introduction to pbn and rnp · introduction to pbn and rnp rick farnworth atm/rds/nav. sdm pbn...
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Introduction to PBN and RNP
Rick FarnworthATM/RDS/NAV
SDM PBN workshop 19th October 2017
Summary
What is PBN? Some History The ICAO PBN Manual The Benefits of PBN Some Examples PBN Approaches PBN and the Environment Available Guidance Material
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RNAV RNP
PBN
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Conventional
ROUTES: In search of a safe & perfect ‘path’
Conventional Navigation Route stuck to Navaids
Not flexible
Area navigation (RNAV):permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within coverage of available positioning sources: Great flexibility in
route placement both lateral & vertical.
RNAV
358
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What is Performance Based Navigation?
Required Navigation Performance
A B
The lateral accuracy is only one of several performance and functional requirements included in any PBN specification.
What came before PBN?
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PRE2004
B-RNAV
P-RNAV
US-RNAV
RNP10
RNP 4
RNP/RNAV
FUTURE
BoeingEurope
US
Australia
Canada
South America
China
Japan
Airbus
RussiaOther States-Regions
India
RNAVandRNP
A variety of navigation applications, High Certification Costs … action required!
The Result was PBN
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PBN Concept replaced RNP Concept
Publication of Doc 9613, PBN Manual in 2008
Resolution of ICAO’s 36th Assembly
Reiterated at 37th Assembly
Manual updated in 2013
The components of PBN
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NavigationSpecification
NAVAIDInfrastructure
NavigationApplication
PBN
PBN improves Safety – which tops any list.
On a route*, PBN provides ‘Confidence’ in navigation performance both laterally and vertically.
Confidence is provided by PBN’s ten RNAV and RNP specifications. These spell out crew and aircraft navigation performance needed to operate on a route.
NavigationApplication
*Any ATS route, SID, STAR, Final Approach Procedure flown Using an RNAV system, is a PBN ‘route’.
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The Navigation Specifications
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Designation RNAV 5RNAV 2RNAV 1
Designation RNP 10*
For Oceanic and Remote Continental navigation
applications For En Route & Terminal navigation applications*Actually RNAV 10
RNAV RNP
DesignationRNP with additional requirements to be
determined (e.g. 3D, 4D etc)
Designation
RNP 1
RNP APCHRNP AR APCH
for various phases of flight
RNP 2
Advanced RNP
RNP 0.3
Designation RNP 4
For Oceanic & Remote Continental navigation
applications
On-Board PerformanceMonitoring and Alerting
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NavigationSpecification
PERFORMANCEAccuracyIntegrity
ContinuityAvailability
PERFORMANCE
Functionalities
Navigation Sensors
Air crew requirements
Document used as the basis for developing Certification & Operational Approval
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Interoperability costs less Improved Flight Efficiency, Environmental impact, safety, capacity ..
Enables CDO and CCO While RNAV is good … RNP is better, harnessing aircraft capability and
space technology RNP Approaches with Vertical Guidance (APV) > Baro or SBAS Curved path transition Greater track assurance - alert if the aircraft is not meeting its requirements Alleviation on airspace interaction constraints Reduces ATC radar monitoring requirements Greater tactical flexibility through parallel offsets Higher integrity from RNP Lays the foundation for more advanced concepts e.g., trajectory
management (3D/4D) Infrastructure
Extensive use of GNSS DME/DME for reversion where required
NAVAIDInfrastructure
NavigationSpecification
Why PBN is good for you..
NavigationApplication
Radius to Fix (RF) Functionality
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Aircraft anticipates the turn. Not repeatable
R
R
R
R
Designer stipulates the radius and defines the arc centre
Radius to Fix (RF)Fly-by Turns
14Schiphol first 2 weeks of January 2008, all aircraft types (390 flights)
Before RF - Schiphol R/W 24
HHP 3
HHP 4
HHP 5
HHP 31
HHP 30
15Schiphol first 2 weeks of January 2008, KLM B737 type (136 flights)
HHP 3
HHP 4
HHP 31
HHP 30
HHP 5
RF Benefits - Schiphol R/W 24
Riga RNP AR – Reduced Track Miles
Gothenburg, Fewer miles = Less noise,
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Benefits with RNP AR:11 NM shorter than the baseline scenario.Relieving a noise sensitive area of over flying aircraft
Baseline scenario RNAV 1 STAR followed by ILS approach to RWY21.
RNP AR to RWY21.
RNP Approaches
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RNP APCH
Lateral Guidance only With Vertical guidance
LNAV LP
Expected to be flown as
CDFA
SBAS supported
Lateral only
LNAV/VNAV LPV
APV-Baro APV-SBAS(SBAS supported
Localiser Performance with vertical guidance)
APV
General Evolution of Approaches
Lateral Vertical
NPANon Precision Approaches
APVApproaches with Vertical Guidance
PAPrecision
Approaches
Sensors
Conventional VOR/DME/NDBLocalizer
Conventional ILS/MLS
RNP APCH GPS
CDFA
GBAS ApproachGPS
+GBAS
APV BaroGPS
+Baro
APV SBASGPS
+SBAS
The Case for RNP APCH
Safety Vertically guided approach allows stabilized approaches with
standard crew ops procedures Reduces runway excursions caused by unstabilised approach
Improved situation awareness reduces CFIT risk Reduced pilot workload compared to conventional step-down
approach and CDFA Better obstacle design criteria
(low temperature protection in LNAV/VNAV procedure design)
Low Cost : No dependence on ground based Navaids
Reduced minima = Improved Access DH as low as 200ft based on SBAS LPV Potential for straight-in instead of offset approach (due to reduced
obstacle clearance surfaces from RNP and/or lack of navaid siting problems)
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EUROCONTROL activities on RNP approaches
RNAV Approach implementation Support Group Input to Standards Guidance Material Training Courses Targeted Implementation Projects Deployment Monitoring
Some PBN <> Environmental Issues
Track placement flexibility provided by PBN allows more options for route placement > noise can be spread – or concentrated. Concentration > noise under ‘single’ flight path Dispersion > noise annoys more communities. Precise on-board navigation functions make it possible to by-pass noise
sensitive areas.
PBN’s better vertical path management enables improved (lateral) track placement as well as CDOs and CCOs.
Thanks to RNP APCH, reduced diversions
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PBN can be used to reduce Environmental Impact.
PBN’s challenge
Airport neighbours and local communities view PBN:-.
As a dirty word
Environmental objection can block PBN implementation.
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Argus News
New Gatwick flight path trials are 'destroying' Sussex village life
Thursday 27 February 2014
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Face the facts
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Aviation is not an impact free industry
Balance is needed – between
Environmental Impact and
Social, Economic, Institutional Benefits
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
European Airspace Concept Handbookfor PBN Implementation
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Implementation Steps
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PBN is a Team Game
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Requires a multi-disciplinary approach This is why an industry implementation plan is needed with “Buy-
In” from all stakeholders This is why ANSP implementation plan is needed with stakeholder
buy-in…
S/holder S/holder
OEMs
Industry
Data Houses
Engineers
Regulators
Airspace Designers
Procedure Designers
Pilots
Controllers
ALL Airspace Users
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RNP toolkit
To be applied by particular stakeholders
Generic and common material to support RNP implementation
To be developed in cooperation with the Deployment Manager and other stakeholders
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RNP enabled……………..
Thank you for your attention.
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PBN SIDs/STARs: [email protected] on-board functions : [email protected] Training : [email protected] Approach: [email protected] Approach: [email protected]