place inpermaculture systems.
Why?
Why Plants?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
26 / 77
Permaculture is not just organic gardening or alternativeagriculture but plants have a priviledged place inpermaculture systems.
Why? — Photosynthesis.
Why Plants?
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
26 / 77
Permaculture is not just organic gardening or alternativeagriculture but plants have a priviledged place inpermaculture systems.
Why? — Photosynthesis.
"Solar energy (in the form of visible light) is usedby plants to transform water and carbon dioxidefrom the atmosphere into carbohydrates by thephotosynthetic process. These carbohydrates arethe start of the chemical energy supply chainthat provides for the needs of all other livingthings , as well as (indirectly) creating the fossilfuels of coal, oil and gas." [Holmgren, 2002, p31]
Perennial and Annual
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
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What’s the Difference?
Guild Functions: Beneficial Insect NectaryPlants
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
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Fennel
● Member of the Apiaceae family (with parsley, carrot, dilletc.), a family famous for their usefulness at attractingbeneficial insect, in particular those with small mouthparts like hover flies and parasitic wasps.
Guild Functions: Honey Plants
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
29 / 77
Bush Basil● great bee plant
● very attractive hedge orstandard plant
● has potential to be apest-confuser also
Guild Functions: Pollinator Support Plants
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
30 / 77
Lemon Balm● Generalist nectary plant
● Can be used as aground cover — has aclumping habit so manyplants are required
Guild Functions: Aromatic Pest-confusingPlants
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
31 / 77
Thyme
● Aromatic pest-confuser
● Nectary plant
● Ground Cover
● Culinary Use
● Thyme is valued for itsantiseptic and antioxi-dant properties, it is anexcellent tonic and isused in treating respira-tory diseases and a va-riety of other ailments[Fern, 2006]
Guild Functions: Fertility Plants
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
32 / 77
Italian Alder
Photo by John Colwill 2010
● nitrogen fixer
● drought tolerant
● ~10 m high
● Semi evergreen in Perth
● fast growing
● good windbreak
Martin Crawford uses thistree extensively throughouthis forest garden.
Guild Functions: Ground Cover Plants
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
33 / 77
Apple Mint● Jacke and Toensmeier
give apple mint a ratingof ’2 stars’ (highest) asa ground cover becauseof its thick cover.
● Also pest-confuser
● like many other mem-bers of this genus, is of-ten used as a domes-tic herbal remedy, be-ing valued especially forits antiseptic propertiesand its beneficial effecton the digestion
Guild Functions: Weed Barrier Plants
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
34 / 77
Vetiver Grass
● Vetiver has very fibrous roots which penetrate verydeeply. As a result, vetiver excludes weeds, is usedextensively in tropical areas in erosion control and isdrought tolerant. It is a great mulch plant.
Plants and Human Services
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Why Plants?
❖ Perennial andAnnual
❖ nectar
❖ honey
❖ polinator support
❖ pest-confusing
❖ fertility
❖ ground cover
❖ weed barrier❖ Plants and HumanServices
Plant Tour
35 / 77
Microclimate Creation andBeauty
"The net coolingeffect of a young,healthy tree isequivalent to tenroom-size air con-ditioners operating20 hours a day."[Lancaster, 2007,p. 285]
● Not least, plants makeplaces livable.
Plant Tour
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
*
36 / 77
The Seven F’s
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
37 / 77
Which Principle is That?
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
38 / 77
Which Principle is That?
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
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Obtain a Yield
Which Principle is That?
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Plants
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The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
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Obtain a Yield
Plants and Human Yields: The Seven F’s
Introductions
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Plants
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The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
39 / 77
The Seven F’s provide a good framework for considering thevariety of plant-derived yields.
Plants and Human Yields: The Seven F’s
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
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The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
39 / 77
The Seven F’s provide a good framework for considering thevariety of plant-derived yields.
1. food,
Plants and Human Yields: The Seven F’s
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Plants
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The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
39 / 77
The Seven F’s provide a good framework for considering thevariety of plant-derived yields.
1. food,
2. fuel,
Plants and Human Yields: The Seven F’s
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
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The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
39 / 77
The Seven F’s provide a good framework for considering thevariety of plant-derived yields.
1. food,
2. fuel,
3. fiber,
Plants and Human Yields: The Seven F’s
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
39 / 77
The Seven F’s provide a good framework for considering thevariety of plant-derived yields.
1. food,
2. fuel,
3. fiber,
4. fodder,
Plants and Human Yields: The Seven F’s
Introductions
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Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
39 / 77
The Seven F’s provide a good framework for considering thevariety of plant-derived yields.
1. food,
2. fuel,
3. fiber,
4. fodder,
5. fertilizer, and
Plants and Human Yields: The Seven F’s
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
39 / 77
The Seven F’s provide a good framework for considering thevariety of plant-derived yields.
1. food,
2. fuel,
3. fiber,
4. fodder,
5. fertilizer, and
6. "farmaceuticals," and
Plants and Human Yields: The Seven F’s
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
39 / 77
The Seven F’s provide a good framework for considering thevariety of plant-derived yields.
1. food,
2. fuel,
3. fiber,
4. fodder,
5. fertilizer, and
6. "farmaceuticals," and
7. fun
Plants and Human Yields: Food
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
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The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
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Chestnut
Plants and Human Yields: Fuel
Introductions
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The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
41 / 77
Leucaena
Plants and Human Yields: Fiber
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
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The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
42 / 77
New Zealand Flax
Plants and Human Yields: Fodder
Introductions
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Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
43 / 77
Tagasaste
Plants and Human Yields: Fertiliser
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
44 / 77
Comfrey According to Jacke andToensmeier [2005], Comfreyis a ’3 star’ dynamic accumu-lator Because it covers themain plants nutrients, N, P, Kand Ca. It covers:
● K — Potassium
● P — Phosphorus
● Ca — Calcium
● Cu — Copper
● Fe — Iron
● Mg — Magnesium
Plants and Human Yields:"Farmaceuticals"
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
46 / 77
Yarrow Yarrow has a high reputa-tion and is widely employedin herbal medicine, adminis-tered both internally and ex-ternally. It is used in the treat-ment of a very wide rangeof disorders but is particularlyvaluable for treating wounds,stopping the flow of blood,treating colds, fevers, kidneydiseases, menstrual pain etc[Fern, 2006]
Plants and Human Yields: Fun
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s❖ Which Principle isThat?❖ Plants andHumans
❖ food
❖ fuel
❖ fibre
❖ fodder
❖ fertiliser
❖ farmaceuticals
❖ fun
Principles 4-6
47 / 77
Elder
Principles 4-6
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
❖ Principle 4
❖ Principle 5
❖ Principle 6
❖ The Structure ofthe Principles
Soil and Composting
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References andResources
48 / 77
Principle 4: Apply self-regulation andaccept feedback
49 / 77
Principle 4: Apply self-regulation andaccept feedback
49 / 77
Principle 4: Apply self-regulation andaccept feedback
49 / 77
● Checks Power Principles
Principle 4: Apply self-regulation andaccept feedback
49 / 77
● Checks Power Principles
● Natural systems: Self-restraint avoids forceful negative feedback (eg.effects of climate change)
Principle 5: Use and value renewableresource and services
52 / 77
Principle 5: Use and value renewableresource and services
52 / 77
Principle 5: Use and value renewableresource and services
52 / 77
● Neither limited environmentalism (value only) nor industrial (use only)— using and valuing preserves
Principle 5: Use and value renewableresource and services
52 / 77
● Neither limited environmentalism (value only) nor industrial (use only)— using and valuing preserves
● Resources (eg. timber) and services (eg. shade or heat)
Principle 6: Produce no waste
55 / 77
Principle 6: Produce no waste
55 / 77
Principle 6: Produce no waste
55 / 77
● Internal efficiency
Principle 6: Produce no waste
55 / 77
● Internal efficiency
● Maintenance as a subversive activity
The Structure of the Principles
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
❖ Principle 4
❖ Principle 5
❖ Principle 6
❖ The Structure ofthe Principles
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
58 / 77
Principles 1 - 6
The Structure of the Principles
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
❖ Principle 4
❖ Principle 5
❖ Principle 6
❖ The Structure ofthe Principles
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
58 / 77
Principles 1 - 6
● Self-reliance
The Structure of the Principles
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Plants
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The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
❖ Principle 4
❖ Principle 5
❖ Principle 6
❖ The Structure ofthe Principles
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
58 / 77
Principles 1 - 6
● Self-reliance
Principles 7 - 12
The Structure of the Principles
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
❖ Principle 4
❖ Principle 5
❖ Principle 6
❖ The Structure ofthe Principles
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
58 / 77
Principles 1 - 6
● Self-reliance
Principles 7 - 12
● Interdependence
The Structure of the Principles
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
❖ Principle 4
❖ Principle 5
❖ Principle 6
❖ The Structure ofthe Principles
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
58 / 77
Principles 1 - 6
● Self-reliance
Principles 7 - 12
● Interdependence
● Standing Back
Soil and Composting
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Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
59 / 77
Which Principle is That?
Introductions
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Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
60 / 77
Which Principle is That?
Introductions
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PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
60 / 77
ProduceNo Waste
Which Principle is That?
Introductions
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Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
60 / 77
ProduceNo Waste
Soil
Introductions
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The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
61 / 77
What do we know about soil?
Soil Types: Parts and Particles
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The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
62 / 77
Soil is primarily made up of
● minerals ,
Soil Types: Parts and Particles
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The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
62 / 77
Soil is primarily made up of
● minerals ,
● water ,
Soil Types: Parts and Particles
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The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
62 / 77
Soil is primarily made up of
● minerals ,
● water ,
● gases , and
Soil Types: Parts and Particles
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The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
62 / 77
Soil is primarily made up of
● minerals ,
● water ,
● gases , and
● living and decayingorganic matter .
Soil Types: Parts and Particles
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Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
62 / 77
Soil is primarily made up of
● minerals ,
● water ,
● gases , and
● living and decayingorganic matter .
Ideally, these parts will beformed into a crumb, allow-ing the retention of waterand nutrient while maintain-ing sufficient space for ex-change of gasses, includingoxygen.
Soil Types: Parts and Particles
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The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
63 / 77
Soils are broadly classifiedby the size and relativeamount of their componentparts.
Soil Types: Parts and Particles
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The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
63 / 77
Soils are broadly classifiedby the size and relativeamount of their componentparts.
● sands are those soilswhere particles be-tween 2-0.05mm;
Soil Types: Parts and Particles
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Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
63 / 77
Soils are broadly classifiedby the size and relativeamount of their componentparts.
● sands are those soilswhere particles be-tween 2-0.05mm;
● silts are 0.05-0.002mm;
Soil Types: Parts and Particles
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Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
63 / 77
Soils are broadly classifiedby the size and relativeamount of their componentparts.
● sands are those soilswhere particles be-tween 2-0.05mm;
● silts are 0.05-0.002mm;
● clays are less than0.002mm.
Soil Types: Parts and Particles
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
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Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
63 / 77
Soils are broadly classifiedby the size and relativeamount of their componentparts.
● sands are those soilswhere particles be-tween 2-0.05mm;
● silts are 0.05-0.002mm;
● clays are less than0.002mm.
● a loam is formed byaround 20% clay, 40%silt and 40% sand.
Soil Nutrients: Macronutrients
Introductions
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Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
64 / 77
● Nitrogen (N) is required for vegetative growth,chorophyll production and protein formation .Nitrogen deficiency is indicated by chlorosis (yellowingof leaves) and stunted development.
✦ Sources of Concentrated Nitrogen include animalmanures, green manures / mulches and blood andbone.
Soil Nutrients: Macronutrients
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Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
64 / 77
● Nitrogen (N) is required for vegetative growth,chorophyll production and protein formation .Nitrogen deficiency is indicated by chlorosis (yellowingof leaves) and stunted development.
✦ Sources of Concentrated Nitrogen include animalmanures, green manures / mulches and blood andbone.
● Phosphorus (P) is required for flowering andreproduction, tissue ripening and hardinessPhosphorus deficiency is indicated by reduced growthand dull green leaves.
✦ Sources of Concentrated Phosphorus include bonemeal, bird manures and powedered rock phosphate.
Soil Nutrients: Macronutrients
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The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
65 / 77
● Potassium (K) is required for drought tolerance, rootgrowth and thick cell walls . Potassium deficiency is diffucultto recognise though is sometimes indicated by yellowing ofleaf tips and edges and retarded growth.
✦ Sources of Concentrated Potassium include the ash ofyoung wood, bone meal, animal manures and liquidseaweed.
Soil Nutrients: Macronutrients
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Plants
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The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
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● Potassium (K) is required for drought tolerance, rootgrowth and thick cell walls . Potassium deficiency is diffucultto recognise though is sometimes indicated by yellowing ofleaf tips and edges and retarded growth.
✦ Sources of Concentrated Potassium include the ash ofyoung wood, bone meal, animal manures and liquidseaweed.
● Calcium (Ca) is essential in the production of cell walls .Calcium deficiency is results in the most marked retardationof growth. Deficiencies in all other elements are very difficultto recognise, though some indications are given by whichweed species grow readily in a particular soil.
Soil Nutrients: Macronutrients
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
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● Potassium (K) is required for drought tolerance, rootgrowth and thick cell walls . Potassium deficiency is diffucultto recognise though is sometimes indicated by yellowing ofleaf tips and edges and retarded growth.
✦ Sources of Concentrated Potassium include the ash ofyoung wood, bone meal, animal manures and liquidseaweed.
● Calcium (Ca) is essential in the production of cell walls .Calcium deficiency is results in the most marked retardationof growth. Deficiencies in all other elements are very difficultto recognise, though some indications are given by whichweed species grow readily in a particular soil.
● Sulfur (S) is required for protein formation.
Soil Nutrients: Micronutrients or TraceElements
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
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● Iron (Fe) and Magnesium (Mg) are essential inchlorophyll production. Magnesium deficiency is shownin yellowing between the veins on older leaves.Iron deficiency is shown most clearly in yellowingbetween the veins on young leaves.
Soil Nutrients: Micronutrients or TraceElements
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
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● Iron (Fe) and Magnesium (Mg) are essential inchlorophyll production. Magnesium deficiency is shownin yellowing between the veins on older leaves.Iron deficiency is shown most clearly in yellowingbetween the veins on young leaves.
● Other trace elements include Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn),Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Boron (B),Chlorine (Cl), Aluminium (Al), Sodium (Na),Silicon (Si) and Cobalt (Co)
Soil Nutrients: Micronutrients or TraceElements
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
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● Iron (Fe) and Magnesium (Mg) are essential inchlorophyll production. Magnesium deficiency is shownin yellowing between the veins on older leaves.Iron deficiency is shown most clearly in yellowingbetween the veins on young leaves.
● Other trace elements include Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn),Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Boron (B),Chlorine (Cl), Aluminium (Al), Sodium (Na),Silicon (Si) and Cobalt (Co)
Trace elements can be added through the use of a rock dust.An example composition of a ’rock dust’ is:
Soil pH
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
67 / 77
Soil pH
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
67 / 77
Element Ideal pH Range
Nitrogen 6.0 - 8.0Potassium 6.0
Phosphorus 6.5 - 7.5Most Others 5.5 - 7.0Earthworms > 5
Soil pH
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
67 / 77
Element Ideal pH Range
Nitrogen 6.0 - 8.0Potassium 6.0
Phosphorus 6.5 - 7.5Most Others 5.5 - 7.0Earthworms > 5
● pH is a measure of theconcentration of hydro-gen ions.
Soil pH
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
67 / 77
Element Ideal pH Range
Nitrogen 6.0 - 8.0Potassium 6.0
Phosphorus 6.5 - 7.5Most Others 5.5 - 7.0Earthworms > 5
● pH is a measure of theconcentration of hydro-gen ions.
● Each point on the scalerepresents a change bya factor of ten in acidity.
Soil pH
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
67 / 77
Element Ideal pH Range
Nitrogen 6.0 - 8.0Potassium 6.0
Phosphorus 6.5 - 7.5Most Others 5.5 - 7.0Earthworms > 5
● pH is a measure of theconcentration of hydro-gen ions.
● Each point on the scalerepresents a change bya factor of ten in acidity.
● Soil nutrients becomemore or less available toplants depending uponthe pH.
Soil Life: Mycelia and Mycoremediation
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
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Paul Stamets on Mycoremediation
Energy Cycling
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
69 / 77
Exercise : Shut Your System
Energy Cycling
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
❖ Which Principle isThat?
❖ Soil
❖ Soil Types
❖ Soil Nutrients
❖ Soil pH
❖ Soil Life
❖ Energy Cycling
Guilds
69 / 77
Exercise : Shut Your System
A Very Brief Introduction to Guilds
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds❖ Plants andEcosystems
❖ Video
References andResources
* 70 / 77
Plants and Ecosystems: Guilds
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds❖ Plants andEcosystems
❖ Video
References andResources
* 71 / 77
Traditional Centered Per-maculture Guild
"Guilds are madeup of a close asso-ciation of speciesclustered arounda central element(plant of animal).This assemblyacts in relationto the element toassist in health,aid our work inmanagement,
or buffer adverseenvironmental ef-fects." — MOLLI-SON [1988, p. 60]
Plants and Ecosystems: Guilds
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds❖ Plants andEcosystems
❖ Video
References andResources
* 72 / 77
More recent PERMACULTURE writing has seen this definitionexpanded. Guilds are not seen as necessarily ‘centered’ butinclude any beneficial interspecies interaction whichdemonstrates either or both mutual support and resourcesharing. JACKE and TOENSMEIER [2005, 151] that
"mutual support guilds build social structure."
They continue, writing that these relationships
". . . can include such diverse interactions aspollination support, inhibition of competitors,physical support or vines, microclimatemodification, providing habitat for critical animals orany number of other functions."
Video
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds❖ Plants andEcosystems
❖ Video
References andResources
* 73 / 77
Farm for the Future: Martin Crawford’sForest Garden
References and Resources
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
❖ References
*
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References
Introductions
Sparkles and TheWicked Problems
Permaculture Ethicsand IndigenousWisdom
Permaculture InHistory
Check In
PermaculturePrinciples 1-3
Plants
Plant Tour
The Seven F’s
Principles 4-6
Soil and Composting
Guilds
References andResources
❖ References
*
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References andResources
*
References
Ken Fern. Achillea millefolium - Plants For A Future databasereport, 2006. URLhttp://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Achillea+millefolium
David Holmgren. Permaculture : principles & pathwaysbeyond sustainability. Holmgren Design Services, HepburnVic., 2002. ISBN 9780646418445.
Dave Jacke and Eric Toensmeier. Edible forest gardens:Ecological vision and theory for temperate climatepermaculture. vol. 1. Chelsea Green Pub. Co., White RiverJunction Vt., 2005. ISBN 9781931498807.
Brad Lancaster. Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands andBeyond (Vol. 2): Water-Harvesting Earthworks. RainsourcePress, Tucson, July 2007. ISBN 0977246418. URLhttp://www.amazon.com/dp/0977246418.
B Mollison. Permaculture : a designer’s manual. Tagari
Credits
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This document, authored by Harry Wykman in collaboration wi thBrooke ’Sparkles’ Murphy is licensed under a Creative Commo nsAttribution 2.5 Australia License.
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